Journal
ONCOTARGET
Volume 6, Issue 7, Pages 5147-5163Publisher
IMPACT JOURNALS LLC
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2881
Keywords
HNSCC; chemoresistance; NF-kappa B; proliferation; garcinol
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Funding
- National Medical Research Council of Singapore
- NUS Academic Research fund
- Biomedical Research Council of Singapore
- Singapore Millennium Foundation
- Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 2 [MOE2012-T2-2-139]
- Academic Research Fund Tier 1 [R-184-000-228-112]
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Experimental Therapeutics I Program [R-713-001-011-271]
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Platinum compounds such as cisplatin and carboplatin are frequently used as the first-line chemotherapy for the treatment of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, we investigated whether garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone can chemosensitize HNSCC to cisplatin. We found that garcinol inhibited the viability of a panel of diverse HNSCC cell lines, enhanced the apoptotic effect of cisplatin, suppressed constitutive as well as cisplatin-induced NF-kappa B activation, and downregulated the expression of various oncogenic gene products (cyclin D1, Bcl-2, survivin and VEGF). In vivo study showed that administration of garcinol alone (0.5 mg/kg body weight, i.p. five times/week) significantly suppressed the growth of the tumor, and this effect was further increased by cisplatin. Both the markers of proliferation index (Ki-67) and microvessel density (CD31) were downregulated in tumor tissues by the combination of cisplatin and garcinol. The pharmacokinetic results of garcinol indicated that good systemic exposure was achievable after i.p. administration of garcinol at 0.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg with mean peak concentration (Cmax) of 1825.4 and 6635.7 nM in the mouse serum, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that garcinol can indeed potentiate the effects of cisplatin by negative regulation of various inflammatory and proliferative biomarkers.
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