Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Min Chen, Pekka Taskinen, Dmitry Sukhomlinov, Daniel Lindberg, Radoslaw M. Michallik, Ari Jokilaakso
Summary: The equilibrium phase relations of the Al2O3-SiO2-CrOx system were experimentally studied at 1600 °C and pO2 of 10-10-10-11 atm. Single liquid equilibria, liquid-solid phase equilibria including liquid-corundum, liquid-mullite, and liquid-cristobalite, as well as three-phase equilibria of liquid-cristobalite-corundum and liquid-corundum-mullite, were observed. The constructed phase diagram at 1600 °C and pO2 of 10-10 and 10-11 atm showed significant discrepancies with simulations by MTDATA, FactSage, and Thermo-Calc.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Nicholas V. V. Nardelli, Holly Leopardi, Thomas R. R. Schibli, Tara M. M. Fortier
Summary: This paper describes the architecture and characterization of a telecom-band, self-modelocking frequency comb based on a free-space laser with an Er/Yb co-doped glass gain medium. The laser offers a stable and cost-effective alternative to Er:fiber laser based frequency combs, with stability and noise performance similar to Ti:sapphire laser systems. The utility of the Er/Yb:glass frequency comb is demonstrated in high-stability frequency synthesis and low-noise photonic microwave generation.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wenxiang Xue, Wenyu Zhao, Honglei Quan, Yan Xing, Shougang Zhang
Summary: Research proposes a cascaded system consisting of three 100-km single-span fiber links to achieve high-precision microwave frequency transfer, extendable up to 1200 km, and still sufficient for modern cold atom microwave frequency standards. Additionally, high transfer instability for microwave signals at different time scales was achieved.
Article
Optics
Shaoshao Yu, Wenyu Zhao, Wenxiang Xue, Shougang Zhang
Summary: In this paper, a microwave phase compensation scheme is employed to mitigate parasitic reflections in a 250 km fiber optic link. Dispersion compensation fibers and bidirectional optical amplifiers are used to compensate for dispersion and losses in the link. The proposed methods achieve a transmission stability of 5.6 x 10(-15) at 1 s and 2.8 x 10(-18) at 100,000 s in the fiber optic microwave frequency transmission system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Sze Long Yee, Xindong Wang, Heli Wan, Mao Chen, Lanjie Li, Jianxin Li, Xiaodong Ma
Summary: The study focused on the V2O3-CaO system, conducting high-temperature equilibration experiments and using electron probe micro-analyser to analyze phase compositions and solubility of CaO in V2O3 under different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. A new sub-solidus phase diagram was plotted, revealing significant discrepancies from existing publications and identifying 4 solid-phase regions.
CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Jonathan Gillot, Santerelli Falzon Tetsing-Talla, Severine Denis, Gwenhael Goavec-Merou, Jacques Millo, Clement Lacroute, Yann Kersale
Summary: This article reports on the development of an active system of residual amplitude modulation (RAM) reduction based on a free space EOM for PDH stabilization of a laser. By digitally servoing the EOM DC electric field, crystal temperature, and laser power, the minimum RAM instability is achieved. Under specific conditions, this level will have minimal impact on the frequency stability.
Article
Optics
Honglei Quan, Wenxiang Xue, Wenyu Zhao, Yan Xing, Haifeng Jiang, Wenge Guo, Shougang Zhang
Summary: The study conducted a frequency dissemination experiment over a 212 km cascaded urban fiber link, demonstrating better transfer stability compared to a single-stage link.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sihai Luo, Bard H. Hoff, Stefan A. Maier, John C. de Mello
Summary: This study evaluates some of the most promising techniques for nanogap fabrication, including traditional methods like photolithography, electron-beam lithography, and focused ion beam milling, as well as newer methods using novel electrochemical and mechanical means for patterning. The physical principles behind each method are reviewed, and their strengths and limitations for nanogap patterning are discussed in terms of resolution, fidelity, speed, ease of implementation, versatility, and scalability to large substrate sizes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhiqiang Zhang, Kyle J. Arnold, Rattakorn Kaewuam, Murray D. Barrett
Summary: The extreme precision of optical atomic clocks has led to the anticipated redefinition of the second. The accuracy of 1 part in 10^18 and beyond enables new applications and practical implementation of clocks. High-accuracy comparisons between two 176Lu+ references using correlation spectroscopy demonstrate agreement at the low 10^-18 level, with the lowest reported uncertainty in the frequency difference.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jingnan Guo, Xiaolei Li, Jian Zhang, Mikhail I. Dobynde, Yuming Wang, Zigong Xu, Thomas Berger, Jordanka Semkova, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Donald M. Hassler, Cary Zeitlin, Bent Ehresmann, Daniel Matthiae, Bin Zhuang
Summary: On 28 October 2021, solar eruptions caused intense and long-lasting enhancements in solar energetic particle (SEP) flux observed by spacecraft across the heliosphere. The arrival of SEPs at Earth resulted in the 73rd ground level enhancement (GLE) event recorded by ground-based neutron monitors. Notably, this study presents the first GLE event detected on the surfaces of Earth, Moon, and Mars, using particle and radiation detectors. By analyzing data from near-Earth spacecraft, the event-integrated proton spectrum is determined, and particle transport models are employed to predict radiation levels on the lunar and martian surfaces. Additionally, previous GLE event doses on the Moon and Mars are modeled and compared with the current event, contributing to our understanding of potential radiation risks for future human exploration of these celestial bodies.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ningyi Wang, Nan Zhang, Tianshuang Wang, Fangmeng Liu, Xiaolong Wang, Xu Yan, Chenguang Wang, Xiaomin Liu, Peng Sun, Geyu Lu
Summary: The innovative application of microwave transduction technology in gas sensors has led to the development of wireless passive room-temperature gas sensors integrated on wearable devices. The research utilized ultranarrowband microwave filter as a microwave transducer device and deposited SnO2/bionic porous carbon composites on the coupled line spacing blank surface. The results showed excellent NH3 sensing behavior at room temperature, including wide concentration range, fast response and recovery rate, selectivity, reversibility, and stability.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
K. H. Leung, B. Iritani, E. Tiberi, I. Majewska, M. Borkowski, R. Moszynski, T. Zelevinsky
Summary: Neutral quantum absorbers in optical lattices have been used to achieve clocks with high spectroscopic resolution. In this study, a lattice clock based on pure molecular vibration is realized using an ensemble of diatomic molecules. The systematic uncertainties are evaluated, resulting in a total uncertainty of 4.6 x 10-14. This milestone in molecular spectroscopy and THz-frequency standards can be applied to other neutral molecular species for fundamental physics research and the search for new interactions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ming Yue Fan, Peng Fu, Jiao Li, Zhong Min Su, Xiao Li, Qing Qing Pan, Xiao Li Hu
Summary: A unique 2D metal-organic framework, CUST-531, has been successfully synthesized for sensitive and rapid detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. The material exhibits strong emission properties and forms a 4-c 2D layered network through bridging ligands. Mechanisms of fluorescence quenching when detecting TNP have been systematically studied.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Keila Silva dos Santos, Gustavo Oliveira Cavalcanti, Antonio Azevedo, Crislane Priscila do Nascimento Silva, Marcos Tavares de Melo, Ignacio Llamas-Garro, Eduardo Fontana
Summary: This article presents the analysis, design, and construction of a microstrip device for hydrogen detection at microwave frequencies. The device consists of a hybrid microstrip line with a 10-nm-thick palladium film replacing part of the copper line. Experimental results and theoretical modeling indicate that the phase of the scattering parameter S-21 becomes highly sensitive to the conductivity of the palladium when a thin film is used, enabling effective hydrogen detection. This finding suggests the possibility of incorporating ultrathin palladium films into planar microwave circuits for the development of simple hydrogen sensors.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Miguel Sanz-Novo, Iker Leon, Elena R. Alonso, Jose L. Alonso
Summary: This study reports the first rotational investigation of neutral l-DOPA, identifying four distinct conformers and confirming the presence of stabilizing N-H⋯π interactions. The findings challenge the previous notion of catechol ring-induced conformational restriction.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
Zijun C. Zhao, Maxim Goryachev, Jerzy Krupka, Michael E. Tobar
Summary: In this study, we rigorously characterize the temperature evolution of permittivity of a perovskite crystal as it undergoes phase transitions. The results show that the crystal has an isotropic permittivity at room temperature and undergoes anisotropy at lower temperatures, with uniaxial anisotropy below 105 K (tetragonal structure) and biaxial anisotropy below 51 K (orthorhombic structure).
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL
(2022)
Correction
Physics, Multidisciplinary
J. Mummery, J. M. Pate, M. Goryachev, R. Y. Chiao, J. E. Sharping, M. E. Tobar
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aaron Quiskamp, Ben T. McAllister, Paul Altin, Eugene N. Ivanov, Maxim Goryachev, Michael E. Tobar
Summary: The SMASH model predicts the existence of axion dark matter particles within the mass range of 50 to 200 micro-electron volts. The ORGAN experiment in Australia conducted a scan within the mass range of 63.2 to 67.1 micro-electron volts using a microwave cavity axion haloscope, and obtained a highly sensitive result that sets an upper limit on the coupling of axions to two photons, excluding the well-motivated axion-like particle cogenesis model for dark matter.
Article
Physics, Applied
William Campbell, Serge Galliou, Michael E. Tobar, Maxim Goryachev
Summary: We investigated the electromechanical properties of quartz bulk acoustic wave resonators at extremely low temperatures. By applying a DC bias voltage, we demonstrated broad frequency tuning of high-Q phonon modes in a quartz bulk acoustic wave cavity at cryogenic temperatures. The resonance peak showed a tuning range of more than 100 line-widths without any degradation in the loaded quality factor, which remained high. The observed coefficient of frequency tuning was asymptotic to 3.5 mHz/V per overtone number n, reaching a maximum value of 255.5 mHz/V for the n=73 overtone mode. No degradation in the quality factor was observed for any applied biasing field.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Serge Galliou, Jeremy Bon, Philippe Abbe, Remy Vicarini, Michael E. Tobar, Maxim Goryachev
Summary: This research observes the mechanical effects of an exfoliated graphene monolayer on a quartz crystal substrate at low temperatures. The mechanical losses of the adhesive graphene monolayer are assessed, indicating a connection between mechanical losses, surface scattering, and stresses.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Michael E. Tobar, Catriona A. Thomson, Benjamin T. McAllister, Maxim Goryachev, Anton V. Sokolov, Andreas Ringwald
Summary: Recently, the interactions between putative axions and magnetic monopoles have been reexamined, revealing significant modifications to conventional axion electrodynamics. This leads to an expanded parameter space for the axion-photon coupling, from one parameter to three (ga gamma gamma,gaAB,gaBB). By implementing the Poynting theorem, it is possible to determine the sensitivity to gaAB and gaBB using resonant haloscopes, enabling new techniques for axion searches and providing a potential indirect method to detect magnetically charged matter.
ANNALEN DER PHYSIK
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
C. Bartram, T. Braine, R. Cervantes, N. Crisosto, N. Du, G. Leum, P. Mohapatra, T. Nitta, L. J. Rosenberg, G. Rybka, J. Yang, John Clarke, I. Siddiqi, A. Agrawal, A. V. Dixit, M. H. Awida, A. S. Chou, M. Hollister, S. Knirck, A. Sonnenschein, W. Wester, J. R. Gleason, A. T. Hipp, S. Jois, P. Sikivie, N. S. Sullivan, D. B. Tanner, E. Lentz, R. Khatiwada, G. Carosi, C. Cisneros, N. Robertson, N. Woollett, L. D. Duffy, C. Boutan, M. Jones, B. H. LaRoque, N. S. Oblath, M. S. Taubman, E. J. Daw, M. G. Perry, J. H. Buckley, C. Gaikwad, J. Hoffman, K. Murch, M. Goryachev, B. T. McAllister, A. Quiskamp, C. Thomson, M. E. Tobar, V. Bolkhovsky, G. Calusine, W. Oliver, K. Serniak
Summary: This study presents the first implementation of a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) for axion dark matter search. By tuning the resonant frequency of the cavity, the JTWPA achieved sensitivity to axion-like particle dark matter with axion-photon couplings above 10(-13) Ge V-1 over a narrow range of axion masses centered around 19.84 mu eV during a two-week operation. The JTWPA was operated in the insert of the axion dark matter experiment as part of an independent receiver chain connected to a 0.56-l cavity.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William M. M. Campbell, Maxim Goryachev, Michael E. E. Tobar
Summary: The Multi-mode Acoustic Gravitational wave Experiment (MAGE) is a high frequency gravitational wave detection experiment that aims to target signatures beyond the standard model and identify the source of rare events. The experiment uses two near-identical quartz bulk acoustic wave resonators as strain antennas with spectral sensitivity as low as 6.6 x 10(-21) [strain]/root Hz in multiple narrow bands across MHz frequencies. Additional quartz detectors are added to implement systematic rejection and identify localized strains incident on a single detector.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Catriona A. Thomson, Maxim Goryachev, Ben T. McAllister, Eugene N. Ivanov, Paul Altin, Michael E. Tobar
Summary: We present new results of a room temperature resonant AC haloscope, which searches for axions via photon upconversion. The experiment replaces the traditional DC magnetic background field with a second microwave background resonance within the detector cavity, and is sensitive to a newly proposed quantum electromagnetodynamical axion coupling term. Two experimental approaches are outlined, and the results of the power detection experiment show an improvement of 3 orders of magnitude over previous results.
Article
Optics
R. Y. Chiao, H. Hart, M. Scheibner, J. Sharping, N. A. Inan, D. A. Singleton, M. E. Tobar
Summary: This paper proposes a version of the electric Aharonov-Bohm effect, in which the quantum system that picks up the Aharonov-Bohm phase is confined to a Faraday cage with a time-varying spatially uniform scalar potential. The electric and magnetic fields in this region are effectively zero for the entire period of the experiment. The observable consequence of this version of the electric Aharonov-Bohm effect is a shift in the energy levels of the quantum system, rather than a shift in the fringes of the two-slit interference pattern. We demonstrate a strong mathematical connection between this version of the scalar electric AB effect and the ac Stark effect.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Eugene N. Ivanov, Michael E. Tobar
Summary: We studied the response of cryogenic sapphire resonator to fast variations in microwave power. Power-to-frequency conversion of the resonator depends on Fourier frequency and acts as a first-order low-pass filter with corner frequency close to the resonator's loaded half-bandwidth. By measuring the power-to-frequency conversion, we can predict the phase noise of a microwave oscillator based on such a resonator.
IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
V. V. Flambaum, B. T. McAllister, I. B. Samsonov, M. E. Tobar
Summary: In this study, we establish a model based on superstring theory to explore the couplings between a light scalar field and photons. Through experiments, we find that existing cavity resonators have a low but non-zero sensitivity to the scalar-photon coupling. By repurposing the results of the ADMX experiment, we obtain new limits on the scalar-photon coupling for scalar field masses ranging from 2.7 to 4.2 mu eV. Additionally, we propose a broadband experiment using a high-voltage capacitor that achieves a sensitivity nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the experiment based on molecular spectroscopy.
Article
Optics
Catriona A. Thomson, Michael E. Tobar, Maxim Goryachev
Summary: This study presents experimental observations of bimodal solitons in a solid state three-level maser cooled to millikelvin temperatures. The results demonstrate the existence of continuous-wave regime, dense soliton regime, and sparse soliton regime, opening up new avenues for studying nonlinear wave phenomena and soliton applications in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michael E. Tobar, Ben T. McAllister, Maxim Goryachev
Summary: This study investigates the conversion process between axions and photons using the Poynting theorem, and examines the energy conversion and power flow in axion dark matter detection. The study finds that using different Poynting theorems in different detection systems can lead to different sensitivity results.
