☆ 4.5 Article

The response of CR-39 nuclear track detector to 1-9 MeV protons

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (2011)

Journal

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS

Volume 82, Issue 10, Pages -

Publisher

AMER INST PHYSICS

DOI: 10.1063/1.3653549

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Categories

Instruments & Instrumentation Physics, Applied

Funding

National Laser Users' Facility (DOE) [DE-NA0000877]
Fusion Science Center [415023-G]
U. S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) [DE-FG03-03SF22691]
Laboratory for Laser Energetics [412160-001G]
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [B504974]
General Atomics under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA27279]

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Abstract

The response of CR-39 nuclear track detector (TasTrak (R)) to protons in the energy range of 0.92-9.28 MeV has been studied. Previous studies of the CR-39 response to protons have been extended by examining the piece-to-piece variability in addition to the effects of etch time and etchant temperature; it is shown that the shape of the CR-39 response curve to protons can vary from piece-to-piece. Effects due to the age of CR-39 have also been studied using 5.5 MeV alpha particles over a 5-year period. Track diameters were found to degrade with the age of the CR-39 itself rather than the age of the tracks, consistent with previous studies utilizing different CR-39 over shorter time periods. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3653549]

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Kraus, W. Krauser, J. D. Kress, A. L. Kritcher, E. Krieger, J. J. Kroll, W. L. Kruer, M. K. G. Kruse, S. Kucheyev, M. Kumbera, S. Kumpan, J. Kunimune, B. Kustowski, T. J. T. Kwan, G. A. Kyrala, S. Laffite, M. Lafon, K. LaFortune, B. Lahmann, B. Lairson, O. L. Landen, J. Langenbrunner, L. Lagin, T. Land, M. Lane, D. Laney, A. B. Langdon, S. H. Langer, A. Langro, N. E. Lanier, T. E. Lanier, D. Larson, B. F. Lasinski, D. Lassle, D. LaTray, G. Lau, N. Lau, C. Laumann, A. Laurence, T. A. Laurence, J. Lawson, H. P. Le, R. R. Leach, L. Leal, A. Leatherland, K. LeChien, B. Lechleiter, A. Lee, M. Lee, T. Lee, R. J. Leeper, E. Lefebvre, J-P Leidinger, B. LeMire, R. W. Lemke, N. C. Lemos, S. Le Pape, R. Lerche, S. Lerner, S. Letts, K. Levedahl, T. Lewis, C. K. Li, H. Li, J. Li, W. Liao, Z. M. Liao, D. Liedahl, J. Liebman, G. Lindford, E. L. Lindman, J. D. Lindl, H. Loey, R. A. London, F. Long, E. N. Loomis, F. E. Lopez, H. Lopez, E. Losbanos, S. Loucks, R. Lowe-Webb, E. Lundgren, A. P. Ludwigsen, R. Luo, J. Lusk, R. Lyons, T. Ma, Y. Macallop, M. J. MacDonald, B. J. MacGowan, J. M. Mack, A. J. Mackinnon, S. A. MacLaren, A. G. MacPhee, G. R. Magelssen, J. Magoon, R. M. Malone, T. Malsbury, R. Managan, R. Mancini, K. Manes, D. Maney, D. Manha, O. M. Mannion, A. M. Manuel, E. Mapoles, G. Mara, T. Marcotte, E. Marin, M. M. Marinak, C. Mariscal, D. A. Mariscal, E. F. Mariscal, E. Marley, J. A. Marozas, R. Marquez, C. D. Marshall, F. J. Marshall, M. Marshall, S. Marshall, J. Marticorena, D. Martinez, I Maslennikov, D. Mason, R. J. Mason, L. Masse, W. Massey, P-E Masson-Laborde, N. D. Masters, D. Mathisen, E. Mathison, J. Matone, M. J. Matthews, C. Mattoon, T. R. Mattsson, K. Matzen, C. W. Mauche, M. Mauldin, T. McAbee, M. McBurney, T. Mccarville, R. L. McCrory, A. M. McEvoy, C. McGuffey, M. Mcinnis, P. McKenty, M. S. McKinley, J. B. McLeod, A. McPherson, B. Mcquillan, M. Meamber, K. D. Meaney, N. B. Meezan, R. Meissner, T. A. Mehlhorn, N. C. Mehta, J. Menapace, F. E. Merrill, B. T. Merritt, E. C. Merritt, D. D. Meyerhofer, S. Mezyk, R. J. Mich, P. A. Michel, D. Milam, C. Miller, D. Miller, D. S. Miller, E. Miller, E. K. Miller, J. Miller, M. Miller, P. E. Miller, T. Miller, W. Miller, V Miller-Kamm, M. Millot, J. L. Milovich, P. Minner, J-L Miquel, S. Mitchell, K. Molvig, R. C. Montesanti, D. S. Montgomery, M. Monticelli, A. Montoya, J. D. Moody, A. S. Moore, E. Moore, M. Moran, J. C. Moreno, K. Moreno, B. E. Morgan, T. Morrow, J. W. Morton, E. Moses, K. Moy, R. Muir, M. S. Murillo, J. E. Murray, J. R. Murray, D. H. Munro, T. J. Murphy, F. M. Munteanu, J. Nafziger, T. Nagayama, S. R. Nagel, R. Nast, R. A. Negres, A. Nelson, D. Nelson, J. Nelson, S. Nelson, S. Nemethy, P. Neumayer, K. Newman, M. Newton, H. Nguyen, J-M G. Di Nicola, P. Di Nicola, C. Niemann, A. Nikroo, P. M. Nilson, A. Nobile, V Noorai, R. Nora, M. Norton, M. Nostrand, V Note, S. Novell, P. F. Nowak, A. Nunez, R. A. Nyholm, M. O'Brien, A. Oceguera, J. A. Oertel, J. Okui, B. Olejniczak, J. Oliveira, P. Olsen, B. Olson, K. Olson, R. E. Olson, Y. P. Opachich, N. Orsi, C. D. Orth, M. Owen, S. Padalino, E. Padilla, R. Paguio, S. Paguio, J. Paisner, S. Pajoom, A. Pak, S. Palaniyappan, K. Palma, T. Pannell, F. Papp, D. Paras, T. Parham, H-S Park, A. Pasternak, S. Patankar, M. Patel, P. K. Patel, R. Patterson, S. Patterson, B. Paul, M. Paul, E. Pauli, O. T. Pearce, J. Pearcy, B. Pedrotti, A. Peer, L. J. Pelz, B. Penetrante, J. Penner, A. Perez, L. J. Perkins, E. Pernice, T. S. Perry, S. Person, D. Petersen, T. Petersen, D. L. Peterson, E. B. Peterson, J. E. Peterson, J. L. Peterson, K. Peterson, R. R. Peterson, R. D. Petrasso, F. Philippe, T. J. Phipps, E. Piceno, Y. Ping, L. Pickworth, J. Pino, R. Plummer, G. D. Pollack, S. M. Pollaine, B. B. Pollock, D. Ponce, J. Ponce, J. Pontelandolfo, J. L. Porter, J. Post, O. Poujade, C. Powell, H. Powell, G. Power, M. Pozulp, M. Prantil, M. Prasad, S. Pratuch, S. Price, K. Primdahl, S. Prisbrey, R. Procassini, A. Pruyne, B. Pudliner, S. R. Qiu, K. Quan, M. Quinn, J. Quintenz, P. B. Radha, F. Rainer, J. E. Ralph, K. S. Raman, R. Raman, P. Rambo, S. Rana, A. Randewich, D. Rardin, M. Ratledge, N. Ravelo, F. Ravizza, M. Rayce, A. Raymond, B. Raymond, B. Reed, C. Reed, S. Regan, B. Reichelt, V Reis, S. Reisdorf, V Rekow, B. A. Remington, A. Rendon, W. Requieron, M. Rever, H. Reynolds, J. Reynolds, J. Rhodes, M. Rhodes, M. C. Richardson, B. Rice, N. G. Rice, R. Rieben, A. Rigatti, S. Riggs, H. G. Rinderknecht, K. Ring, B. Riordan, R. Riquier, C. Rivers, D. Roberts, V Roberts, G. Robertson, H. F. Robey, J. Robles, P. Rocha, G. Rochau, J. Rodriguez, S. Rodriguez, M. Rosen, M. Rosenberg, G. Ross, J. S. Ross, P. Ross, J. Rouse, D. Rovang, A. M. Rubenchik, M. S. Rubery, C. L. Ruiz, M. Rushford, B. Russ, J. R. Rygg, B. S. Ryujin, R. A. Sacks, R. F. Sacks, K. Saito, T. Salmon, J. D. Salmonson, J. Sanchez, S. Samuelson, M. Sanchez, C. Sangster, A. Saroyan, J. Sater, A. Satsangi, S. Sauers, R. Saunders, J. P. Sauppe, R. Sawicki, D. Sayre, M. Scanlan, K. Schaffers, G. T. Schappert, S. Schiaffino, D. J. Schlossberg, D. W. Schmidt, M. J. Schmitt, D. H. G. Schneider, M. B. Schneider, R. Schneider, M. Schoff, M. Schollmeier, M. Scholmerich, C. R. Schroeder, S. E. Schrauth, H. A. Scott, I Scott, J. M. Scott, R. H. H. Scott, C. R. Scullard, T. Sedillo, F. H. Seguin, W. Seka, J. Senecal, S. M. Sepke, L. Seppala, K. Sequoia, J. Severyn, J. M. Sevier, N. Sewell, S. Seznec, R. C. Shah, J. Shamlian, D. Shaughnessy, M. Shaw, R. Shaw, C. Shearer, R. Shelton, N. Shen, M. W. Sherlock, A. Shestakov, E. L. Shi, S. J. Shin, N. Shingleton, W. Shmayda, M. Shor, M. Shoup, C. Shuldberg, L. Siegel, F. J. Silva, A. N. Simakov, B. T. Sims, D. Sinars, P. Singh, H. Sio, K. Skulina, S. Skupsky, S. Slutz, M. Sluyter, V. A. Smalyuk, D. Smauley, R. M. Smeltser, C. Smith, I Smith, J. Smith, L. Smith, R. Smith, R. Sohn, S. Sommer, C. Sorce, M. Sorem, J. M. Soures, M. L. Spaeth, B. K. Spears, S. Speas, D. Speck, R. Speck, J. Spears, T. Spinka, P. T. Springer, M. Stadermann, B. Stahl, J. Stahoviak, L. G. Stanton, R. Steele, W. Steele, D. Steinman, R. Stemke, R. Stephens, S. Sterbenz, P. Sterne, D. Stevens, J. Stevers, C. B. Still, C. Stoeckl, W. Stoeffl, J. S. Stolken, C. Stolz, E. Storm, G. Stone, S. Stoupin, E. Stout, I Stowers, R. Strauser, H. Streckart, J. Streit, D. J. Strozzi, T. Suratwala, G. Sutcliffe, L. J. Suter, S. B. Sutton, V Svidzinski, G. Swadling, W. Sweet, A. Szoke, M. Tabak, M. Takagi, A. Tambazidis, V Tang, M. Taranowski, L. A. Taylor, S. Telford, W. Theobald, M. Thi, A. Thomas, C. A. Thomas, I Thomas, R. Thomas, I. J. Thompson, A. Thongstisubskul, C. B. Thorsness, G. Tietbohl, R. E. Tipton, M. Tobin, N. Tomlin, R. Tommasini, A. J. Toreja, J. Torres, R. P. J. Town, S. Townsend, J. Trenholme, A. Trivelpiece, C. Trosseille, H. Truax, D. Trummer, S. Trummer, T. Truong, D. Tubbs, E. R. Tubman, T. Tunnell, D. Turnbull, R. E. Turner, M. Ulitsky, R. Upadhye, J. L. Vaher, P. VanArsdall, D. VanBlarcom, M. Vandenboomgaerde, R. VanQuinlan, B. M. Van Wonterghem, W. S. Varnum, A. L. Velikovich, A. Vella, C. P. Verdon, B. Vermillion, S. Vernon, R. Vesey, J. Vickers, R. M. Vignes, M. Visosky, J. Vocke, P. L. Volegov, S. Vonhof, R. Von Rotz, H. X. Vu, M. Vu, D. Wall, J. Wall, R. Wallace, B. Wallin, D. Walmer, C. A. Walsh, C. F. Walters, C. Waltz, A. Wan, A. Wang, Y. Wang, J. S. Wark, B. E. Warner, J. Watson, R. G. Watt, P. Watts, J. Weaver, R. P. Weaver, S. Weaver, C. R. Weber, P. Weber, S. Weber, P. Wegner, B. Welday, L. Welser-Sherrill, K. Weiss, K. Widmann, G. F. Wheeler, W. Whistler, R. K. White, H. D. Whitley, P. Whitman, M. E. Wickett, C. Widmayer, J. Wiedwald, R. Wilcox, S. Wilcox, C. Wild, B. H. Wilde, C. H. Wilde, K. Wilhelmsen, M. D. Wilke, H. Wilkens, P. Wilkins, S. C. Wilks, E. A. Williams, G. J. Williams, W. Williams, W. H. Williams, D. C. Wilson, B. Wilson, E. Wilson, R. Wilson, S. Winters, J. Wisoff, M. Wittman, J. Wolfe, A. Wong, K. W. Wong, L. Wong, N. Wong, R. Wood, D. Woodhouse, J. Woodruff, D. T. Woods, S. Woods, B. N. Woodworth, E. Wooten, A. Wootton, K. Work, J. B. Workman, J. Wright, M. Wu, C. Wuest, F. J. Wysocki, H. Xu, M. Yamaguchi, B. Yang, S. T. Yang, J. Yatabe, C. B. Yeamans, B. C. Yee, S. A. Yi, L. Yin, B. Young, C. S. Young, C. Young, P. Young, K. Youngblood, R. Zacharias, G. Zagaris, N. Zaitseva, F. Zaka, F. Ze, B. Zeiger, M. Zika, G. B. Zimmerman, T. Zobrist, J. D. Zuegel, A. B. Zylstra

Summary: This article reports the first controlled fusion experiment using laser indirect drive, which achieves capsule gain and ignition state.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2022)

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Article Physics, Fluids & Plasmas

Constraints on ion velocity distributions from fusion product spectroscopy

A. J. Crilly, B. D. Appelbe, O. M. Mannion, W. Taitano, E. P. Hartouni, A. S. Moore, M. Gatu-Johnson, J. P. Chittenden

Summary: Recent inertial confinement fusion experiments have revealed primary fusion spectral moments that cannot be explained by a Maxwellian velocity distribution. This suggests the need for an ion kinetic description of reacting ions. In this study, we propose a theoretical classification of non-Maxwellian ion velocity distributions using spectral moments, providing a detailed analysis from the microscopic to macroscopic level.

NUCLEAR FUSION (2022)

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Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Evidence for suprathermal ion distribution in burning plasmas

E. P. Hartouni, A. S. Moore, A. J. Crilly, B. D. Appelbe, P. A. Amendt, K. L. Baker, D. T. Casey, D. S. Clark, T. Doppner, M. J. Eckart, J. E. Field, M. Gatu-Johnson, G. P. Grim, R. Hatarik, J. Jeet, S. M. Kerr, J. Kilkenny, A. L. Kritcher, K. D. Meaney, J. L. Milovich, D. H. Munro, R. C. Nora, A. E. Pak, J. E. Ralph, H. F. Robey, J. S. Ross, D. J. Schlossberg, S. M. Sepke, B. K. Spears, C. Young, A. B. Zylstra

Summary: Inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility aim to achieve sustained thermonuclear burn for energy generation. This study investigates the departure from hydrodynamic behavior when fusion reactions become the primary source of plasma heating. The relationship between ion temperature and mean ion kinetic energy is analyzed using neutron spectrum moments.

NATURE PHYSICS (2023)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

X-ray-imaging spectrometer (XRIS) for studies of residual kinetic energy and low-mode asymmetries in inertial confinement fusion implosions at OMEGA (invited)

P. J. Adrian, B. Bachmann, R. Betti, A. Birkel, P. Heuer, M. Gatu Johnson, N. Kabadi, J. P. Knauer, J. Kunimune, C. K. Li, O. M. Mannion, R. D. Petrasso, S. P. Regan, H. G. Rinderknecht, C. Stoeckl, F. H. Seguin, A. Sorce, R. C. Shah, G. D. Sutcliffe, J. A. Frenje

Summary: An X-ray imaging spectrometer (XRIS) system capable of spatially and spectrally resolving x-ray self-emission from 5 to 40 keV has been implemented at the OMEGA Laser Facility. The system consists of three independent imagers for 3D reconstructions of the x-ray emission region. The XRIS system boasts a large dynamic range and the ability to record multiple images along a single line of sight, allowing for advanced statistical inference on the structure of the x-ray emitting regions.

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (2022)

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Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Towards the first plasma-electron screening experiment

Daniel T. Casey, Chris R. Weber, Alex B. Zylstra, Charlie J. Cerjan, Ed Hartouni, Matthias Hohenberger, Laurent Divol, David S. Dearborn, Neel Kabadi, Brandon Lahmann, Maria Gatu Johnson, Johan A. Frenje

Summary: The enhancement of fusion reaction rates by electron screening is an important plasma-nuclear effect but has not been experimentally observed. Experiments using inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions may provide an opportunity to observe this effect. The experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have reached the relevant physical regime, but the expected impacts of plasma screening on nuclear reaction rates are currently too small and need to be increased. This work lays the foundation for future efforts to develop a platform capable of observing plasma electron screening.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS (2023)

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Article Physics, Fluids & Plasmas

Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility

K. L. Baker, C. A. Thomas, O. L. Landen, S. Haan, J. D. Lindl, D. T. Casey, C. Young, R. Nora, O. A. Hurricane, D. A. Callahan, O. Jones, L. Berzak Hopkins, S. Khan, B. K. Spears, S. Le Pape, N. B. Meezan, D. D. Ho, T. Doppner, D. Hinkel, E. L. Dewald, R. Tommasini, M. Hohenberger, C. Weber, D. Clark, D. T. Woods, J. L. Milovich, D. Strozzi, A. Kritcher, H. F. Robey, J. S. Ross, V. A. Smalyuk, P. A. Amendt, B. Bachmann, L. R. Benedetti, R. Bionta, P. M. Celliers, D. Fittinghoff, C. Goyon, R. Hatarik, N. Izumi, M. Gatu Johnson, G. Kyrala, T. Ma, K. Meaney, M. Millot, S. R. Nagel, P. K. Patel, D. Turnbull, P. L. Volegov, C. Yeamans, C. Wilde

Summary: In indirect-drive implosions, increasing laser peak power and radiation drive temperature can improve the core hot spot energy, pressure, and neutron yield. This improvement has been quantified and explained by simple analytic scalings validated by 1D simulations. Extrapolating from existing data, it is possible to achieve a yield of 2-3x10^17 (0.5-0.7 MJ) using only 1.8 MJ of laser energy in a low gas-fill 5.4 mm diameter Hohlraum at the 500 TW National Ignition Facility peak power limit.

PHYSICS OF PLASMAS (2023)

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Article Physics, Fluids & Plasmas

Measuring and simulating ice-ablator mix in inertial confinement fusion

B. Bachmann, S. A. MacLaren, L. Masse, S. Bhandarkar, T. Briggs, D. Casey, L. Divol, T. Doeppner, D. Fittinghoff, M. Freeman, S. Haan, G. N. Hall, B. Hammel, E. Hartouni, N. Izumi, V. Geppert-Kleinrath, S. Khan, B. Kozioziemski, C. Krauland, O. Landen, D. Mariscal, E. Marley, K. Meaney, G. Mellos, A. Moore, A. Pak, P. Patel, M. Ratledge, N. Rice, M. Rubery, J. Salmonson, J. Sater, D. Schlossberg, M. Schneider, V. A. Smalyuk, C. Trosseille, P. Volegov, C. Weber, G. J. Williams, A. Wray

Summary: Fuel-ablator mix has a significant impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion experiments. Studying this mix through experiments and simulations can improve our understanding of these experiments and lead to higher yields and increased robustness.

PHYSICS OF PLASMAS (2023)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Determining spectral response of the National Ignition Facility particle time of flight diagnostic to x rays

B. Reichelt, N. Kabadi, J. Pearcy, M. Gatu Johnson, S. Dannhoff, B. Lahmann, J. Frenje, C. K. Li, G. Sutcliffe, J. Kunimune, R. Petrasso, H. Sio, A. Moore, E. Mariscal, E. Hartouni

Summary: This paper develops a process to determine the x-ray sensitivity of PTOF detectors and relates it to the intrinsic properties of the detector. It is demonstrated that the diamond sample has significant non-homogeneity and the charge collection can be described by a linear model ax + b, where a = 0.63 +/- 0.16 V-1 mm(-1) and b = 0.00 +/- 0.04 V-1. The electron to hole mobility ratio is confirmed to be 1.5 +/- 1.0 and the effective bandgap is 1.8 eV, leading to an increased sensitivity.

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (2023)

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Review Instruments & Instrumentation

Charged particle diagnostics for inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics experiments

M. Gatu Johnson

Summary: MeV-range ions generated in ICF and high-energy-density physics experiments carry important information, such as fusion reaction yield, implosion areal density, electron temperature, and electric and magnetic fields. This paper reviews the principles of obtaining this information from data and describes the charged particle diagnostic suite available at major US ICF facilities. It discusses time-integrating instruments, time-resolving detectors, and charged-particle radiography setups for measuring ion emission and probing plasma experiments.

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (2023)

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Article Physics, Fluids & Plasmas

Measuring stopping power in warm dense matter plasmas at OMEGA

B. Lahmann, A. M. Saunders, T. Doppner, J. A. Frenje, S. H. Glenzer, M. Gatu-Johnson, G. Sutcliffe, A. B. Zylstra, R. D. Petrasso

Summary: A platform has been developed to measure accurately the stopping power of high-energy protons in warm dense matter (WDM) plasmas using x-ray Thomson scattering. In this study, stopping power measurements were successfully conducted in both WDM beryllium and boron plasmas. An increase in stopping power was observed in the boron experiments compared to their cold target counterparts, which agreed well with models accounting for the partial ionization of the plasma.

PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION (2023)

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Correction Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in high-energy density settings on the National Ignition Facility (vol 116, pg 18233, 2018)

Bruce A. Remington, Park Hye-Sook, Daniel T. Casey, Robert M. Cavallo, Daniel S. Clark, Daniel H. Kalantar, Carolyn C. Kuranz, Aaron R. Miles, Sabrina R. Nagel, Kumar S. Raman, Christopher E. Wehrenberg, Vladimir A. Smalyuk

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2023)

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