Article
Environmental Sciences
Arben Boshnjaku, Ermira Krasniqi, Harald Tschan, Barbara Wessner
Summary: The study on Kosovan adults shows that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism may have a sex-specific impact on knee extensor peak torque and BMI. Female XX carriers exhibited taller height and higher isokinetic knee extension peak torque, while male XX carriers showed taller height and lower BMI compared to other groups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kathleen Y. de Almeida, Tiago Cetolin, Andrea Rita Marrero, Aderbal Silva Aguiar Junior, Pedro Mohr, Naoki Kikuchi
Summary: This study examines the associations between the ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms and the incidence and severity of muscle injury in professional soccer athletes from Brazil. The findings suggest that individuals with the ACTN3 XX genotype are more susceptible to severe injuries, and those with the ACE II genotype have a higher number of injuries per season. Additionally, the combination of the ACTN3 577X allele and the ACE II genotype is associated with an increased number of injuries per season.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alberto Melian Ortiz, Sofia Laguarta-Val, David Varillas-Delgado
Summary: The study analyzed the effectiveness of four muscular exercises in improving explosive strength variables, finding that genetic profiles of ACE and ACTN3 can influence the improvement outcomes. Significant improvements were observed in the DD genotype of ACE for the Sargent test and sprint velocity test, while the RR variable of ACTN3 showed improvement in long jump, Sargent test, and power jump. Genes play a decisive role in muscle work and the improvement of explosive strength variables.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yan Chen, Yiheng Liang, Hang Guo, Kun Meng, Junqiang Qiu, Dan Benardot
Summary: There is increasing evidence that dietary protein intake with leucine and vitamin D is an important factor in muscle protein synthesis. This study investigated the combined effects of consuming whey protein and vitamin D-3 in the evening before bedtime or in the morning after sleeping on muscle mass and strength. The results showed that both before bedtime and after sleeping groups experienced a significant increase in serum vitamin D levels and muscle mass, indicating that the combination of whey protein and vitamin D supplements before or after sleep can lead to beneficial increases in muscle mass in young males undergoing resistance training.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shanhu Qiu, Xue Cai, Xiaoying Zhou, Jinshui Xu, Zilin Sun, Haijian Guo, Tongzhi Wu
Summary: This study evaluated the association between prediabetes and muscle quality, and found that elevated HbA1c may be a better predictor of reduced muscle quality compared to blood glucose.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Na Li, Jingfeng Yang, Yuanpeng Liao
Summary: The study investigated the effects of independently applying blood flow restriction training (BFRT) and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), as well as combining the two methods, on muscle function. The results showed that combining BFRT and EMS for low-intensity squat training improved muscle strength of the lower limbs by promoting muscle hypertrophy and improving muscle activation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tim Kambic, Nejc Sarabon, Mitja Lainscak, Vedran Hadzic
Summary: This study investigated the effects of high load resistance training (HL-RT) and low load resistance training (LL-RT) combined with aerobic training (AT) compared to AT alone on body composition and physical performance in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The results showed that both HL-RT and LL-RT combined with AT resulted in similar improvements in physical performance, which were superior to AT alone.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Sasa Duric, Olivera M. Knezevic, Vedrana Sember, Ivan Cuk, Aleksandar Nedeljkovic, Maja Pajek, Dragan M. Mirkov
Summary: The study aimed to investigate resistance-specific gains in muscle power and strength following different types of resistance training. The results showed significant improvements in average and maximum power, as well as 1RM, in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Training against specific resistance types led to higher gains in power, indicating the importance of resistance-specific training for muscle strength improvement.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Luca Correale, Cosme Franklim Buzzachera, Giulia Liberali, Erwan Codrons, Giulia Mallucci, Matteo Vandoni, Cristina Montomoli, Roberto Bergamaschi
Summary: The study demonstrates that combined resistance and endurance training can improve muscle strength, reduce fatigue, alleviate depression, and enhance quality of life in individuals with MS. The effects of the training persisted even after cessation, indicating its potential preventive role in disease-related deterioration of muscular performance and quality of life.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ryan Burke, Alec Pinero, Max Coleman, Adam Mohan, Max Sapuppo, Francesca Augustin, Alan A. Aragon, Darren G. Candow, Scott C. Forbes, Paul Swinton, Brad J. Schoenfeld
Summary: The purpose of this study was to analyze the combined effects of resistance training (RT) and creatine supplementation on muscle mass using direct imaging measures. The results showed a small increase in skeletal muscle hypertrophy in both the upper and lower body when creatine supplementation was combined with RT. Younger adults seemed to benefit more from creatine supplementation compared to older adults.
Article
Physiology
Weizhi Xiong, Xuefeng Liu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) combined with KAATSU training (KT) on lower limb joint muscle strength in older women. The results showed that WBVT and KT increased knee extensor strength, and the combined intervention had better improvements in knee extensor and ankle flexor and extensor strength, as well as hip extension muscle endurance. This has important implications for improving muscle strength in older women.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Helio Jose Coelho-Junior, Riccardo Calvani, Anna Picca, Stefano Cacciatore, Matteo Tosato, Francesco Landi, Emanuele Marzetti
Summary: Previous studies have shown that regular aerobic training and adherence to a Mediterranean diet can lower the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults. However, the effect of their combination on sarcopenia indices is unknown.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mon-Chien Lee, Chin-Shan Ho, Yi-Ju Hsu, Ming-Fang Wu, Chi-Chang Huang
Summary: In recent years, electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) devices have been used as a complementary training technique for physical fitness and rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of frequency-specific EMS combined with resistance exercise on muscle mass, strength, body composition, and fatigue-related parameters. The results showed that this combined training method significantly improved muscle mass, strength, and reduced body fat.
Article
Sport Sciences
P. E. D. R. O. LOPEZ, ReGIS RADAELLI, D. E. N. N. I. S. R. TAAFFE, R. O. B. E. R. T. U. NEWTON, D. A. N. I. E. L. A. GALVAO, G. A. B. R. I. E. L. S. TRAJANO, J. U. L. I. A. N. A. L. TEODORO, W. I. L. L. I. A. M. J. KRAEMER, K. E. I. J. O. HaKKINEN, R. O. N. E. I. S. PINTO
Summary: The study found that while muscle hypertrophy improvements seem to be load independent, increases in muscle strength are superior in high-load RT programs. Untrained participants exhibit greater muscle hypertrophy, whereas undertaking more RT sessions provides superior gains in those with previous training experience.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yejin Kang, Katherine N. Dillon, Mauricio A. Martinez, Arun Maharaj, Stephen M. Fischer, Arturo Figueroa
Summary: Hypertension is common in postmenopausal women. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced muscle mass and strength contribute to hypertension. L-citrulline supplementation and slow velocity low-intensity resistance training have shown improvements in vascular function, but their effects on muscle mass were unclear. This study found that combining L-citrulline supplementation and slow velocity low-intensity resistance training had additional benefits on leg endothelial function, lean mass, and strength in hypertensive postmenopausal women.
Article
Orthopedics
Mark R. Antrobus, Jon Brazier, Peter Callus, Adam J. Herbert, Georgina K. Stebbings, Stephen H. Day, Liam P. Kilduff, Mark A. Bennett, Robert M. Erskine, Stuart M. Raleigh, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Shane M. Heffernan, Alun G. Williams
Summary: This study investigated the association between elite rugby athlete status and concussion-associated risk polymorphisms. The findings showed that there were differences in the COMT rs4680 genotype, which could potentially affect stress resilience, behavioral traits, concussion risk, and recovery in elite rugby athletes. Evaluating the COMT rs4680 genotype may be beneficial for individualized management of concussion risk among athletes.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jon Brazier, Mark R. Antrobus, Adam J. Herbert, Peter C. Callus, Georgina K. Stebbings, Stephen H. Day, Shane M. Heffernan, Liam P. Kilduff, Mark A. Bennett, Robert M. Erskine, Stuart M. Raleigh, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Alun G. Williams
Summary: There is growing evidence that genetics play a role in tendon and ligament pathologies. This study found that 13 gene polymorphisms associated with tendon/ligament injury were also associated with elite rugby athlete status. Elite rugby athletes may have an inherited advantage that contributes to their resistance to soft tissue injury.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Hannah R. Dines, Jennifer Nixon, Sarah J. Lockey, Adam J. Herbert, Courtney Kipps, Charles R. Pedlar, Stephen H. Day, Shane M. Heffernan, Mark R. Antrobus, Jon Brazier, Robert M. Erskine, Georgina K. Stebbings, Elliott C. R. Hall, Alun G. Williams
Summary: Collagen gene polymorphisms associated with resistance to soft-tissue injury are more common in competitive runners, but their contribution to running performance is unknown.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maxime Boidin, Ellen A. Dawson, Dick H. J. Thijssen, Robert M. Erskine
Summary: This study used a within-subject, cross-over design to investigate the relationship between individual adaptations to resistance training (RT) and endurance training (END). The findings indicated that there was no correlation between the adaptations to both types of training. However, a significant interaction was observed between the VEGFA genotype and training modality, suggesting that individuals with the VEGFA GG genotype exhibited greater adaptations to RT compared to END.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Mark R. Viggars, Daniel J. Owens, Claire Stewart, Catherine Coirault, Abigail L. Mackey, Jonathan C. Jarvis
Summary: PCM1 is detected in single isolated myofibers and cross sections from mice and humans, playing an important role in the subcellular location of myonuclei. It is found in the nuclear envelope of mature myofibers and newly formed myotubes, as well as in the centrosomes of proliferating myogenic precursors. Although not completely specific to myonuclei, PCM1 may be useful as a marker of satellite cell dynamics.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Mark C. Turner, Ryan Brett, Amarjit Saini, Claire E. Stewart, Derek Renshaw
Summary: The concentration of serum affects the differentiation of LHCN-M2 skeletal muscle cells, but does not have a significant impact on mitochondrial function. The findings suggest that LHCN-M2 myoblast cell line can be used to study skeletal muscle development and metabolism.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Joonsung Lee, Josh E. Bridge, David R. Clark, Claire E. Stewart, Robert M. Erskine
Summary: We examined the impact of collagen hydrolysate supplementation on the properties of the patellar tendon in female soccer players. After 10 weeks of soccer training, the group receiving collagen supplementation showed increased stiffness and Young's modulus of the patellar tendon compared to the placebo group. These findings suggest that collagen supplementation may improve the mechanical and material properties of the patellar tendon in high-level female soccer players.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sandro Satta, Robert Beal, Rhys Smith, Xing Luo, Glenn R. Ferris, Alex Langford-Smith, Jack Teasdale, Tom Tanjeko Ajime, Jef Serre, Georgina Hazell, Graciela Sala Newby, Jason L. Johnson, Svitlana Kurinna, Martin J. Humphries, Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez, Peter Libby, Hans Degens, Bo Yu, Thomas Johnson, Yvonne Alexander, Haibo Jia, Andrew C. Newby, Stephen J. White
Summary: Researchers recreated the conditions of endothelial erosion of plaques in vitro and identified a novel Nrf2-OSGIN1&2-HSP70 axis that regulates endothelial adhesion, as well as elevated GDF15 and HSP70 as biomarkers for plaque erosion in patients with smoking history. They also identified two therapeutic targets for reducing the risk of plaque erosion.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Conall F. Murtagh, Elliott C. R. Hall, Thomas E. Brownlee, Barry Drust, Alun G. Williams, Robert M. Erskine
Summary: The aim of this review is to evaluate the genetic association with athlete status, physical performance, and injury risk in soccer. The most compelling evidence identifies several genetic polymorphisms associated with these factors. Further research and replication studies are necessary to identify new genetic markers and understand the physiological mechanisms involved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hans Degens, Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson
Summary: Ageing is characterized by a decline in physiological functions. There is a debate on whether the rate of ageing is highly individualistic or uniform. This study proposes a framework to assess the rate of ageing using cross-sectional data, suggesting that most studies demonstrate a highly individualistic rate of ageing, except for master athletes who show a uniform rate of ageing.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Janelle Tarum, Hans Degens, Mark D. Turner, Claire Stewart, Craig Sale, Livia Santos
Summary: Healthy skeletal muscle has the ability to regenerate after injury, but this ability is impaired in aging muscle due to dysfunctional satellite cells and reduced myogenic capacity. This study developed a high-throughput in vitro model to assess muscle regeneration in young and aged muscle cell cultures. The results suggest that aged muscle cells have reduced regeneration capacity and show significant changes in signalling pathways associated with muscle development and contraction. Understanding these mechanisms can aid in the development of new therapies for impaired muscle regeneration in older age.
JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alexander S. Hart, Robert M. Erskine, Tom J. Mclaughlin, David R. Clark
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical characteristics and game statistics associated with ball-carrying capability among sub-elite rugby union players, and to predict the level of change in physical characteristics required to improve these game statistics. The findings suggest that improvements in lower-body relative strength, acceleration performance, and position-specific alterations in body mass are necessary to maximize ball-carrying capability in sub-elite rugby union players.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE IN SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2023)