Journal
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 185, Issue 1, Pages 105-109Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.07.016
Keywords
Apnea of prematurity; Cardio-respiratory morbidities; DNA methylation; Histone modifications; Exocytosis; Neurotransmitters/modulators; Oxidative stress
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [HL-76537, HL-90554, HL-86493]
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Recurrent apnea with intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a major clinical problem in infants born preterm. Carotid body chemo-reflex and catecholamine secretion from adrenal medullary chromaffin cells (AMC) are important for maintenance of cardio-respiratory homeostasis during hypoxia. This article highlights studies on the effects of IH on O-2 sensing by the carotid body and AMC in neonatal rodents. Neonatal IH augments hypoxia-evoked carotid body sensory excitation and catecholamine secretion from AMC which are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent recruitment of endothelin-1 and Ca2+ signaling, respectively. The effects of neonatal IH persist into adulthood. Evidence is emerging that neonatal IH initiates epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA hypermethylation contributing to long-lasting increase in ROS levels. Since adult human subjects born preterm exhibit higher incidence of sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension, DNA hypomethylating agents might offer a novel therapeutic intervention to decrease long-term cardio-respiratory morbidity caused by neonatal IH. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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