Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Petr Mlejnek
Summary: In laboratory experiments, many cytotoxic agents induce cell death accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or depletion of glutathione (GSH). N-acetylcysteine (NAC), used as a ROS scavenger and precursor of GSH biosynthesis, can inhibit ROS production, restore GSH levels, and prevent cell death. However, NAC has limitations in interacting with important ROS and is used at unnecessarily high concentrations. The possibility of NAC directly interacting with cytotoxic electrophiles to form non-cytotoxic adducts is often overlooked, despite being a common protective mechanism.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed Fareed Alkandari, Sampath Madhyastha, Muddanna S. Rao
Summary: Oxidative stress and depletion of glutathione play a crucial role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. N-Acetylcysteine amide (NACA), a form of glutathione precursor, has extended bioavailability and shows neuroprotective effects in AD animal models. This study investigates the potential neuroprotective effects of NACA against AD-like pathology induced by Aβ1-42 peptide in rats.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Tsvetelina Petkova, Aneliya Milanova
Summary: The study characterized the population pharmacokinetics of orally administered N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in broilers, showing that NAC was absorbed in all experimental chickens and reached maximum plasma concentrations in healthy chickens at 2.47±0.45 hours after dosing. The population pharmacokinetic analysis indicated no need for dose adjustment of NAC in M. gallisepticum-infected broilers or when combined with doxycycline.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenorio, Nayara Gomes Graciliano, Fabiana Andrea Moura, Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira, Marilia Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
Summary: NAC is a widely used medication for treating paracetamol overdose and inflammatory diseases, known for its safety and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects. Its mechanisms of action include increasing intracellular glutathione levels and suppressing inflammatory cytokines.
Article
Physiology
Bettina Karsten, Luca Petrigna, Andreas Klose, Antonino Bianco, Nathan Townsend, Christoph Triska
Summary: The study found that CP (256 ± 50 W) was significantly higher than FTP (249 ± 44 W) with a strong correlation between the two, but potential meaningful differences in terms of performance should be considered. Therefore, caution should be exercised when choosing between FTP and CP for performance analysis.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Priyanka N. Bushana, Michelle A. Schmidt, Kevin M. Chang, Trisha Vuong, Barbara A. Sorg, Jonathan P. Wisor
Summary: Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) is associated with decreased cerebral metabolism, decreased oxidative stress, and the importance of timing antioxidant administration relative to sleep/wake cycles in brain disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rita Caridade-Silva, Bruna Araujo, Joana Martins-Macedo, Fabio G. Teixeira
Summary: Preventing degeneration and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's Disease (PD) remains a challenge, and developing disease-modifying approaches is imperative. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has shown promising potential in preserving the dopaminergic system and modulating PD mechanisms. In this study, NAC enhanced dopaminergic neuron viability and improved motor deficits in a rat model of PD, suggesting that it may serve as a modulator of PD degenerative mechanisms.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sandra Fernandez-Rodriguez, Claudia Esposito-Zapero, Teodoro Zornoza, Ana Polache, Luis Granero, Maria Jose Cano-Cebrian
Summary: The study explores the potential pharmacotherapy of NAC for alcohol use disorder and its effects on ethanol-induced activation. The results show that high doses of NAC stimulate cFOS expression in the NAcc, suppressed by MTEP; high doses of NAC may attenuate the ethanol-induced increase in cFOS expression in the NAcc.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mojtaba Enayati, Sara Madarshahian, Bing Yan, Gerhard Ufheil, Alireza Abbaspourrad
Summary: The encapsulation of small hydrophilic molecules offers various advantages for delivering hydrophilic food supplements and ingredients, such as masking off-flavors and controlling release profiles. In this study, an internal phase separation (IPS) method was used to simultaneously granulate and encapsulate a small hydrophilic food supplement, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), in corn oil. By using hydrophilic gums and a hydrophobic coating, the NAC release time was controlled, ensuring a 5-minute window for dispersion in water and drinks.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
A. Navarro, V Chaves, J. A. Balbin
Summary: This study investigates the changes in fatigue limit of notched specimens calculated with the Theory of Critical Distance when variations in the value of the critical distance itself are considered. Despite the introduction of a plastic zone correction leading to a new length significantly larger than the original one, the predictions using both lengths were found to be similar. Analytical solutions for the ratio K-f/K-t were derived for circular holes and V-notches as a result of this research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia Eligini, Marco Munno, Daphne Atlas, Cristina Banfi
Summary: In this study, the effects of small-molecular-weight redox molecules on collagen-induced platelet aggregation were tested. N-acetylcysteine amide (AD4/NACA), a thiol antioxidant with improved lipophilicity and bioavailability compared to N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and various thioredoxin-mimetic (TXM) peptides were used. All compounds significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, with TXM peptides and AD4 being more effective than NAC. These findings suggest that these small-molecular-weight redox peptides might be useful for preventing or treating oxidative stress conditions associated with platelet activation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qian Zhang, Cuifang Deng, Meng Peng, Chengcheng Li, Yi Teng, Shuangshuang Guo, Tao Wu, Dan Yi, Yongqing Hou
Summary: Intestinal health is crucial for humans and animals. This study examined the mechanism of indomethacin (IDMT)-induced cell death in IPEC-1 cells and the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in mitigating the damage. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that IDMT affected cell cycle, energy metabolism, and cell proliferation. Flow cytometer analysis showed IDMT-induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. NAC treatment repaired mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited apoptosis. This study provides insights into the pathogenesis of IDMT-induced intestinal injury and highlights the potential of NAC in clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Nicolas Primas, Guillaume Lano, Damien Brun, Christophe Curti, Marion Sallee, Emmanuelle Sampol-Manos, Edouard Lamy, Charleric Bornet, Stephane Burtey, Patrice Vanelle
Summary: By studying the influence of additives on the degradation of N-acetylcysteine, it was found that the addition of zinc gluconate at a certain concentration can stabilize the solution and extend its shelf life.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Huiwen Huang, Lizhen Wang, Yubo Fan
Summary: As an important subset of metamaterials, meta-biomaterials have garnered significant research interest due to their unique combination of mechanical, mass transport, and biological properties, particularly for orthopedic tissue repair and replacement. This paper focuses on the fatigue behaviors of metallic meta-biomaterials as potential bone substitutes and orthopedic implants, and reviews the current research progress in this field.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-ADVANCED MATERIALS AND DEVICES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yuhui Sheng, Xingchen Sun, Jingtian Han, Wei Hong, Jie Feng, Shuyang Xie, Youjie Li, Fangwei Yan, Keke Li, Baocheng Tian
Summary: An N-acetylcysteine functionalized chitosan oligosaccharide-palmitic acid conjugate (NAC-COS-PA) was synthesized for enhanced transocular drug delivery. The conjugate exhibited good biocompatibility and increased drug permeation. In vivo studies showed that NAC-COS-PA-FB had superior anti-inflammatory efficacy compared to other nanomicelles and solution.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa R. Mickle, Jesus D. Penaloza-Aponte, Richard Coffey, Natale A. Hall, David Baekey, Erica A. Dale
Summary: Closed-loop epidural stimulation (CL-ES) can improve respiratory deficits caused by cervical spinal cord injury, restoring diaphragm activity and enhancing contralateral activity. This treatment has the potential to lead to lasting recovery and device independence.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Shawn Miller Jr, Edgar Juarez Lopez, Jessica M. L. Grittner, Brendan J. Dougherty
Summary: This study tested the impact of CO2 supplementation at different concentrations on ventilatory long-term facilitation (vLTF) in rats and found that 2% CO2 supplementation during and after acute, intermittent hypoxia (AIH) was sufficient to maintain isocapnia and induce significant vLTF.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Behnam Vafadari, Yoshitaka Oku, Charlotte Tacke, Ali Harb, Swen Huelsmann
Summary: The preBo·tzinger Complex (preBo·tC) in the brainstem plays a critical role in generating respiratory rhythm. This study aimed to investigate the activity of inhibitory glycinergic neurons in the preBo·tC of anesthetized mice. Using juxtacellular recordings and optogenetic activation, the researchers were able to identify and characterize the activity pattern of these inhibitory neurons in relation to the breathing rhythm.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Stephen M. Johnson, Maia G. Gumnit, Sarah M. Johnson, Tracy L. Baker, Jyoti J. Watters
Summary: Low-level activation of mu-opioid receptors can increase the amplitude of inspiratory bursts in neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations. Endomorphin-2, an endogenous ligand for these receptors, was found to have similar effects. Disinhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission may not be involved in the changes induced by endomorphin-2, and different mechanisms may underlie the increase in burst amplitude and decrease in burst frequency.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Raphael Martins de Abreu, Beatrice Cairo, Patricia Rehder-Santos, Claudio Donisete da Silva, Etore De Favari Signini, Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos, Camila Akemi Sakaguchi, Aparecida Maria Catai, Alberto Porta
Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between exercise capacity based on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and resting cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) levels. The results showed that resting CRC values were associated with exercise capacity in athletes but not in non-athletes.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Sarah M. Russel, Raluca E. Gosman, Katherine Gonzalez, Joshua Wright, Dennis O. Frank-Ito
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the response of different nasal morphologies to airflow-related variables during rapid/deep inspiration. The results showed that notched nasal vestibules had higher resistance values and airflow velocities, while standard nasal vestibules had higher mucosal heat flux. Different nasal phenotypes may predispose individuals to exercise-induced rhinitis.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Ivan Poliacek, Lukas Martvon, Michal Simera, Marcel Veternik, Jakub Misek, Lucia Cibulkova, Kimberly E. Iceman, Donald C. Bolser, Teresa Pitts
Summary: An animal model study evaluated the effects of an abdominal incision on cough and swallow, revealing that abdominal wall manipulations can increase pharyngeal muscle activity during swallow without affecting the cough reflex. Swallowing tended to occur more during the inspiratory phase. The results highlight the important role of abdominal wall sensory feedback in regulating swallow motor patterns.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Rui Yu, Tatsuma Okazaki, Yuzhuo Ren, Junko Okuyama, Satoru Ebihara, Shin-Ichi Izumi
Summary: Body postures significantly influence respiratory muscle force, cough pressure, subjective ease of coughing, and pulmonary function. The 60-degree semi-recumbent posture and sitting posture show better results compared to the supine posture.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Suzuna Sato, Koji Ishida, Noriko I. Tanaka, Keisho Katayama
Summary: Respiratory muscle endurance training has beneficial effects on whole-body endurance performance. A novel high-intensity interval (HII) protocol is found to enhance the efficacy of respiratory muscle training programs.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Letter
Physiology
R. Arieli
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Correction
Physiology
Ivan Poliacek, Michal Simera, Marcel Veternik, Zuzana Kotmanova, Teresa Pitts, Jan Hanacek, Jana Plevkova, Peter Machac, Nadezda Visnovcova, Jakub Misek, Jan Jakus
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Dimitrios I. Bourdas, Nickos D. Geladas
Summary: This study examined the effects of breath-hold training on the performance of novice and elite breath-hold divers. The results showed that breath-hold training significantly improved red blood cell concentration, hemoglobin oxygen saturation steady state duration, and breath-hold time in novice divers. Elite divers had better breath-hold performance and higher peak mean arterial pressure compared to novices. The study suggests that breath-hold training can enhance the performance of divers.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)