Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ana Elisa Sousa, Yacine Mahdid, Mathieu Brodeur, Martin Lepage
Summary: The Method of Loci (MoL) training protocol was tested on healthy individuals and individuals with schizophrenia, showing improvement only in the former group. The lack of significant memory enhancement in the schizophrenia group may be attributed to difficulties in method utilization and fatigue, highlighting the need for alternative strategies tailored to cognitive impairments in this population.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Megan Roussy, Rogelio Luna, Lyndon Duong, Benjamin Corrigan, Roberto A. Gulli, Ramon Nogueira, Ruben Moreno-Bote, Adam J. Sachs, Lena Palaniyappan, Julio C. Martinez-Trujillo
Summary: Research has shown that administration of ketamine to rhesus monkeys results in transient working memory deficits while sparing perceptual and motor skills. Ketamine affects different neuronal types in the lateral prefrontal cortex, disrupting the balance between excitation and inhibition, ultimately leading to selective working memory deficits.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Tiffany Junchen Tao, Christy Lai Ming Hui, Priscilla Wing Man Hui, Elise Chun Ning Ho, Bertha Sze Ting Lam, Andreas Kar Hin Wong, Sally Hiu Wah See, Evie Wai Ting Chan, Yi Nam Suen, Edwin Ho Ming Lee, Sherry Kit Wa Chan, Wing Chung Chang, William Tak Lam Lo, Catherine Shiu Yin Chong, Clara Man Wah Siu, Yan Yin Choi, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Peter J. McKenna, William G. Honer, Eric Yu Hai Chen
Summary: This study aimed to observe cognitive deterioration and relapse rates in psychosis patients. The findings revealed that verbal working memory deterioration is an early sign of relapse. This result has important implications for clinicians in identifying high-risk patients and making treatment decisions.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mario Tranfa, Felice Iasevoli, Sirio Cocozza, Mariateresa Ciccarelli, Annarita Barone, Arturo Brunetti, Andrea de Bartolomeis, Giuseppe Pontillo
Summary: This study explores the neural substrates of verbal memory impairment in schizophrenia and finds altered connectivity in structural and functional brain networks of patients compared to healthy controls. The aberrant connectivity of sensorimotor networks may be a biomarker of verbal memory impairment in schizophrenia.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jamal Williams, Viola S. Stoermer
Summary: This new study found that people tend to use visual working memory less in a more naturalistic virtual reality setting compared to traditional lab studies. This raises questions about how working memory is utilized in everyday tasks.
Article
Neurosciences
Baiwei Liu, Xinyu Li, Jan Theeuwes, Benchi Wang
Summary: It has been traditionally believed that information retrieved from long-term memory (LTM) needs to be brought back into working memory (WM). However, this study demonstrates that retrieval from LTM is possible even when WM capacity is fully occupied. EEG results indicate that retrieving items from LTM while WM is fully engaged enhances the suppression of alpha oscillations, suggesting alternative mechanisms for accessing LTM when WM is fully occupied.
Article
Biology
Kyra Schapiro, Kresimir Josic, Zachary P. Kilpatrick, Joshua Gold
Summary: This study used human psychophysics to examine the impact of working-memory limitations on the accuracy of continuous decision variables. The results suggest that the degradation of the decision variable depends on the strategy used to form it, either as a single value or as multiple values stored in memory.
Review
Psychiatry
Jintao Zhou, Jingfangzhou Li, Qi Zhao, Peixin Ou, Wan Zhao
Summary: This study reviews recent research from both behavioral and neuroimaging perspectives to summarize the working memory deficits of children with schizophrenia and discusses pathogenic factors such as genetic susceptibility. Additionally, this study proposes practical interventions to improve cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia from psychological and neural perspectives.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nicolas Lundahl Ciano-Petersen, Omar Hamad-Cueto, Hania Drissi-Reyes, Alvaro Dona-Diaz, Guillermina Garcia-Martin
Summary: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is characterized by specific clinical features such as heart abnormalities, thymus issues, palatal abnormalities, and hypocalcemia, as well as autoimmune and psychiatric disorders. Patients may experience psychotic disorders, developmental regression, and long-term cognitive disturbances. The syndrome may be linked to immune dysregulation and an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders, potentially due to thymic abnormalities playing a role in self-tolerance.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Alicia Forsberg, Christopher L. Blume, Nelson Cowan
Summary: Growth in working memory capacity is crucial for childhood cognitive development. Younger children tend to have lower working memory capacity but show little change in meta-working memory judgments. Higher cognitive capacity is associated with more accurate meta-working memory judgments.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Antonio Melillo, Edoardo Caporusso, Giulia Maria Giordano, Luigi Giuliani, Pasquale Pezzella, Andrea Perrottelli, Paola Bucci, Armida Mucci, Silvana Galderisi, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud Franchi
Summary: This review aims to explore the correlations between negative symptoms and deficits in neurocognition and social cognition in individuals with first-episode psychosis and at-risk populations. The available evidence suggests that negative symptoms are associated with executive functioning and theory of mind deficits in first-episode psychosis subjects, and with deficits in processing speed, attention, vigilance, and working memory in at-risk populations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Inmaculada Ibanez-Casas, Carrillo de Albornoz Calahorro Carmen Maura, Blanca Gutierrez, Jorge A. Cervilla
Summary: This study found an association between high paranoia scores and poorer cognitive function performance, particularly in global cognitive function and immediate verbal learning, working memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed. These results suggest that cognitive deficits may mediate the formation of paranoid thinking.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michele Lauriola, Grazia D'Onofrio, Filomena Ciccone, Annamaria la Torre, Valentina Angelillis, Carmela Germano, Leandro Cascavilla, Antonio Greco
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and severity of vascular risk factors in older patients with Very Late-Onset Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis (VLOSLP) and create a specific phenotype based on pathophysiological insight. The study evaluated 103 patients using various assessment scales and measured blood concentrations of multiple factors. The results showed differences in vascular risk factors between genders and among different age groups, highlighting the potential causal relationship between cardiac and cerebral vascular events and VLOSLP.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ana Costas-Carrera, Norma Verdolini, Clemente Garcia-Rizo, Gisela Mezquida, Joost Janssen, Isabel Valli, Iluminada Corripio, Ana M. Sanchez-Torres, Miquel Bioque, Antonio Lobo, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, Marta Rapado-Castro, Eduard Vieta, Helena de la Serna, Anna Mane, Alexandra Roldan, Nicolas Crossley, Rafael Penades, Manuel J. Cuesta, Mara Parellada, Miquel Bernardo
Summary: Patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) display larger ventricle size compared to healthy controls. Difficulties during delivery are associated with ventricle enlargement, and this enlargement is most significant in patients with delivery difficulties. The ratio of the third ventricle to the brain is significantly associated with verbal memory. These findings suggest that obstetric complications could contribute to the development of ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kiri T. Granger, Michael Sand, Sheryl Caswell, Lorena R. Lizarraga-Valderrama, Jennifer H. Barnett, Paula M. Moran
Summary: For patients and clinicians, the challenge of managing psychotic symptoms is finding a treatment that balances efficacy and side effects. Karuna Therapeutics' recent Phase III study shows promise for a non-dopamine-based treatment for schizophrenia with reduced side effects. This success offers new hope and highlights lessons in schizophrenia drug development methodology.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Leah M. Feuerstahler
Summary: This article develops a quantitative measure of metric stability using Ramsay's geometry of the latent trait metric in item response theory, providing meaningful and highly interpretable information to aid in item response model evaluation.
MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Erin K. Moran, James M. Gold, Cameron S. Carter, Angus W. MacDonald, J. Daniel Ragland, Steven M. Silverstein, Steven J. Luck, Deanna M. Barch
Summary: This study examined the extent of cognitive impairment among individuals with schizophrenia not currently on antipsychotic medications using a wide range of cognitive and reinforcement learning measures derived from cognitive neuroscience. The findings suggest that cognitive deficits are pervasive in schizophrenia and are present in both medicated and unmedicated individuals, affecting cognitive domains such as reinforcement learning, processing speed, cognitive control, working memory, verbal learning, and relational encoding and retrieval.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Danielle N. Pratt, Deanna M. Barch, Cameron S. Carter, James M. Gold, John D. Ragland, Steven M. Silverstein, Angus W. MacDonald
Summary: The study found that implicit reinforcement learning remains intact in individuals with psychosis, while explicit reinforcement learning is impaired. Symptom presentation did not show a robust relationship with task performance.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Educational
Carl F. Falk, Leah M. Feuerstahler
Summary: This study compares parametric response functions with nonparametric response functions in a CAT, and results suggest the use of the latter in CAT assessments.
EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Andra Geana, Deanna M. Barch, James M. Gold, Cameron S. Carter, Angus W. MacDonald III, J. Daniel Ragland, Steven M. Silverstein, Michael J. Frank
Summary: Psychiatric diagnosis and treatment in the past has focused on symptoms, neglecting underlying mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that different circuits can produce similar symptoms, and computational modeling can identify these differences and provide diagnosis insights.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Melanie R. Silverman, Randi Bennett, Leah Feuerstahler, Jill Stadterman, Anthony Steven Dick, Paulo Graziano, Amy Krain Roy
Summary: This study examined the factor structure of the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) among children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with and without Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). The results revealed a four-factor solution, including Negative Emotion Lability, Positive Emotion Lability, Socially Appropriate Affect, and Socially Incongruent Affect. These factors provide a comprehensive assessment of emotional difficulties and social-emotional functioning in children with ADHD, which can inform treatment planning and future research efforts.
Article
Immunology
Michael Bronstein, Erich Kummerfeld, Angus MacDonald, Sophia Vinogradov
Summary: This study reveals that biased reasoning and conspiracist ideation contribute to vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Specifically, the bias towards reduced data gathering during reasoning leads to paranoia, increasing the perceived dangerousness of vaccines and reducing willingness to vaccinate. Decreased willingness to vaccinate is also identified as a likely cause of belief in conspiracy theories. Perceived severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and perceived vaccine dangerousness are potential direct causes of willingness to vaccinate.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Leah E. Walsh, Barry Rosenfeld, Leah Feuerstahler, Hayley Pessin, William Breitbart
Summary: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Hopelessness Assessment in Illness (HAI) questionnaire among advanced cancer patients. The results indicated strong internal consistency and temporal stability of the HAI, with significant correlations to other psychological constructs.
PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jill Stadterman, Yvette G. Karvay, Leah Feuerstahler, Natasha L. Burke
Summary: This study aims to investigate snack consumption, acquisition behaviors, and associated eating disorders among adolescents living with food insecurity and food security. The researchers expect youth with food insecurity to exhibit increased eating and acquisition behaviors compared to youth with food security in both experimental conditions. This research is crucial for understanding how food insecurity impacts adolescent eating behaviors among marginalized youth.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Melanie R. Silverman, Jill Stadterman, Danny Lorenzi, Leah Feuerstahler, Emily Hirsch, Amy K. Roy
Summary: The study found that parental risk/resilience factors can impact children's learning and emotional outcomes, with parental confidence and involvement significantly influencing child outcomes, especially in families with children with ADHD. Additionally, there was no significant difference in remote learning difficulties between children with and without ADHD.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2022)
Book Review
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Leah Feuerstahler
MEASUREMENT-INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anita N. Kwashie, Yizhou Ma, Deanna M. Barch, Matthew Chafee, J. Daniel Ragland, Steven M. Silverstein, Cameron S. Carter, James M. Gold, Angus W. MacDonald
Summary: Cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia are linked to impaired executive functioning. Proactive control requires sustained dorsolateral prefrontal activity, while reactive control involves a larger network. Patients with schizophrenia exhibit distinct neural activation patterns in control tasks compared to controls.
COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
A. David Redish, Samantha V. Abram, Paul J. Cunningham, Anneke A. Duin, Romain Durand-de Cuttoli, Rebecca Kazinka, Adrina Kocharian, Angus W. MacDonald III, Brandy Schmidt, Neil Schmitzer-Torbert, Mark J. Thomas, Brian M. Sweis
Summary: Sunk cost sensitivity refers to the increasing commitment of decisions with increased spent resources. Through analysis of foraging tasks in different species and laboratories, it is found that this behavior primarily occurs on choices that are economically inconsistent with the subject's other choices, and it is influenced by both the time spent and the time remaining.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yizhou Ma, Timothy Hendrickson, Ian Ramsay, Amanda Shen, Scott R. Sponheim, Angus W. MacDonald III
Summary: The study found that some rsFC substrates of PLEs are shared across the psychosis continuum, but the explanatory power of the model is limited and generalization is partial. It is equally important to understand the shared versus distinct rsFC variances across the psychosis continuum.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods
Leah Feuerstahler, Mark Wilson
Summary: This article discusses the method of achieving scale alignment in between-item multidimensional item response models to enforce the unique ordering of items across dimensions. By linearly transforming item parameters, scale alignment helps maintain model properties and is applicable to models fit using incomplete data.
APPLIED PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
(2021)