Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ekaterina Govorkova, Ema Puljak, Thea Aarrestad, Thomas James, Vladimir Loncar, Maurizio Pierini, Adrian Alan Pol, Nicolo Ghielmetti, Maksymilian Graczyk, Sioni Summers, Jennifer Ngadiuba, Thong Q. Nguyen, Javier Duarte, Zhenbin Wu
Summary: The Large Hadron Collider generates a large number of collision events that need to be filtered in real-time. This paper demonstrates the deployment of unsupervised deep learning algorithms in a real-time event selection system to search for new physics signatures. The first-stage filter, implemented on custom electronics, significantly enhances the signal-over-background ratio.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hui Lv, Nuli Xie, Mingqiang Li, Mingkai Dong, Chenyun Sun, Qian Zhang, Lei Zhao, Jiang Li, Xiaolei Zuo, Haibo Chen, Fei Wang, Chunhai Fan
Summary: We demonstrate a general-purpose DNA integrated circuit (DIC) system by integrating multilayer DNA-based programmable gate arrays (DPGAs), which can be reconfigured and programmed to implement a wide range of circuits. We also show that DNA origami registers can control the asynchronous execution of cascaded DPGAs, and the integration of a DPGA with an analog-to-digital converter can be used for disease classification.
Article
Optics
Pablo Ginel-Moreno, Abdelfettah Hadij-ElHouati, Alejandro Sanchez-Postigo, J. Gonzalo Wanguemert-Perez, Inigo Molina-Fernandez, Jens H. Schmid, Pavel Cheben, Alejandro Ortega-Monux
Summary: This paper reports an experimental demonstration of a new integrated antenna array architecture that uses a compact feeding circuit to achieve large-aperture light emitters. The design is based on a modulated Bragg deflector as a beam expander, which can generate a 40-mu m-wide on-chip Gaussian beam. The device is fabricated on a 220-nm silicon-on-insulator platform and has a high power gain, radiation efficiency, and far-field angular divergence.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Zbigniew Hajduk
Summary: This paper presents the architecture and FPGA implementation of a 32-bit CPU dedicated to PLCs, which directly matches the instructions of the IL language. The IL processor is capable of handling different data types and performing floating-point operations, while also facilitating the fast execution of code containing Boolean expressions. Although the IL processor outperforms industrial PLCs, it is slower compared to high-performance PACs.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Amir Hossein Hadi Hosseinabadi, David Gregory Black, Septimiu E. Salcudean
Summary: The article introduces a novel hardware and software architecture for a smart optical force-torque sensor. The use of configurable, modular, and compact electronics leads to unparalleled performance characteristics, such as ultra-low noise and high resolution. Performance is achieved through oversampling of optical transducers and parallel hardware processing using FPGA, with additional features like an inertial measurement unit and temperature sensor integrated for improved compensation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ziho Shin, Myeong-Hoon Oh
Summary: Low-power and fault-tolerant features are crucial for edge devices. This study proposes asynchronous circuit design techniques for FPGA, which overcomes drawbacks in conventional synchronous circuit designs. Experimental results show that the asynchronous MSP430 has lower power consumption, better fault tolerance, and less electromagnetic noise compared to the synchronous MSP430.
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. H. Elkholy, Mahmoud Elymany, Hamid Metwally, M. A. Farahat, Tomonobu Senjyu, Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy
Summary: This paper investigates the potential impact of a real-time energy management system for hybrid renewable energy systems on reducing energy losses and improving reliability. By implementing hardware prototypes and utilizing FPGA boards for smart EMS, the results demonstrate high dynamic response speed and applicability of FPGA in energy management.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Justine Cris Borromeo, Isabella Cerutti, Piero Castoldi, Rosula Reyes, Nicola Andriolli
Summary: Optical interconnection networks offer higher throughput, lower latency, and lower power consumption compared to electronic switching fabrics. The two-step scheduler (TSS) in multi-plane architectures exploits modularity to speed up computations while satisfying scheduling constraints. Hardware implementation of TSS outperforms single-step schedulers in terms of scheduling iterations, operating frequency, worst-case scheduling duration, and required logic resources.
JOURNAL OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Ekin Arabul, Rodrigo Stange Tessinari, Obada Alia, Romerson Oliveira, George T. Kanellos, Reza Nejabati, Dimitra Simeonidou
Summary: We have demonstrated an on-demand programmable hardware encryptor for optical networks enabled by software-defined network (SDN) and tested its application in a quantum key distribution (QKD) use case. Our encryptor combines on-demand programmable encryption algorithms with a 100G Ethernet network interface to provide high transmission capacity and flexible security. We have successfully formed an on-demand encryption library and achieved high network throughput, fast reconfiguration time, and efficient key consumption rate.
JOURNAL OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Abhishek Kumar Jain, Douglas L. Maskell, Suhaib A. Fahmy
Summary: Coarse-grained FPGA overlays can achieve high throughput and improved scalability by compiling dataflow graphs expressed as OpenCL kernels onto the overlay at runtime. This approach provides high-level abstraction, fast compilation, and high-performance functional units on modern devices.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Dario Russo, Stefano Ricci
Summary: This article introduces an innovative flow emulator board (FEB) that can simulate programmable velocity profiles with known characteristics. It can replace traditional flow rigs for testing pulsed wave Doppler methods and electronic systems.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Xiao-Wei Zhang, Lei Zuo, Ming Li, Jian-Xin Guo
Summary: This article presents an efficient and robust method for FPGA calculation of matrix inversion, which reduces computation load and improves numerical stability. The proposed computation procedures include matrix decomposition, triangular matrix inversion, and matrices multiplication.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Zhengwei Fei
Summary: The current trend in sensor system development is to improve accuracy and resolution while reducing size and power consumption. FPGAs, with their reprogrammable hardware technology, are being widely utilized to provide efficient and flexible solutions for complex applications.
MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Linhuai Tang, Gang Cai, Yong Zheng, Jiamin Chen
Summary: Reduce is a fundamental computing pattern widely used in scientific and engineering applications, with a trade-off between performance and area in hardware implementation. An optimized reduction method is proposed to handle multiple arbitrary-length sets, showing significant improvement in area-time product compared to reported methods.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Vasudev S. Mallan, Anitha Gopi, Chithra Reghuvaran, Aswani A. Radhakrishnan, Alex James
Summary: Intelligent sensor systems play a crucial role in building modern Internet of Things applications. Embedding intelligence within or near sensors is advantageous for analog neural computing. However, prototyping analog or mixed signal spiking neural computing quickly is a complex and time-consuming task. We propose mixed-mode neural computing arrays using Field-Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) for near-sensor-intelligent computing. The combination of FPAA and FPGA pipelines ensures rapid prototyping and design optimization before finalizing the on-chip implementations. The proposed approach also allows for a scalable neural network testing framework and sensor integration.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Hyounguk Jang, Stanley Huang, Daniel X. Hammer, Lin Wang, Harmain Rafi, Meijun Ye, Cristin G. Welle, Jonathan A. N. Fisher
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Srikanth Vasudevan, Jesse Vo, Benjamin Shafer, Ahhyun S. Nam, Benjamin J. Vakoc, Daniel X. Hammer
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andrew C. Lamont, Michael A. Restaino, Abdullah T. Alsharhan, Zhuolin Liu, Daniel X. Hammer, Ryan D. Sochol, Anant Agrawal
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2020)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Andrew J. Bower, Tao Liu, Nancy Aguilera, Joanne Li, Jianfei Liu, Rongwen Lu, John P. Giannini, Laryssa A. Huryn, Alfredo Dubra, Zhuolin Liu, Daniel X. Hammer, Johnny Tam
Summary: The study developed an imaging platform combining multimodal AO-SLO with AO-OCT to compare four different modalities for imaging RPE cells in the same eye. Consistent cellular structure information was obtained across modalities, with variations in RPE cell contrast explored in a subject-, location-, and even cell-dependent manner. The benefit of using multiple modalities to infer the cellular structure of the RPE mosaic in an affected eye was illustrated through multimodal imaging in a patient with choroideremia.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Joanne Li, Tao Liu, Oliver J. Flynn, Amy Turriff, Zhuolin Liu, Ehsan Ullah, Jianfei Liu, Alfredo Dubra, Mary A. Johnson, Brian P. Brooks, Robert B. Hufnagel, Daniel X. Hammer, Laryssa A. Huryn, Brett G. Jeffrey, Johnny Tam
Summary: A 3-year longitudinal study on a patient with oligocone trichromacy (OT) revealed persistent dark cones within and near the macula, but the patient had normal visual acuity, retinal sensitivity, and color vision. The findings suggest that a retina with predominant dark cones can support near normal central retinal function for at least 3 years, indicating that cones can survive under non-ideal conditions.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Optics
Somayyeh Soltanian-Zadeh, Kazuhiro Kurokawa, Zhuolin Liu, Furu Zhang, Osamah Saeedi, Daniel X. Hammer, Donald T. Miller, Sina Farsiu
Summary: Cell-level quantitative features of retinal ganglion cells (GCs) are important biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, with adaptive optics OCT enabling in vivo imaging. Weakly supervised deep learning-based automated segmentation of GC layer somas from AO-OCT volumes is as good as or even better than human experts, showing increased structure-function correlation in glaucoma subjects.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christopher T. Le, Dongyi Wang, Ricardo Villanueva, Zhuolin Liu, Daniel X. Hammer, Yang Tao, Osamah J. Saeedi
Summary: This study introduces the application of adaptive optics-optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) in studying ocular diseases, proposing a novel bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM)-based network for 3D-2D segmentation of blood vessels. By comparing it with a standard 2D UNet segmentation network, the proposed LSTM-UNet model shows statistically significant improvements in AUC and recall, demonstrating enhanced performance in automated vessel segmentation within AO-OCT volumes.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Zhuolin Liu, Furu Zhang, Kelvy Zucca, Anant Agrawal, Daniel X. Hammer
Summary: This research describes a multimodal and multifunctional adaptive optics system that combines scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography for simultaneous retinal imaging. The system achieves high resolution and sensitivity and provides functional assessment of retinal cells and structures. It is a powerful platform for studying various retinal and neurological diseases.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Somayyeh Soltanian-Zadeh, Zhuolin Liu, Yan Liu, Ayoub Lassoued, Catherine A. Cukras, Donald T. Miller, Daniel X. Hammer, Sina Farsiu
Summary: Objective quantification of photoreceptor cell morphology using AO-OCT is crucial for early and accurate diagnosis of retinal neurodegenerative diseases. We propose a comprehensive deep learning framework to automate the process of segmenting individual cone cells in AO-OCT scans, achieving human-level performance in assessing cone photoreceptors.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ramkumar Sabesan, Kate Grieve, Daniel X. Hammer, Na Ji, Susana Marcos
Summary: This article introduces a special issue commemorating the 25th anniversary of adaptive optics in biomedical research.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
K. L. Kovalick, C. Chen, Z. Liu, O. Saeedi, D. X. Hammer, D. M. Harrison
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Ruth E. Woehlke, Daniel X. Hammer, Anant Agrawal, Robert F. Cooper
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel X. Hammer, Anant Agrawal, Ricardo Villanueva, Osamah Saeedi, Zhuolin Liu
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Ophthalmology
Nikita Kedia, Zhuolin Liu, Ryan Sochol, Daniel X. Hammer, Anant Agrawal
OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES XXVIII
(2018)
Proceedings Paper
Neuroimaging
Daniel X. Hammer, Andrea Lozzi, Adam Boretsky, Anant Agrawal, Cristin G. Welle
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROPHOTONICS; NEURAL IMAGING AND SENSING; AND OPTOGENETICS AND OPTICAL MANIPULATION
(2016)
