Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hamish M. E. Foster, Jason M. R. Gill, Frances S. Mair, Carlos A. Celis-Morales, Bhautesh D. Jani, Barbara I. Nicholl, Duncan Lee, Catherine A. O'Donnell
Summary: This study found that both functional and structural components of social connection are independently associated with mortality. It also suggests that the beneficial associations for some types of social connection might not be felt when other types of social connection are absent. Additionally, individuals who live alone with additional structural markers of isolation may represent a high-risk population.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luca Dei Bardi, Enrico Calandrini, Anna Maria Bargagli, Viviana Egidi, Marina Davoli, Nera Agabiti, Giulia Cesaroni
Summary: This study analyzed the association between individual and contextual socioeconomic position (SEP) with health status and survival. The results showed that individuals with low SEP had higher prevalence of chronic conditions and shorter survival times. The association between SEP and survival was independent of baseline health status.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jiaying Zhao, Chi Kin Law, Matthew Kelly, Vasoontara Yiengprugsawan, Sam-Ang Seubsman, Adrian Sleigh
Summary: This study examines the relationship between baseline union status and mortality in Thailand, with a focus on gender differentials. The findings reveal that marriage and living together have a protective effect on mortality, particularly for women who are married and living together with a partner. Additionally, divorced/widowed men have a higher risk of mortality compared to their counterparts. The study emphasizes the importance of considering cultural and institutional factors when addressing mortality and measuring cohabitation in non-Western settings.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisa M. Jamieson, Gail Garvey, Joanne Hedges, Cathy Leane, Isaac Hill, Alex Brown, Xiangqun Ju, Sneha Sethi, David Roder, Richard M. Logan, Newell Johnson, Megan Smith, Annika Antonsson, Karen Canfell
Summary: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of oral HPV infection among Indigenous Australians, identify risk factors associated with OPSCC-related HPV types, develop HPV-related health state valuations, and determine the cost-effectiveness of extending publicly-funded HPV vaccination. Findings indicate a high prevalence of oral HPV infection, with lower prevalence of HPV types associated with OPSCC. Future plans include continued follow-up of the cohort with comprehensive clinical examinations and blood tests for early stage OPSCC.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joy D. Scheidell, Typhanye Dyer, Christopher Hucks-Ortiz, Jasmyn Abrams, Medha Mazumdar, Charles Cleland, Natalia Irvine, Rodman E. Turpin, MacRegga Severe, Kenneth Mayer, Maria Khan
Summary: This study found that recent incarceration among black sexual minority men and transgender women is associated with lower levels of social support, particularly in emotional/informational and affectionate aspects.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Manav V. Vyas, Jiming Fang, Peter C. Austin, Andreas Laupacis, Matthew C. Cheung, Frank L. Silver, Moira K. Kapral
Summary: The study found that immigrants were more likely to be lost to follow-up in all disease cohorts. Not accounting for this loss to follow-up led to an overestimation of the association between immigration status and mortality in patients with ischaemic stroke, cancer, and schizophrenia.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael Roettger, Brian Houle
Summary: In the USA, research has shown that parental imprisonment, particularly paternal imprisonment, is associated with a slightly elevated risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) for young adults. However, methodological issues may have limited the reliability and accuracy of prior findings. Adjusting for various factors, this study found that only paternal imprisonment was linked to an increased risk of STI, with additive effects showing a modest increase in risk for women and black individuals.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Fridh, Mirnabi Pirouzifard, Maria Rosvall, Martin Lindstrom
Summary: This study investigated the association between mortality and general psychological distress, measured by the GHQ-12, and found gender differences in the association. The study revealed a higher prevalence of psychological distress among women, but higher mortality rates among men, highlighting the morbidity-mortality gender paradox. GHQ-12 could potentially be used as a predictor of mortality, especially for men.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Janet Fanslow, Ladan Hashemi, Zarintaj Malihi, Pauline Gulliver, Tracey McIntosh
Summary: The study found that between 2019 and 2003, there was no change in the lifetime prevalence of physical IPV, but a significant decrease in the proportion of women experiencing 12-month physical IPV and small reductions in rates for lifetime sexual IPV were observed. In 2019, fewer women agreed with traditional gender roles, and there was a decrease in seeking help from informal sources.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Karoline Doser, Hanne Hove, John R. Ostergaard, Pernille E. Bidstrup, Susanne O. Dalton, Mette Moller Handrup, Cecilie Ejerskov, Anja Kroyer, Mia Aagaard Doherty, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, John J. Mulvihill, Jeanette F. Winther, Line Kenborg
Summary: The Danish NF1 cohort study aims to examine the health-related, socioeconomic, and psychological consequences of living with NF1 using a nationwide and population-based approach. The cohort includes all individuals in Denmark who were hospitalised or registered with NF1 from 1977 to 2013. The findings so far reveal increased risks for various disorders, psychiatric conditions, lower education levels, and difficulties in forming partnerships among individuals with NF1. Women with NF1 also have higher risks of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. The study highlights the impaired quality of life and need for professional support among adults with NF1.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisa M. Jamieson, Joanne Hedges, X. Ju, Kostas Kapellas, Cathy Leane, Dandara G. Haag, Pedro Ribeiro Santiago, Davi Manzini Macedo, Rachel M. Roberts, Lisa G. Smithers
Summary: The South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort study aims to investigate various factors contributing to Aboriginal children's oral and general health, as well as social and emotional well-being. The findings suggest that intervention had a better effect on infants exposed earlier, but dental disease rates remained higher compared to general child population estimates at age 5.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Janet Fanslow, Zarintaj Malihi, Ladan Hashemi, Pauline Gulliver, Tracey McIntosh
Summary: While there was a decrease in reported past year psychological intimate partner violence (IPV), the lifetime prevalence of controlling behaviors and economic abuse increased from 2003 to 2019. The results emphasize potential gaps in current IPV prevention programs, the need to identify and address underlying drivers of abusive behavior, and the importance of independently measuring multiple forms of IPV.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ashleigh J. Rich, Tonia Poteat, Mieke Koehoorn, Jenny Li, Monica Ye, Paul Sereda, Travis Salway, Robert Hogg
Summary: Innovative methods are needed to identify transgender individuals in administrative records for health research. This study examined the feasibility of using transgender-specific healthcare utilization in a Canadian population-based health records database to develop a computable phenotype and identify the proportion of transgender individuals within the HIV-positive population. The best-performing computable phenotype identified 137 HIV-negative and 51 HIV-positive transgender people, with low sensitivity, high specificity, and moderate positive predictive value.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Antonio Moreno-Llamas, Jesus Garcia-Mayor, Ernesto De la Cruz-Sanchez
Summary: This study found that higher gender inequality is associated with differences in physical activity between genders, while lower gender inequality is linked to increased physical activity levels in both women and men. Lower levels of physical activity in women could be influenced by gender inequality.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luo Tao, Tian Tian, Lirong Liu, Zewen Zhang, Qi Sun, Gaofeng Sun, Jianghong Dai, Hong Yan
Summary: The purpose of this study is to explore the potential causal link between heredity, geographical environment, diet, and other lifestyle factors with long-term health consequences. The Xinjiang Multiethnic Cohort Study (XMC) was established as the first large-scale prospective cohort in Xinjiang, China. The study recruited over 30,000 participants from three study sites in Xinjiang and collected data including baseline questionnaires, physical measurements, and biological specimens. The preliminary findings revealed that the majority of participants reported consuming fruits and vegetables three or more times per week. The most common chronic diseases among the participants were dyslipidemia, hypertension, cholecystitis, diabetes, and ischaemic heart disease.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Per E. Gustafsson, Miguel San Sebastian, Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodriguez, Anne-Marie Fors Connolly
Summary: This study examines social gradients in COVID-19 outcomes in Sweden, finding significant disparities in hospitalizations, intensive care admissions, and deaths by education, income, and country of birth. These inequities appear to be unrelated to pre-existing health disparities, suggesting that management of confirmed COVID-19 cases could play a role in mitigating these outcomes.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Ebba Noland, Mattias Strandh, Fia Klotz Logan
Summary: Little is known about the recidivism of mentally disordered offenders after discharge from forensic psychiatric services. This study investigated the reconvictions of mentally disordered offenders after discharge and found that while many were reconvicted for violent crimes, serious violent crimes were relatively rare. The study also revealed that the victims of these crimes were often unknown to the perpetrators or persons of authority, and the crimes were often committed without apparent provocation or reason. This information is crucial for professionals to assess the risk accurately.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cristian Bortes, Karina Nilsson, Mattias Strandh
Summary: This study examined the associations between multiple clinically diagnosed mental disorders among children in Sweden and their educational achievements at the end of ninth grade. The results revealed negative associations between most mental disorders and educational achievements, except for eating disorders among female students. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had the strongest negative association with non-successful completion of compulsory education, followed by unipolar depression among males and anxiety disorder among females. Obsessive compulsive disorder had the weakest negative association with educational achievements among both males and females.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bjorn Hogberg, Mattias Strandh, Klara Johansson, Solveig Petersen
Summary: This study investigates the issues with survey-based measures of psychosomatic complaints and finds important results. Firstly, the distribution of complaints is not bimodal, indicating that binary categorizations may overlook important variations among students. Secondly, the increase in complaints primarily occurs among students who report frequent and co-occurring complaints, rather than being primarily driven by a greater inclination to report trivial complaints. Therefore, the study concludes that the current surveys of psychosomatic complaints do not conflate trivial and more severe complaints.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Per E. Gustafsson, Ingeborg Nilsson, Miguel San Sebastian
Summary: This study examines the early impact of the pandemic and quarantine measures on loneliness among older adults in Sweden. The results show a 14% increase in loneliness in Spring 2020 compared to 2019, but no significant impact of the quarantine measures. This suggests that older adults receiving home care in Sweden have relative resilience to quarantine measures during the initial months of the pandemic.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nadja Fagrell Trygg, Per E. Gustafsson, Anna-Karin Hurtig, Anna Mansdotter
Summary: This study aims to critically analyze the representation of health inequalities in a government bill and explore its performative power and alternative representations.
Article
Immunology
Alieu Sowe, Fredinah Namatovu, Bai Cham, Per E. Gustafsson
Summary: This study assessed the impact of a results-based financing (RBF) project on national vaccination coverage, coverage in intervention and non-intervention areas, and rural-urban coverage inequality in The Gambia. The results showed an overall improvement in vaccination coverage, and the RBF project contributed to reducing rural-urban inequality.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Per E. Gustafsson, Julia Schroders, Ingeborg Nilsson, Miguel San Sebastian
Summary: This study aimed to examine the impact on loneliness of the early phase of the pandemic and of a national visiting ban at nursing homes for Swedish nursing home residents. The results showed a moderate increase in loneliness, which could be explained by self-reported health. The nationwide visiting ban did not have an additional impact on loneliness trends.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Cynthia Anticona, Pernilla Lif Holgerson, Per E. Gustafsson
Summary: The goal of the Swedish oral healthcare system is to achieve good oral health and equitable access to care for the entire population. This study examines complex inequities in unmet oral care needs among adults in Sweden from 2004 to 2021 using an intersectional approach.
COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Per E. Gustafsson, Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodriguez, Ingeborg Nilsson, Miguel San Sebastian
Summary: This study in Sweden examined social inequalities in loneliness among older adults receiving eldercare, finding that inequalities particularly emerged at the intersection of country of birth, income, and residential setting. The COVID-19 pandemic slightly widened these inequalities in 2020, with nursing home residents emerging as a risk group. Discriminatory accuracy of the inequalities remained consistently low to moderate, but showed a slight increase during the pandemic.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thomas Vogt, Per E. Gustafsson
Summary: This study investigated disparities in fruit and vegetable intake between groups at the intersection of education and gender in northern Sweden, and estimated the discriminatory accuracy of the intersectional groups. The results showed that low educated men had the highest prevalence of inadequate intake, while high educated women had the lowest. The joint disparities were mostly explained by gender and education, and suggestions for interventions and policies were made.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Frida Brattlof, Per E. Gustafsson, Miguel San Sebastian
Summary: This study examined the prevalence of physical activity and socioeconomic inequalities in Sweden before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings showed that social inequalities increased during the pandemic across various socioeconomic factors, but not based on gender.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alieu Sowe, Fredinah Namatovu, Bai Cham, Per E. Gustafsson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of a timeliness monitoring intervention on hepatitis B birth dose administration in The Gambia. The results showed that the intervention led to overall improvements in birth dose timeliness, with a greater impact on poorly performing health facilities.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Joel Lillqvist, Johan N. Sommar, Per E. Gustafsson, Eva-Lotta Glader, Katarina Hamberg, Olov Rolandsson
Summary: Groups with low socioeconomic status have lower rates of using medication that prevents cardiovascular disease, compared to groups with high socioeconomic status. Physicians are responsible for prescribing all medicines to prevent cardiovascular disease; thus, biased prescriptions could have effects on the equality of care in the population. Compared to individuals with equivalent education, physicians had higher rates of using medication that prevents cardiovascular disease.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anna Valverius, Linda Arnell, Mattias Strandh
Summary: The study found that country level egalitarian values are associated with sexual behavior and condom use among youth. This contributes to the sexual health and well-being of adolescents in Africa, South America, and Asia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH
(2021)