Article
Immunology
Amos C. Lee, Yunjin Jeong, Sumin Lee, Haewook Jang, Allen Zheng, Sunghoon Kwon, John E. Repine
Summary: During the pandemic, IFN-beta has been identified as a potential prophylactic or early intervention for respiratory viral infections, providing an immediate intervention for new emerging viruses. IFN-beta prophylaxis has the potential to limit the spread and consequences of emerging respiratory viral infections in at-risk individuals while vaccines are being developed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Loreen Weichert, Henning Peter Duesedau, David Fritzsch, Sarah Schreier, Annika Scharf, Martina Grashoff, Kristin Cebulski, Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse, Christian Erck, Stefan Lienenklaus, Ildiko Rita Dunay, Andrea Kroeger
Summary: This study demonstrates that neurons do not rely on IRF7 for cell-intrinsic antiviral resistance and IFN-I induction during infection with the neurotropic Langat virus. However, astrocytes depend on IRF7 to establish a cell-autonomous antiviral response and show a high IFN-I production in the absence of IRF7.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Virology
Kwang Il Jung, Savannah McKenna, Vijayamahantesh Vijayamahantesh, Ying He, Bumsuk Hahm
Summary: This article summarizes the role and response of type I interferons after virus infections, emphasizing their protective immune responses and potential negative effects such as inflammation and immune suppression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paola S. Apaolaza, Diana Balcacean, Jose Zapardiel-Gonzalo, Grace Nelson, Nataliya Lenchik, Pouria Akhbari, Ivan Gerling, Sarah J. Richardson, Teresa Rodriguez-Calvo
Summary: The study reveals the presence of IFN response markers in the islets of T1D patients, which may lead to inflammation and impair beta cell function. Therapeutic interventions targeting the elimination of persistent infections and reduction of inflammation are crucial for individuals with T1D.
Review
Immunology
Isabelle Meyts, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Summary: The study reveals a greater redundancy of human type I interferons for protective immunity to viruses in natural conditions than initially anticipated, while mouse type I interferons are essential for protection against a broad range of viruses in experimental settings. Various type I interferon-independent mechanisms of human cell-intrinsic immunity to viruses have yet to be discovered.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Barkha Ramnani, Praveen Manivannan, Sarah Jaggernauth, Krishnamurthy Malathi
Summary: Host response to viral infection involves production of IFN and induction of interferon-stimulated genes, including the key antiviral effector OAS/RNase L pathway. ABCE1 transporter, identified as an inhibitor of RNase L, regulates RNase L activity and autophagy during viral infections, potentially affecting antiviral effects.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Louise Dalskov, Hans Henrik Gad, Rune Hartmann
Summary: Interferons are antiviral cytokines that are essential in the innate immune response to viral infections. They are produced and released by cells in response to viral stimuli, and induce the transcription of numerous genes in neighboring cells. These gene products either directly combat the viral infection or contribute to shaping the immune response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yeon-Su Lee, Xiaoyong Bao, Hwi-Ho Lee, Jiyoung Joan Jang, Enkhjin Saruuldalai, Gaeul Park, Wonkyun Ronny Im, Jong-Lyul Park, Seon-Young Kim, Sooyong Shin, Sung Ho Jeon, Sangmin Kang, Hyun-Sung Lee, Ju-Seog Lee, Ke Zhang, Eun Jung Park, In-Hoo Kim, Yong Sun Lee
Summary: The noncoding RNA nc886 acts as a novel suppressor for the IFN-beta signaling and inflammation by inhibiting the activation of IRF3, NF-kappa B, and AP-1 through inhibiting PKR. This leads to decreased expression of IFN-beta and IFN-stimulated genes. Its role is to restrict the IFN-beta signaling from hyperactivation, which may explain the variability of innate immune responses to pathogens based on biological settings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Rita Fumagalli, Stefano Zapperi, Caterina A. M. La Porta
Summary: Bats have the ability to coexist with viruses by regulating their body temperature variations between day and night, which prevents viral escape and makes the system more robust.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Vinit Upasani, Izabela Rodenhuis-Zybert, Tineke Cantaert
Summary: The functions of B cells independent of antibodies, such as cytokine production and antigen presentation, play important roles in both acute and chronic viral infections. They produce both anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and as professional antigen presenting cells, they are involved in immune regulation and shaping adaptive immune responses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sayuri Sakuragi, Huanan Liao, Kodai Yajima, Shigeyoshi Fujiwara, Hiroyuki Nakamura
Summary: This study reveals that the type I interferon immune response is crucial in controlling rubella virus gene expression and replication in human neural cells. Rubella virus infection induces IFN-beta production and increases the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). The induction of IFN-beta mRNA in response to rubella virus requires the involvement of cytoplasmic retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). Blocking IFN-alpha/beta receptor subunit 2 (IFNAR2) or repressing mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) expression attenuates rubella virus-induced upregulation of ISGs. Moreover, treatment with a TBK1/IKKε inhibitor, BX-795, reduces ISG expression in rubella virus-infected cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Magdalena Widziolek, Klaudia Janik, Miriam Mojzesz, Niedharsan Pooranachandran, Mikolaj Adamek, Anna Pecio, Win Surachetpong, Jean-Pierre Levraud, Pierre Boudinot, Magdalena Chadzinska, Krzysztof Rakus
Summary: This study demonstrated the susceptibility of zebrafish larvae to Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection, resulting in high mortality and visible pathological abnormalities. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of immune-related genes upon TiLV infection, and the protective role of recombinant zebrafish IFN phi 1 in the survival of infected larvae. These findings highlight the importance of type I interferon response during TiLV infection in zebrafish larvae, establishing zebrafish as a valuable model to study interactions between TiLV and fish hosts.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Hongyun Wang, Jiangpeng Feng, Cong Zeng, Jiejie Liu, Zhiying Fu, Dehe Wang, Yafen Wang, Lu Zhang, Jiali Li, Ao Jiang, Miao He, Yuanyuan Cao, Kun Yan, Hao Tang, Deyin Guo, Ke Xu, Xiang Zhou, Li Zhou, Ke Lan, Yu Zhou, Yu Chen
Summary: NSUN2, a typical m(5)C methyltransferase, negatively regulates type I interferon responses during various viral infections by mediating m(5)C methylation of IRF3 mRNA and accelerating its degradation. Knockout or knockdown of NSUN2 enhances type I interferon and downstream ISGs during viral infection in vitro. Moreover, various viral infections decrease endogenous levels of NSUN2, further increasing type I interferon and downstream ISGs.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Review
Virology
Sergey Brezgin, Anastasiya Kostyusheva, Ekaterina Bayurova, Elena Volchkova, Vladimir Gegechkori, Ilya Gordeychuk, Dieter Glebe, Dmitry Kostyushev, Vladimir Chulanov
Summary: Studying and utilizing virus-host interactions are crucial for developing antiviral agents and mitigating the severity of virus-borne infectious diseases, in which CRISPR systems have played a significant role.
Article
Virology
Dhiviya Vedagiri, Divya Gupta, Anurag Mishra, Gayathri Krishna, Meenakshi Bhaskar, Vishal Sah, Anirban Basu, Debasis Nayak, Manjula Kalia, Mohanan Valiya Veettil, Krishnan Harinivas Harshan
Summary: RLRs play a crucial role in sensing viral RNA and activating type I IFNs. This study reveals a novel mechanism of Snail transcriptional regulation during RNA viral infections, indicating its role in antiviral response. Snail regulates the RLR pathway and enhances antiviral functions, offering insights into potential coregulation of innate antiviral pathways by RLRs.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)