Journal
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 181, Issue 2, Pages 228-233Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.03.007
Keywords
Apnoea; Diaphragm; Ventilatory control; Respiratory muscles
Categories
Funding
- Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports [216-2160133-0130]
- Gonda Family
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The growing urge to breathe that occurs during breath-holding results in development of involuntary breathing movements (IBMs). The present study determined whether IBMs are initiated at critical levels of hypercapnia and/or hypoxia during maximal apnoea. Arterial blood gasses at the onset of IBM were monitored during maximal voluntary breath-holds. Eleven healthy men performed breath holds after breathing air, hyperoxic-normocapnia, hypoxic-normocapnia, and normoxic-hypercapnia. Pre-breathing of the gas mixtures facilitated the IBM onset, reducing the time-to-onset for similar to 46% (hyperoxic condition) and for similar to 80% ( hypoxic condition) compared to the normoxic air breathing time. A strong correlation (R = 0.83,P = 0.002) between arterial partial pressure of CO2 (Pa-CO2) at IBM onset after pre-breathing hyperoxic and hypercapnic gas mixtures was observed, suggesting the existence of a possible IBM Pa-CO2 threshold level of similar to 6.5 +/- 0.5 kPa. No clear threshold was observed for partial pressure of arterial O-2 (Pa-CO2). However, we observed that IBM onset was influenced, in part, by an interaction between Pa-O2 and Pa-CO2 levels during maximal apnoea. This study demonstrated the complex interaction between arterial blood-gases and the physiological response to maximal breath holding. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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