Review
Oncology
Matthew G. Davey, Sean O. Hynes, Michael J. Kerin, Nicola Miller, Aoife J. Lowery
Summary: In breast cancer development, the expression of Ki-67 is a valuable indicator for prognosis and treatment decision making. The advent of molecular medicine has transformed breast cancer management by recognizing the heterogeneity of the disease and using a combination of factors for substratification and personalization of treatment modalities. Routine evaluation of Ki-67 as a proliferation marker in breast cancer patients has limitations, but promising strategies are being explored to enhance its utility in future oncology.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gianluca Businello, Valentina Angerilli, Paola Parente, Stefano Realdon, Edoardo Savarino, Fabio Farinati, Federica Grillo, Alessandro Vanoli, Francesca Galuppini, Silvia Paccagnella, Gianmaria Pennelli, Luca Mastracci, Luca Saragoni, Matteo Fassan
Summary: This review describes the landscape of molecular alterations in gastric pre-invasive lesions and discusses their potential use in diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Aatish Thennavan, Susana Garcia-Recio, Siyao Liu, Xiaping He, Charles M. Perou
Summary: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). This study utilizes mouse models and human samples to identify features associated with DCIS progression. The analysis reveals malignant cells and tumor microenvironmental changes in DCIS and IDC, and suggests the existence of intrinsic subtype unique DCIS features. The findings may contribute to the identification and treatment of progression-prone DCIS in human basal-like breast cancers.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Junjie Peng, Elizabeth C. Jury, Pierre Donnes, Coziana Ciurtin
Summary: Machine learning applications in the clinical study of chronic inflammatory diseases show promising results and potential for precision medicine, aiding in prediction, diagnosis, prognosis, disease management, and drug development.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Cesare Lancellotti, Pierandrea Cancian, Victor Savevski, Soumya Rupa Reddy Kotha, Filippo Fraggetta, Paolo Graziano, Luca Di Tommaso
Summary: This article introduces the application of artificial intelligence in supporting the evaluation of tissue biomarkers in pathology, showcasing the potential of AI technology in this field, and discussing the advantages, risks, and future directions of personalized medicine.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Matthew G. Davey, Martin S. Davey, Michael R. Boland, Eanna J. Ryan, Aoife J. Lowery, Michael J. Kerin
Summary: Radiomics can help differentiate molecular subtypes of breast cancer using diagnostic imaging, with different analyses showing varying sensitivity and specificity in this regard. While radiomics offers a novel option, further improvement of techniques is needed.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Benjamin Verret, Michele Bottosso, Sofia Hervais, Barbara Pistilli
Summary: This article reviews the knowledge about predictive and prognosis biomarkers in metastatic breast cancer based on molecular profiling studies. It summarizes the findings of important studies deciphering the molecular landscape of metastatic breast cancer and identifies molecular alterations associated with treatment response or resistance. The article also classifies the validated and emergent molecular biomarkers in metastatic breast cancer according to the level of evidence and ESCAT classification, and provides perspective on their development in clinical practice.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Karin Wallander, Ingegerd Oefverholm, Kjetil Boye, Panagiotis Tsagkozis, Andri Papakonstantinou, Yingbo Lin, Felix Haglund de Flon
Summary: Sarcoma subtype classification is currently based on histopathological morphology, but molecular analyses are becoming an important addition to sarcoma diagnostics and treatment. Molecular markers can support diagnostic workup, suggest differential diagnoses, and identify therapeutic targets. However, the use of molecular markers in sarcoma prognosis is still limited. Understanding the limitations and context of sequencing technologies is crucial for accurate interpretation of genetic findings in sarcoma diagnostics. The increasing availability of massive-parallel sequencing is expected to be utilized more in sarcoma treatment centers in the future.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Sami A. Alsaeed, Michael Toss, Mansour Alsaleem, Mohammed Aleskandarany, Chitra Joseph, Sasagu Kurozumi, Graham Ball, Nigel Mongan, Andrew Green, Emad Rakha
Summary: The aim of this study is to explore the clinical and prognostic importance of HSP90 alpha in breast cancer, and findings suggest that high expression of HSP90 alpha is significantly associated with poor prognostic characteristics in breast cancer. High HSP90 alpha protein expression is identified as an independent predictor of shorter breast cancer-specific survival.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Patricia Pose Lapausa, Teresa Soria Comes, Inos Calabria, Inmaculada Maestu Maiques
Summary: Molecular characterization of breast cancer through NGS technique provides prognostic and predictive information for patients, making it a valuable clinical tool in the context of precision medicine.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Faina Nakhlis, Fisher D. Katlin, Samantha C. Grossmith, Ashley DiPasquale, Beth T. Harrison, Stuart J. Schnitt, Tari A. King
Summary: This study evaluated the local recurrence after breast conservation surgery (BCS) in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer and concomitant non-classic lobular carcinoma in situ (NC-LCIS). The results showed that NC-LCIS is rarely present with DCIS or invasive cancer and does not affect the local recurrence outcomes following BCS.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Uwe Bieri, Dominik Enderlin, Lorenz Buser, Marian S. Wettstein, Daniel Eberli, Holger Moch, Thomas Hermanns, Cedric Poyet
Summary: This study evaluated the value of a modified Immunoscore as a predictive marker for the prognosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The findings suggest that the modified Immunoscore can accurately predict the prognosis of high-risk patients and guide the allocation of follow-up or treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Drissa Ouattara, Carole Mathelin, Tolga Ozmen, Massimo Lodi
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) on local recurrence (LR) in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated by breast-conserving surgery (BCS) according to molecular signature risk stratification. The results showed that, in the high-risk group, BCS + RT significantly reduced the risks of invasive and total breast events (InvBE and TotBE). However, in the low-risk group, RT only had a significant benefit in preventing TotBE, not InvBE. Overall, molecular signatures can help guide the decision of RT in DCIS patients, with high-risk patients benefiting more from RT.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara D. Alharthi, Hemalatha Kanniyappan, Soundarya Prithweeraj, Divya Bijukumar, Mathew T. Mathew
Summary: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide and in the United States. Early detection using a cost-effective, rapid, and highly sensitive approach such as an electrochemical biosensor is crucial for better treatment outcomes. Our research focuses on using the ECM1 biomarker with higher expression in synthetic urine to develop such a biosensor for breast cancer detection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hannah O'Keefe, Rebekka Shenfine, Melissa Brown, Fiona Beyer, Judith Rankin
Summary: This systematic review assessed the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive or minimally invasive autopsy techniques in deaths under 1 year of age. The review included 54 direct evidence studies and 134 indirect evidence studies, finding positive effects for some techniques such as postmortem ultrasound and antenatal echography. However, the effects of virtual autopsy and other techniques remain inconclusive.
Article
Cell Biology
Maurice B. Loughrey, Jason McGrath, Helen G. Coleman, Peter Bankhead, Perry Maxwell, Claire McGready, Victoria Bingham, Matthew P. Humphries, Stephanie G. Craig, Stephen McQuaid, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Jacqueline A. James
Summary: This study compared PCR-based microsatellite instability (MSI) testing and MMR protein immunohistochemistry (IHC) in colorectal cancer cases and found that both methods are equally proficient in establishing MMR/MSI status, but awareness of potential pitfalls is important. The choice of methodology may depend on available services and expertise.
Review
Oncology
Mary Kay Washington, Richard M. Goldberg, George J. Chang, Paul Limburg, Alfred K. Lam, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Mark J. Arends, Iris D. Nagtegaal, David S. Klimstra, Massimo Rugge, Peter Schirmacher, Alexander J. Lazar, Robert D. Odze, Fatima Carneiro, Masashi Fukayama, Ian A. Cree
Summary: The WHO Classification of Tumours provides international standards for classification and diagnosis, with the latest fifth edition going digital and including a series of books. This article summarizes major diagnostic innovations from the past decade that have been incorporated into the classification.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Lisa Browning, Eve Fryer, Derek Roskell, Kieron White, Richard Colling, Jens Rittscher, Clare Verrill
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has put pressure on our diagnostic services, and the use of digital pathology is on the rise globally, playing a role in maintaining diagnostic practices.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pathology
Lisa Browning, Richard Colling, Emad Rakha, Nasir Rajpoot, Jens Rittscher, Jacqueline A. James, Manuel Salto-Tellez, David R. J. Snead, Clare Verrill
Summary: The measures to control COVID-19 outbreak will likely continue until a suitable vaccine or treatment is found, impacting clinical services and research, with pathologists working remotely and changes to protocols and studies. Digital pathology and artificial intelligence may play a key role in safeguarding clinical services and pathology-based research in the current and future climate.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Sudhir B. Malla, David J. Fisher, Enric Domingo, Andrew Blake, Sylvana Hassanieh, Keara L. Redmond, Susan D. Richman, Michael Youdell, Steven M. Walker, Gemma E. Logan, Aikaterina Chatzipli, Raheleh Amirkhah, Matthew P. Humphries, Stephanie G. Craig, Ultan McDermott, Matthew T. Seymour, Dion G. Morton, Philip Quirke, Nicholas P. West, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Richard D. Kennedy, Patrick G. Johnston, Ian Tomlinson, Viktor H. Koelzer, Letitia Campo, Richard S. Kaplan, Daniel B. Longley, Mark Lawler, Timothy S. Maughan, Louise C. Brown, Philip D. Dunne
Summary: Positivity of DDIR does not predict improved response to oxaliplatin treatment in colorectal cancer, with DDIR-negative patients showing a trend towards better outcomes. The DDIR assay may have potential in identifying immune-rich tumors that could benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapies, beyond the current use of MSI status.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jun Li, Mercedes A. Duran, Ninjit Dhanota, Walid K. Chatila, Sarah E. Bettigole, John Kwon, Roshan K. Sriram, Matthew P. Humphries, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Jacqueline A. James, Matthew G. Hanna, Johannes C. Melms, Sreeram Vallabhaneni, Kevin Litchfield, Ieva Usaite, Dhruva Biswas, Rohan Bareja, Hao Wei Li, Maria Laura Martin, Princesca Dorsaint, Julie-Ann Cavallo, Peng Li, Chantal Pauli, Lee Gottesdiener, Benjamin J. DiPardo, Travis J. Hollmann, Taha Merghoub, Hannah Y. Wen, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Nadeem Riaz, Shin-San Michael Su, Anusha Kalbasi, Neil Vasan, Simon N. Powell, Jedd D. Wolchok, Olivier Elemento, Charles Swanton, Alexander N. Shoushtari, Eileen E. Parkes, Benjamin Izar, Samuel F. Bakhoum
Summary: ENPP1 promotes metastasis by degrading cGAMP, inhibiting immune cell infiltration, increasing metastatic potential, and inducing resistance to immunotherapy in chromosomally unstable tumors.
Article
Oncology
Fatima Abdullahi Sidi, Victoria Bingham, Stephanie G. Craig, Stephen McQuaid, Jacqueline James, Matthew P. Humphries, Manuel Salto-Tellez
Summary: The study demonstrates the usefulness of advanced computer software in helping pathologists assess routine tests for immunotherapy treatment. Multiplex testing can provide specific information from patient samples. The use of multiplex immunofluorescence and digital image analysis is effective in quantifying PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer and supports clinical workflows.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. P. Humphries, P. Maxwell, M. Salto-Tellez
Summary: QuPath, created at Queen's University Belfast, is the most widely used image analysis software program globally, addressing various needs in tissue-based image analysis and serving as the system of choice for researchers in scientific research.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jonathan W. J. Lee, Feng Zhu, Supriya Srivastava, Stephen Kk Tsao, Christopher Khor, Khek Yu Ho, Kwong Ming Fock, Wee Chian Lim, Tiing Leong Ang, Wan Cheng Chow, Jimmy Bok Yan So, Calvin J. Koh, Shijia Joy Chua, Andrew S. Y. Wong, Jaideepraj Rao, Lee Guan Lim, Khoon Lin Ling, Chung-King Chia, Choon Jin Ooi, Andrea Rajnakova, Wai Ming Yap, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Bow Ho, Richie Soong, Kee Seng Chia, Yik Ying Teo, Ming Teh, Khay-Guan Yeoh
Summary: This study found that gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a significant risk factor for early gastric neoplasia (EGN) in regions with low-intermediate incidence of gastric cancer. Based on the results, it is recommended that high-risk patients (OLGIM III-IV) undergo endoscopic surveillance every 2 years, and intermediate-risk patients (OLGIM II) every 5 years.
Article
Pathology
Abdo Alnabulsi, Tiehui Wang, Wei Pang, Marius Ionescu, Stephanie G. Craig, Matthew P. Humphries, Kris McCombe, Manuel Salto Tellez, Ayham Alnabulsi, Graeme Murray
Summary: A study developed an effective methodology to identify optimal biomarker combinations for the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. Six biomarkers were identified as the best combination in terms of prognostic power, and it was significantly associated with overall survival and independent of other clinicopathological parameters. The study also demonstrated the potential of this methodology for biomarker discovery in various biological and clinical studies.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Vivek Kumar Singh, Md Mostafa Kamal Sarker, Yasmine Makhlouf, Stephanie G. Craig, Matthew P. Humphries, Maurice B. Loughrey, Jacqueline A. James, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Paul O'Reilly, Perry Maxwell
Summary: In this study, a lightweight deep learning model called ICOSeg is proposed to accurately segment the immune-checkpoint biomarker ICOS protein in colon cancer immunohistochemistry slide patches. The proposed model utilizes a convolutional neural network and transformer to extract relevant features from immunohistochemistry images and performs segmentation using an encoder and decoder sub-network. Experimental results show that ICOSeg achieves better segmentation results compared to existing methods with a reduction in parameters.
Article
Pathology
Matthew Phillip Humphries, Victoria Bingham, Fatima Abdullah Sidi, Stephanie Craig, Beatrize Lara, Hesham El-daly, Nicole O'Doherty, Perry Maxwell, Claire Lewis, Stephen McQuaid, James Lyness, Jacqueline James, David R. J. Snead, Manuel Salto-Tellez
Summary: In this study, a validated protocol using multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) was described for the exploration of the molecular physiopathology of SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary disease. Validated assays originally developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in tissues were applied to map the adaptive immune response at protein and mRNA levels. The mIF panels showed robust, reliable, and quantifiable performance in detecting topographic variations in inflammation related to pathological processes in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pneumonia material.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Manuel Salto-Tellez, Jorge S. Reis-Filho
Article
Oncology
Sean P. Kennedy, Oliver Treacy, Emma H. Allott, Alex J. Eustace, Niamh Lynam-Lennon, Niamh Buckley, Tracy Robson
Summary: Innovation in both detection and treatment of cancer is crucial for improving therapeutic strategies, especially for patients with new or resistant variants of cancer. By advancing our understanding of cancer biology, early detection and novel therapeutic approaches can be informed, leading to a more comprehensive and thorough intervention on cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alice Geaney, Paul O'Reilly, Perry Maxwell, Jacqueline A. James, Darragh Mcart, Manuel Salto-Tellez
Summary: Digital pathology and artificial intelligence have transformed oncology research and cancer diagnostics, allowing for better interpretation of pathology images and improved quantitation of biomarkers. Different approaches of artificial intelligence can solve various problems in pathology workflows and have the potential to revolutionize clinical trials and create complex biomarkers for cancer patients.