Article
Soil Science
Matthew H. H. Fischel, Cathy E. Clarke, Donald L. Sparks
Summary: Manganese-oxides are strong sorbents and oxidants that occur in trace amounts in soils as coatings and crusts. The microscale mineralogy of these manganese phases in soils and concretions is not well known. This study collected soils and concretions from South Africa to determine the mineralogy. X-ray diffraction showed the dominance of lithiophorite and the presence of todorokite in less altered soils, while more altered soils were enriched in gibbsite and birnessite. Synchrotron XRF mapping provided insights into the mechanisms stabilizing manganese and iron. The mu XRD revealed a mineralogical gradient across a concretion transect, with birnessite in the outermost layer and other minerals becoming more abundant in the middle layers.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. S. J. Mendez, F. Trybel, R. J. Husband, G. Steinle-Neumann, H-P Liermann, H. Marquardt
Summary: Through experiments conducted under high pressure conditions, researchers found three major compression behavior changes of H2O at 35-40, 50-55, and 90-110 GPa, corresponding to the formation of ice VII and ice X. The results confirm that ice X has a very high bulk modulus.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yuxiao Li, Jiawei Huang, Duan Fan, Lei Lu, Bingbing Zhang, Tao Zhong, Bo Dai, Siwei Zhang, Ye Tao, Yiyang Zhang, Sen Chen, Sheng-Nian Luo
Summary: In this study, deformation twinning in single-crystal Mg under different tension directions and high strain rates was investigated using in situ, time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The findings reveal the mechanism and deformation anisotropy of extension twinning in Mg, which is important for understanding the deformation behavior of Mg.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Burak Guzelturk, Thomas Winkler, Tim W. J. Van de Goor, Matthew D. Smith, Sean A. Bourelle, Sascha Feldmann, Mariano Trigo, Samuel W. Teitelbaum, Hans-Georg Steinruck, Gilberto A. de la Pena, Roberto Alonso-Mori, Diling Zhu, Takahiro Sato, Hemamala Karunadasa, Michael F. Toney, Felix Deschler, Aaron M. Lindenberg
Summary: Diffuse X-ray scattering with femtosecond resolution reveals the formation and relaxation of polaronic distortions in halide perovskites. These structural changes are quantified and correlated to transient changes in carrier effective mass.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. C. Stinville, W. Ludwig, P. G. Callahan, M. P. Echlin, V. Valle, T. M. Pollock, H. Proudhon
Summary: This study enables imaging of bulk slip events within the 3D microstructure through the combined use of X-ray diffraction contrast tomography and topotomography. Correlative measurements were performed using various methods to validate the observation of slip events and significant differences were found between bulk and surface grains, highlighting the need for 3D observations to better understand deformation in polycrystalline materials.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Antonis Vamvakeros, Dorota Matras, Thomas E. Ashton, Alan A. Coelho, Hongyang Dong, Dustin Bauer, Yaroslav Odarchenko, Stephen W. T. Price, Keith T. Butler, Olof Gutowski, Ann-Christin Dippel, Martin von Zimmerman, Jawwad A. Darr, Simon D. M. Jacques, Andrew M. Beale
Summary: Synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction computed tomography has been employed to investigate the cycling performance of commercial cylindrical Li-ion batteries for the first time, showing its potential in detecting internal battery structure and chemical composition.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Sven E. Gustafson, Darren C. Pagan, Paul A. Shade, Michael D. Sangid
Summary: Elastic micromechanical fields of a nickel-based superalloy polycrystal are tracked using high energy X-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) to determine intragranular deformation metrics during cyclic high temperature loading. Results show that elevated temperatures lead to complex interactions among grains, with greater recovery observed at higher temperatures.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
M. T. Beason, B. J. Jensen
Summary: This work presents experiments examining the phase evolution of high purity Sn following shock and release. The results show that Sn releases to states between solid and liquid under uniaxial loading, and the increase of liquid Sn reduces the solid fraction.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Shinobu Aoyagi, Ayumi Aoyagi, Hiroaki Takeda, Hitoshi Osawa, Kazushi Sumitani, Yasuhiko Imai, Shigeru Kimura
Summary: Lead-containing relaxor ferroelectrics exhibit significant piezoelectric capabilities due to their heterogeneous structures. Time-resolved nanobeam X-ray diffraction reveals the local lattice strain and Bragg intensity distributions under an alternating electric field, demonstrating the presence of nanodomains with different responses within the measured local area. The dynamic motion of nanodomains in the heterogeneous structure enables large piezoelectric lattice strain and fatigue-free ferroelectric polarization switching.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sergey Sumnikov, Ivan A. Bobrikov, Igor S. Golovin, Anatoly M. Balagurov
Summary: The crystal structure of bulk quenched Fe-27Ga alloy was studied using high-resolution neutron and X-ray diffraction to determine phase distribution. The presence of additional phases B2 and A2, in addition to the ordered D0(3) phase, was observed in the surface layer.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xi Shi, Udo Eckstein, Yizhe Li, David Hall, Neamul H. Khansur
Summary: In situ, spatially-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the electric field-induced phase transformation of nonergodic relaxor 0.93Na(1/2)Bi(1/2)TiO(3)-0.07BaTiO(3) ceramics. The study found that the copper electrode side coated by aerosol deposition exhibited more significant lattice strain and domain texture compared to the platinum side deposited by sputter deposition.
JOURNAL OF MATERIOMICS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jan Schultheiss, Lukas Porz, Lalitha Kodumudi Venkataraman, Marion Hoefling, Can Yildirim, Phil Cook, Carsten Detlefs, Semen Gorfman, Juergen Roedel, Hugh Simons
Summary: Crystallographic twins play a critical role in the properties of various materials, and a new method based on dark-field X-ray microscopy has been introduced to quantify the density of nanotwins in millimeter-sized samples. This method enables the direct mapping and quantification of nanoscale structural changes, providing key insights for controlling and engineering material performance at nanometric scales.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tsutomu Kanno, Hiromasa Tamaki, Masato Yoshiya, Hiroshi Uchiyama, Sachiko Maki, Masaki Takata, Yuzuru Miyazaki
Summary: A study on Mg3Sb2 revealed it to be heavily disordered with Frenkel defects and charge-neutral defect complexes. This compound exhibits exotic n-type dopability and a deviation from the standard temperature dependency in terms of thermal conductivity.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mari Mizusawa, Kenji Sakurai
Summary: X-ray diffraction imaging provides a new method for studying lattice distortion in materials, allowing real-time analysis and observation of samples with varying hardness.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiangsi Liu, Yong Cheng, Yu Su, Fucheng Ren, Jun Zhao, Ziteng Liang, Bizhu Zheng, Jingwen Shi, Ke Zhou, Yuxuan Xiang, Jianming Zheng, Ming-Sheng Wang, Jianyu Huang, Minhua Shao, Yong Yang
Summary: Layered nickel-rich materials have been considered promising cathode candidates for solid-state batteries, but they suffer from low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle stability at high cutoff potentials. This study investigates the bulk structure evolution of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material in solid-state batteries and reveals the crucial role of surface chemistry in the degradation mechanism and performance enhancement. The results demonstrate that surface coating not only suppresses interfacial side reactions but also eliminates sluggish phase, leading to improved performance.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Matthew Northam, Quentin Fouliard, Lin Rossmann, Jun-Sang Park, Peter Kenesei, Jonathan Almer, Vaishak Viswanathan, Bryan Harder, Seetha Raghavan
Summary: The current standard application method for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on turbine blades for jet engines is electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). An emerging deposition method, plasma-spray physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD), offers a faster and less expensive alternative with a tailorable microstructure. By comparing lifetime behavior of both coatings, it was found that PS-PVD coatings showed greater variation in in-plane room temperature strain in the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer after cycling, while both coatings exhibited similar high-temperature strain and no spallation after 600 thermal cycles. Microscopy imaging showed that PS-PVD coatings had more rumpling and different failure modes in the TGO layer compared to EB-PVD coatings. The tailorability of PS-PVD coatings enables adjustments to improve overall performance and bridge the differences between the two deposition methods.
JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Zhang, Haoren Wang, Xinyi Wang, Qin Yu, Chaoyi Zhu, Mingjie Xu, Shiteng Zhao, Rui Kou, Xin Wang, Benjamin E. MacDonald, Roger C. Reed, Kenneth S. Vecchio, Penghui Cao, Timothy J. Rupert, Enrique J. Lavernia
Summary: A new class of non-equiatomic NbTaTi-based refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) with excellent cold-workability and high strength at elevated temperatures has been reported. These RHEAs can be cold-rolled to a reduction of over 90% without any surface treatment or intermediate annealing. They also exhibit considerable ductility at cryogenic conditions, overcoming the traditional strength-ductility trade-off. This class of super-formable RHEAs provides a novel design pathway for energy- and time-saving fabrication of high-temperature structural materials.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Zhang, Qin Yu, Yuanbo T. Tang, Mingjie Xu, Haoren Wang, Chaoyi Zhu, Jon Ell, Shiteng Zhao, Benjamin E. MacDonald, Penghui Cao, Julie M. Schoenung, Kenneth S. Vecchio, Roger C. Reed, Robert O. Ritchie, Enrique J. Lavernia
Summary: This research reports on a non-equiatomic, heterostructured high-entropy alloy FeNiCoAlTaB that exhibits remarkable combinations of mechanical properties across a wide temperature range. The alloy achieves its behavior by activating multiple individual mechanisms at different temperatures, providing a methodology for designing and fabricating multifunctional high-entropy alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiangyu Sun, Dung-Yi Wu, Minju Kang, K. T. Ramesh, Laszlo J. Kecskes
Summary: This study examined the competition between precipitation and grain-size refinement during equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE), and validated the utility of ECAE in high-strength Mg alloy engineering.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Dung-Yi Wu, Chengyun Miao, Christopher S. DiMarco, K. T. Ramesh, Todd C. Hufnagel
Summary: Designing aluminum alloys for spall resistance involves understanding the active failure mechanisms under dynamic loading. This study uses a high-throughput laser-driven micro-flyer plate impact technique to investigate the spall failure of aluminum alloy Al7085-T711 and its microstructure. The results show that the spall strength of Al7085-T711 increases with increasing strain rate and peak shock stress. Incipient spall voids primarily initiate at Al7Cu2Fe second-phase particles. Eliminating these particles significantly improves the spall strength, suggesting the potential for improved spall resistance in commercial alloys.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sh. Akhondzadeh, Minju Kang, Ryan B. Sills, K. T. Ramesh, Wei Cai
Summary: A long-standing challenge in computational materials science is to establish a quantitative connection between macroscopic properties of plastic deformation and microscopic mechanisms of dislocations in crystalline materials. This study provides direct comparisons between stress-strain curves obtained from miniaturized bar experiments and those from discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) simulations. The DDD simulations show good agreement with experimental results, but the required dislocation mobility values are significantly lower than expected. Cross-slip of screw dislocations is also found to be necessary to capture the experimental stress-strain behavior.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ju-Chen Chia, Jiapei Yan, Maryam Rahmati Ishka, Marta Marie Faulkner, Eli Simons, Rong Huang, Louisa Smieska, Arthur Woll, Ryan Tappero, Andrew Kiss, Chen Jiao, Zhangjun Fei, Leon Kochian, Elsbeth Walker, Miguel Pineros, Olena K. Vatamaniuk
Summary: Arabidopsis OPT3 transports Cu and Fe into phloem companion cells and plays a role in systemic signaling of Cu and Fe deficiencies.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kevin Kaufmann, Emma Wenger, Kenneth Vecchio
Summary: The mechanical properties of rocksalt transition metal ceramics are strongly influenced by their valence electron concentration (VEC), with materials having VEC values between 9 and 10 generally exhibiting superior ductility and hardness. This study focuses on stabilizing Group-VIB carbides as room-temperature B1 structures through the addition of vanadium and correlating the VEC with nanoindentation measurements. The research thoroughly explores and verifies the minimum atom percent of vanadium required to form a single-phase B1 carbide using XRD, EDS, and EBSD techniques.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiacheng Ge, Peng Luo, Zhenduo Wu, Wentao Zhang, Sinan Liu, Si Lan, Jonathan D. Almer, Yang Ren, Xun-Li Wang, Weihua Wang
Summary: Studying the flow behavior of amorphous solids is crucial for understanding their deformation mechanism, but detecting basic flow events in these materials is challenging. Using simultaneous SAXS/WAXS experiments, researchers have identified elementary flow carriers in wound metallic glasses, with a radius of gyration ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 nm, based on flow-induced structural heterogeneities. The size of these carriers increases and their morphology changes from spherical to rod-like during flow. Additionally, the atomic structure undergoes an unusual change to a more disordered state during winding/annealing at a temperature around 0.8 Tg. This work provides an atomic-to-nanoscale description of flow carriers in amorphous solids during deformation.
MATERIALS RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiao Liu, Kenneth Vecchio
Summary: Heterogeneous lamella (HL) structures were created in a FeCoNi-based complex concentrated alloy (CCA) with superalloy-like FCC/L1(2) microstructure through simple processing steps. Compared to the homogeneous-structured control specimens, the HL-structured specimens exhibited simultaneous improvements in strength and ductility (with s(y) up to 1 GPa, s(u) up to 1.4 GPa, and e(t) up to 16.5%), along with higher saturation magnetization and lower coercivity (with M-s up to 104 Am-2 kg(-1) and H-c as low as 833 A/m). This study provides insights on enhancing the mechanical properties of structural soft magnetic materials without compromising their magnetic properties.
MATERIALS RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Davide G. Sangiovanni, Kevin Kaufmann, Kenneth Vecchio
Summary: High-entropy carbides (HECs) have attracted considerable interest due to their high hardness and tunable mechanical and physical properties. The resistance to fracture of refractory HECs is correlated with their valence electron concentration (VEC).
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yunho Kim, Minju Kang, Gary Simpson, Matthew Shaeffer, Justin Moreno, Daniel Magagnosc, L. J. Kecskes, J. T. Lloyd, K. T. Ramesh
Summary: This study investigates the behavior of magnesium alloys under high-speed impact through experiments and simulations. The experiments reveal the formation of a non-isotropic debris cloud after impact and rupture, which is influenced by the projectile material and impact velocity. The simulations show good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the anisotropic strength response of magnesium plays a significant role in the formation of the debris cloud.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gary Simpson, Justin Moreno, Matthew Shaeffer, K. T. Ramesh
Summary: Hypervelocity impacts pose a significant threat in low-earth orbit and hypersonic flight applications. This study investigates the structure and characteristics of the impact flash generated by 3 km/s spherical projectile impacts on structural metals through experiments, demonstrating the coupling between early-stage mechanisms and later-stage ejection mechanisms.
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Ahmed Alshareef, Phillip V. Bayly, Andrew K. Knutsen, Kshitiz Upadhyay, Ruth J. Okamoto, Aaron Carass, John A. Butman, Dzung L. Pham, Jerry L. Prince, K. T. Ramesh, Curtis L. Johnson
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2022)