Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Roos Achterbergh, Laureen A. Lammers, Heinz-Josef Klumpen, Ron A. A. Mathot, Johannes A. Romijn
Summary: This study found that a short-term, hypercaloric, high-fat diet increases the plasma levels of acetaminophen metabolites formed by the oxidation pathway, which may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Riccardo De Gioannis, Ann C. Ewald, Darius A. Gerlach, Karsten Heusser, Fabian Hoffmann, Petra Frings-Meuthen, Martina Heer, Jens Tank, Jens Jordan
Summary: This study tested the hypothesis that short-term hypercaloric dieting improves orthostatic tolerance. The results showed that 4 days of moderate hypercaloric nutrition did not significantly improve orthostatic tolerance in healthy individuals. However, considering the important interaction between energy balance and cardiovascular autonomic control in the brain, caloric intake deserves more attention as a potential contributor and treatment target for orthostatic intolerance.
CLINICAL AUTONOMIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuchen Sun, Bo Sun, Zhishen Wang, Yinfeng Lv, Qingquan Ma
Summary: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have various functions in metabolism and protein synthesis. The effects of low or high dietary BCAA on metabolic health are controversial due to different experimental conditions. This study in lean mice found that a diet without BCAA caused metabolic disorders, weight loss, and hormonal imbalances, while diets with supplemented BCAA improved lipid and glucose metabolism. Significant differences were observed between low and high dietary BCAA. These findings provide evidence and reference for understanding the effects of different BCAA levels in the long term.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Larissa Sarah Blau, Jan Gerber, Armin Finkel, Moritz Luetzow, Norbert Maassen, Magdalena Aleksandra Roehrich, Erik Hanff, Dimitrios Tsikas, Vladimir Shushakov, Mirja Jantz
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic nitrate supplementation on energy metabolism during high-intensity, high-volume intermittent training. 17 participants took part in the study and were supplemented with sodium nitrate or sodium chloride as a placebo. The results showed that nitrate supplementation did not reduce oxygen uptake or adenosine triphosphate resynthesis during exercise, but it did affect triglyceride concentrations and plasma ammonia levels.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Suresh Kumar, Nagarajan Perumal, P. K. Yadav, Ramendra Pati Pandey, Chung-Ming Chang, V. Samuel Raj
Summary: Current evidence suggests that a high-salt diet can alter gut ecology and accelerate the development of metabolic diseases. This study investigated the effects of short-term high-salt diet and antibiotic treatment on gut microbiota in mice. The results show that short-term high-salt diet significantly alters gut ecology and is associated with the development of metabolic disease-related inflammation. However, Amoxicillin treatment restores blood-biochemical markers to normal levels and reshapes gut microbiota, improving the pathophysiological features of metabolic disease-related inflammation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jaclyn E. Welles, Holly Lacko, Yuka Imamura Kawasawa, Michael D. Dennis, Leonard S. Jefferson, Scot R. Kimball
Summary: This study demonstrates that short-term consumption of a high fat/sucrose Western diet impacts hepatic gene expression and protein translation, potentially contributing to the development of hepatic steatosis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Helen E. Bradley, Colleen S. Deane, Adrian B. Hodgson, Michael Jones, Sophie Joanisse, Alice M. Turner, Leigh Breen, Andrew Philp, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: The study found that metabolic responses to steady-state aerobic exercise are somewhat resistant to short-term changes in dietary carbohydrate (CHO) intake within the 5-6.5 g CHO.kg(-1).day(-1) (46-61% energy intake) range. In contrast, reducing short-term dietary CHO intake to around 2.4 g CHO.kg(-1).day(-1) (21% energy intake) resulted in significant metabolic changes indicative of increased fat and decreased CHO metabolism during exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Justin Roberts, Dirk Dugdale-Duwell, Joseph Lillis, Jorge Marques Pinto, Ash Willmott, Shlomo Yeshurun, Merav Mor, Tjeu Souren
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the Lumen device's response to a high-carbohydrate meal under laboratory conditions and a short-term low- or high-carbohydrate diet in healthy volunteers. The results showed that the Lumen device detected a significant increase in expired %CO2 after the high-carbohydrate meal and may be useful in tracking mean weekly changes to acute dietary carbohydrate modifications.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pablo Vidal, Lisa A. Baer, Elisa Felix-Soriano, Felix T. Yang, Daniel A. Branch, Kedryn K. Baskin, Kristin Stanford
Summary: The prevalence of metabolic diseases is increasing, with diet being a major contributing factor. Exercise is effective in combating metabolic diseases. This study found that a high-fat diet impairs metabolic function, while a high-phosphate diet does not significantly affect glucose metabolism. Exercise can reverse the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet and restore metabolic function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathan Favalier, Vincent Veron, Michael Marchand, Anne Surget, Patrick Maunas, Nicolas Turonnet, Stephane Panserat, Lucie Marandel
Summary: The study found that glucose and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout were regulated by nutritional status in all sexes, regardless of carbohydrate intake. Short-term carbohydrate intake at low temperature did not induce specific metabolic changes in broodstock. Additionally, sex differences were demonstrated for the first time regarding the consequences of two days of feeding on glucose and lipid metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Andre Manook, Thomas C. Baghai, Marco Riebel, Caroline Nothdurfter, Jens Volkmar Schwarzbach, Andre Gessner, Rainer Rupprecht, Andreas Hiergeist
Summary: This study is the first human investigation of the gut microbiome with short-term etifoxine intervention. The results showed that etifoxine treatment had an effect on microbial features, leading to a reduction in the abundance of certain bacterial species. However, differences in diversity and compositional structure of the microbiome were more likely due to between-subject effects rather than medication.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniel de Luis, David Primo, Olatz Izaola, Juan Jose Lopez
Summary: Partial meal replacement (pMR) diet is an effective method to lose weight and improve metabolic parameters in patients with obesity and high fatty liver index (FLI).
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shimei Fu, Song Xue, Jun Chen, Shuai Shang, Hui Xiao, Yu Zang, Xuexi Tang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different short-term UV-B radiation on the growth, physiology, and metabolism of Porphyra haitanensis. It was found that UV-B radiation can lead to bleaching in the algae, while also increasing the contents of amino acids, sugars, proteins, and mycosporine-like amino acids. The metabolic profiles of P. haitanensis differed between control and UV-B-treated groups, with significant upregulation of various metabolites under UV-B exposure, suggesting an adaptive response mechanism to UV-B radiation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zhen-Hua Wu, Jing Yang, Lei Chen, Chuang Du, Qi Zhang, Shan-Shan Zhao, Xiao-Yu Wang, Yang Liu, Demin Cai, Jian Du, Hui-Xin Liu
Summary: Animal experiments and clinical cases have shown that a high-fat diet is involved in inflammatory bowel disease, but the specific mechanism is not fully clear. This study analyzed the metabolic profile of mice after short-term high-fat feeding and tested the vulnerability of colitis induced by a chemical agent. The results showed significant changes in fatty acid, amino acid, and bile acid metabolisms in the high-fat group compared to the control group. The high-fat diet also led to more severe colonic ulceration and histological damage in mice with induced colitis. Overall, this study suggests that high-fat diet may promote colitis by affecting metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory gene expressions.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Min Wei, Ting Li, Houkang Cao, Haiyan He, Chaoyue Yang, Yifan Yin, Huijie Lu, Petr Novak, Kefeng Zhang, Ya Gao
Summary: This study found that Scoparone (SCO) has significant hepatoprotective effects on liver injury induced by alcohol and high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. By regulating alcohol metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways, SCO can inhibit lipid accumulation, improve alcohol metabolism, reduce oxidative stress, and inhibit inflammatory response.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jackson Luker, Richard Woodman, David Schultz
Summary: This study describes the prevalence and annual incidence rates of MND in South Australia between 2017 and 2019. The results show that the crude prevalence and incidence of MND in South Australia were considerably higher than global estimates. This may reflect higher rates of the disease or higher rates of case ascertainment compared to the GBD project.
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Natalie C. Ward, Gerald F. Watts, Warrick Bishop, David Colquhoun, Christian Hamilton-Craig, David L. Hare, Nadarajah Kangaharan, Karam M. Kostner, Leonard Kritharides, Richard O'Brien, Trevor A. Mori, Paul J. Nestel, Stephen J. Nicholls, Natalie Raffoul, Harvey D. White, David R. Sullivan
Summary: This position statement provides guidance to cardiologists and related specialists on the management of adult patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. Elevated Lp(a) is an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Selective screening strategies of high-risk patients are recommended, but universal screening of the population is currently not advised. Testing for elevated Lp(a) is recommended in all patients with premature ASCVD and those considered to be at intermediate-to-high risk of ASCVD. Apheresis should be considered in patients with progressive ASCVD. New ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based therapies which directly lower Lp(a) are undergoing clinical trials.
HEART LUNG AND CIRCULATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessie S. Clark, Kathryn A. Dyer, Courtney R. Davis, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hebert, Richard Woodman, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Karen J. Murphy
Summary: Increasing evidence supports the association between a higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) score and inflammation, cardiovascular disease risk, events, and mortality. This randomized trial found that switching to a Mediterranean diet resulted in a significant reduction in the DII score in older Australian adults.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rajiv Ananthakrishna, Benita P. Rajvi, Diana E. Hancock, Feruza Kholmurodova, Richard J. Woodman, Sanjana Patil, Matthew Horsfall, Derek P. Chew, Noor Darinah Mohd Daril, Joseph B. Selvanayagam
Summary: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has a potential role in the evaluation of symptomatic patients with stable troponin elevation. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of CMR in this unique cohort and assess the long-term clinical outcomes. CMR was able to identify the cause for stable troponin elevation in 71% of patients and changed the referral diagnosis in 26% of patients. The utilization of CMR improved the net reclassification of patients with stable troponin elevation.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Reece De Zylva, Elissa Mortimer, Emma Miller, George Tsourtos, Sharon Lawn, Carlene Wilson, Jonathan Karnon, Richard Woodman, Paul Ward
Summary: The study aims to test the effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions and peer support in promoting smoking cessation and resilience among low socioeconomic status smokers. It is a 12-month randomized controlled trial with four intervention groups and includes various outcome measures such as smoking abstinence, resilience, social support, quality of life, self-efficacy, motivation to quit, nicotine dependence, equanimity, stress, and goal attainment. This study is crucial for addressing the health issues of low socioeconomic status smokers.
ADDICTION SCIENCE & CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marcio Galindo Kiuchi, Revathy Carnagarin, Carl Schultz, Sharad Shetty, Natalie C. Ward, Carlos Eduardo Santos, Markus P. Schlaich
Summary: This article reviews interventional peripheral neuromodulatory approaches, such as catheter-based renal denervation (RDN), for reducing blood pressure. It discusses the importance of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension and the efficacy of various interventional technologies like RDN in managing high blood pressure. The recent consensus statement by the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions highlights RDN as a supplementary treatment option for patients with uncontrolled resistant hypertension. Additionally, long-term safety and efficacy have been demonstrated for RDN, making it a valuable therapeutic choice for patients unlikely to adhere to long-term antihypertensive drug treatment.
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Janis M. Nolde, Jing Pang, Dick C. Chan, Natalie C. Ward, Ajmal Mian, Markus P. Schlaich, Gerald F. Watts
HEART LUNG AND CIRCULATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kevin E. E. Boczar, Rob S. S. Beanlands, Steven J. J. Glassman, Jerry Wang, Wanzhen Zeng, Robert A. A. deKemp, Natalie C. C. Ward, Christophe A. A. Fehlmann, George A. A. Wells, Jacob Karsh, Girish Dwivedi
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in central vascular inflammation and myocardial blood flow reserve in patients with PsA and/or PsO after 6 months of treatment with biologic agents compared to those treated with non-biologic therapy and controls.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Catherine P. Bondonno, Liezhou Zhong, Nicola P. Bondonno, Marc Sim, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Alex Liu, Anjana Rajendra, Pratik Pokharel, Dorit W. Erichsen, Oliver Neubauer, Kevin D. Croft, Jonathan M. Hodgson
Summary: Vegetables, meat, and water are the main sources of dietary nitrate, which has been regulated and monitored due to concerns over cancer risk. However, evidence suggests that nitrate from vegetables can actually protect against cardiovascular disease and other chronic illnesses. The potential formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines from nitrate is still a concern.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chad Yixian Han, Yogesh Sharma, Alison Yaxley, Claire Baldwin, Richard Woodman, Michelle Miller
Summary: This study aimed to examine the effect of an individualized hospital to home, exercise-nutrition self-managed intervention for pre-frail and frail hospitalized older adults. The results showed that participants in the intervention group had a significantly greater reduction in frailty status, improved physical function, cognition, mood, and health-related quality of life compared to the control group.
CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS IN AGING
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Adilah F. Ahmad, Jose A. Caparros-Martin, Silvia Lee, Fergal O'Gara, Bu B. Yeap, Daniel J. Green, Mohammed Ballal, Natalie C. Ward, Girish Dwivedi
Summary: This observational cohort study found that there were no significant differences in gut bacterial diversity between obese patients before and after bariatric surgery compared to a healthy control group. However, there were differences in the abundance of certain bacterial groups between the two cohorts. Additionally, the study observed changes in the levels of specific short chain fatty acids and soluble CD14 and CD163 in obese patients before and after surgery compared to healthy controls.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shauna Madigan, Yasmina Tashkent, Sharad Trehan, Kate Muller, Alan Wigg, Richard Woodman, Jeyamani Ramachandran
Summary: Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a common clinical syndrome in patients with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis, characterized by organ failures and high mortality. Liver transplantation (LT) is an important treatment to improve survival, but alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a barrier to LT assessment.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Richard J. Woodman, Arduino A. Mangoni
Summary: The increasing access to health data worldwide is driving a resurgence in machine learning research, including data-hungry deep learning algorithms. More computationally efficient algorithms now offer unique opportunities to enhance diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualised approaches to patient management. Clinical tools that utilise machine learning algorithms to determine the optimal choice of treatment are slowly gaining the necessary approval from governing bodies and being implemented into healthcare, with significant implications for virtually all medical disciplines during the next phase of digital medicine.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jean M. Winter, Kathryn J. Cornthwaite, Graeme P. Young, Carlene Wilson, Gang Chen, Richard Woodman, Michelle Coats, Robert Fraser, Charles Cock, Peter Bampton, Erin L. Symonds
Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine the safety, cost-effectiveness, and patient acceptance of extending colonoscopy surveillance intervals using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for individuals at elevated risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Participants with a low FIT result will be randomized to either continue surveillance colonoscopy as scheduled or delay it by 1 or 2 years. The primary endpoint is the incidence of advanced neoplasia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
