Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alon Botzer, Yoram Finkelstein, Ron Unger
Summary: Blood pressure is determined by various physiological factors regulated by complex neural, endocrine, and paracrine mechanisms. Genes related to BP regulation are predominantly expressed in the kidney and adrenals of complex organisms, and in the nervous system of low complexity organisms. The complex system of BP regulation has evolved from simpler components to maintain key homeostatic functions in organisms' existence and survival.
Article
Physiology
Wilhelm W. Piispanen, Richard Lundell, Laura J. Tuominen, Anne K. Raisanen-Sokolowski
Summary: The study found that cold-water diving and helium-containing breathing gases did not affect the cognition of divers and did not cause clinically relevant cerebral impairment. Therefore, it is concluded that CCR diving in these conditions is safe in terms of alertness and cognitive performance.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie L. Baringer, Ian A. Simpson, James R. Connor
Summary: Brain iron homeostasis is crucial for neurological health, and its imbalance is associated with various neurological disorders. Proper regulation of iron entry into the brain via transferrin and H-ferritin is important due to the detrimental effects of unrestricted iron. This review discusses the mechanisms of iron transport regulation at the blood-brain barrier and explores the dysregulation of brain iron in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and restless legs syndrome.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Ion Udroiu
Summary: In the past century, authors have studied the allometry of haematological parameters in mammals and found that the correlation between mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and body mass is actually due to the correlation between MCV and basal metabolic rate. Small erythrocytes allowing fast oxygen release in tissues with high metabolic demand may explain this. Hypoxia-adapted species have bigger MCV, while Ruminantia have smaller MCV along with the highest and lowest hemoglobin affinity for oxygen.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Andreas Fahlman, Michael J. Moore, Randall S. Wells
Summary: Decompression theory based on terrestrial mammals may not apply to marine mammals, who are found to experience gas bubbles during diving. The bottlenose dolphin shows physiological or behavioral adaptations to prevent excessive uptake of N-2, potentially avoiding symptomatic gas emboli formation. Integral studies on cardiorespiratory function have enhanced the understanding of cetaceans' ability to dive to extreme depths.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Danilo Cialoni, Andrea Brizzolari, Alessandra Barassi, Gerardo Bosco, Massimo Pieri, Valentina Lancellotti, Alessandro Marroni
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between hematological parameters and predisposition to inert gas bubble formation after a single recreational dive. The results showed that divers without bubble formation had significantly higher total white blood cell, granulocyte, and lymphocyte counts before and after diving compared to divers with bubble formation, indicating a possible association between low white blood cell counts and bubble formation.
Review
Cell Biology
Isha Nagpal, Zhi-Min Yuan
Summary: In addition to mutations in the p53 gene, compromised p53 functions due to decreased nuclear p53 protein levels or enhanced turnover are found in various human cancers, contributing to tumorigenesis. The degradation of p53 by HPV viral E6 protein or growth-promoting signaling also plays a critical role in cancer development. The association between p53 downregulation and carcinogenesis highlights the importance of basally expressed p53 in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adam B. Roddy, David Alvarez-Ponce, Scott W. Roy
Summary: Genome size in mammals is not significantly correlated with population size, suggesting that the Drift-Barrier Hypothesis may be considered provisional.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elvira S. Sandin, Julica Folberth, Helge Mueller-Fielitz, Claus U. Pietrzik, Elisabeth Herold, Thomas E. Willnow, Paul T. Pfluger, Ruben Nogueiras, Vincent Prevot, Thomas Krey, Markus Schwaninger
Summary: Research suggests that LRP2 at the blood-brain barrier does not play a role in the transport of leptin into the brain, nor in the development of obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alicia D. Dunton, Torben Goepel, Dao H. Ho, Warren Burggren
Summary: The need to protect neural tissue from toxins has led to over a century of research on the blood-brain barrier, with a focus on its cellular architecture and functions. Studies have primarily used mammalian and other animal models, but similar barriers are found across invertebrates and vertebrates, complicating simplistic views of its evolution.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Charles A. LeDuc, Alicja A. Skowronski, Michael Rosenbaum
Summary: This article discusses the pleiotropic gene LEP and how leptin's actions go beyond just signaling the size of adipose tissue stores. It emphasizes the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal effects of leptin on systems regulating energy stores and the importance of therapeutic manipulation of the intrauterine environment. The review suggests that future research should focus on using leptin sensitizing agents and identifying specific cohorts that may respond better to activating the leptin signaling pathway.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Huibin Song, Dake Chen, Rong Bai, Yue Feng, Shang Wu, Tiansu Wang, Xuanyan Xia, Jialian Li, Yi-Liang Miao, Bo Zuo, Fenge Li
Summary: Knockout of Bag6 exon24 in mice leads to sub-fertility, impaired blood-testis barrier, increased apoptotic testicular cell rate, and abnormal sperm morphology. ER stress occurs in Bag6 exon24-deficient testes, activating sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 and up-regulating cytochrome P450 family 51 subfamily A member 1 expression, resulting in high serum testosterone levels. Additionally, serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 down-regulates BAG6 exon24-skipped transcripts in porcine Sertoli cells by binding to the 35-51 nt region on BAG6 exon24.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jin-ichi Inokuchi, Hirotaka Kanoh, Kei-ichiro Inamori, Masakazu Nagafuku, Takahiro Nitta, Koichi Fukase
Summary: This article summarizes long-term studies on the roles of ganglioside GM3 in insulin resistance and adipogenesis in adipose tissues, cholesterol uptake in the intestine, and leptin resistance in the hypothalamus. The research found that different molecular species of GM3 functioned as pro- and anti-inflammatory modulators in macrophages, and imbalances between these species promoted metabolic disorders.ONGOING studies will clarify the mechanisms underlying ganglioside-dependent control of energy homeostasis and innate immune responses.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elia Navarro-Masip, Alexandre Caron, Miquel Mulero, Lluis Arola, Gerard Aragones
Summary: Energy homeostasis and metabolism in mammals are influenced by seasonal changes, with variations in photoperiod patterns driving adaptations in body weight and adiposity. Humans also show distinct patterns of energy balance depending on the season, being more susceptible to weight gain during specific times of the year. Changes in body weight are mainly reflected in adipose tissue, which is highly affected by circannual rhythms. These metabolic adaptations involve molecular modifications and disruptions in the seasonal responses are associated with increased risk of obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Igor Barkovic, Zdravko Jurilj, Frano Marinelli, Vitomir Maricic, Marijana Pavlovic, Tamara Turk Wensveen, Viktor Persic
Summary: This study showcases the results of arterial blood gases' analysis in elite breath-hold divers at depths where their lung capacities are below their residual lung volume on the surface. The findings reveal changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, pH, and HCO3- concentration at various depths. It highlights the occurrence of hypoxemia and the subsequent return to normal values after resurfacing. Moreover, the previous assumption regarding the maximum depth in breath-hold divers has been proven wrong.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Erin McGillick, Sandra Orgeig, Beth J. Allison, Kirsty L. Brain, Youguo Niu, Nozomi Itani, Katie L. Skeffington, Andrew D. Kane, Emilio A. Herrera, Janna L. Morrison, Dino A. Giussani
Summary: Maternal vitamin C treatment in late gestation in sheep enhances the expression of genes important for fetal lung maturation at a molecular level. However, it does not affect protein markers or the number of surfactant-producing cells in fetal lung tissue.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John S. Torday
Summary: Cellular epigenetic evolution emphasizes cell-cell communication and injury-repair, merging ontogeny and phylogeny through communication to form a unified evolutionary process. The goal of evolution is energy flow, with only the flow of energy remaining once the superficial material aspects of lifeforms are eliminated.
PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John S. Torday
Summary: The homology between a knot and a cell is biologically thought-provoking, as the Trefoil Knot serves as a metaphor for the three germ layers of the gastrula. The cell membrane, resembling a mobius strip, forms a continuous surface between the inner and outer environment. Furthermore, the lipid boundary acts as a prima facie mobius strip dividing the infinite surface of the Implicate Order into inside and outside.
PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
John S. Torday
Summary: The solution to the problem of evolution has been difficult to find through experimentation, but the introduction of Knot Theory may offer new insights. Knot Theory, similar to cell-cell signaling mechanisms, can help us understand the connections and associations between physiological traits during biological development.
Article
Pediatrics
Sharmeel Khaira, Antoinette Pert, Emily Farrell, Cecelia Sibley, Karen Harvey-Wilkes, Heber C. Nielsen, MaryAnn V. Volpe
Summary: Individualized analysis and fortification of breast milk protein can reduce protein deficits in preterm infants, improve growth, and enhance neurodevelopmental outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Dorothea Wiegel, Christiane E. L. Dammann, Heber C. Nielsen
Summary: This study found that ErbB4-Jma significantly increased in fetal mouse ATII cells after E16.5. Through in silico analysis, four candidate splice factors were identified: FOX2, CUG/CELF1, TIAR, and HUB. Downregulation of the HUB gene in E17.5 ATII cells increased the levels of Jma isoform and Sftpb gene expression, while decreasing Jmb. These results suggest that the HUB gene plays a developmental regulatory role in ErbB4 AS in fetal mouse ATII cells, promoting ATII cell differentiation.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John S. Torday
Summary: This article discusses the study of cybernetics in animals and machines, defining it as the study of control and communication. It also suggests that cybernetics can be reduced to cell-cell signaling and bridges the gap between Newtonian 3rd Order Cybernetics and Quantum Mechanical 4th Order Cybernetics. The article explores the idea of a "conversation with the Cosmos" based on Quantum Entanglement and the implications of operating based on Quantum Mechanical principles.
PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John S. Torday
PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John S. Torday
Summary: This article discusses the origin and development of consciousness, arguing that consciousness is formed through cell-cell communications and gradually acquires specific fundamental properties during the process of evolution. The mechanism of cellular evolution and its relationship with mathematics are explained, highlighting the significance of cells in the existence of consciousness.
PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Hannah Edwards, Femke Ta Buisman-Pijlman, Adrian Esterman, Craig Phillips, Larissa Smart, Sandra Orgeig, Andrea Gordon
Summary: The study examined the reliability of the RIT tool for assessing mother-infant bonding through observational methods. The results showed strong intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.86) and fair inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.55) for the RIT tool.
JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE AND INFANT PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Srinivasa Reddy Kunchala, Albert van Dijk, Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen, Stephen C. Donnellan, Henk P. Haagsman, Sandra Orgeig
Summary: The air-liquid interface of the mammalian lung is covered by pulmonary surfactants, while birds possess different genes related to surfactants. This study investigated the evolution of these genes and confirmed the presence of SP-A analogues in zebra finch and turkey. The absence of SP-D-like genes in avian genomes was confirmed, and the SP-A1 and SP-A2 sequences in birds were found to form separate clades closely related to alligators. Birds retain a truncated version of mammalian type SP-A1 and a non-collagenous C-type lectin, while losing the large collagenous SP-D lectin.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
C. K. Hui Mingalone, C. R. Nehme, Y. Chen, J. Liu, B. N. Longo, K. D. Garvey, S. M. Covello, H. C. Nielsen, T. James, W. C. Messner, L. Zeng
Summary: The study suggests that high glucose levels and mechanical stress have a permissive effect on the loss and degradation of articular cartilage, indicating that mechanical stress may confound the association between diabetes and osteoarthritis. A novel whole joint-in-motion culture system was used to investigate the effects of glucose and loading stress on cartilage.
OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mitchell C. Lock, Kimberley J. Botting, Beth J. Allison, Youguo Niu, Sage G. Ford, Michael P. Murphy, Sandra Orgeig, Dino A. Giussani, Janna L. Morrison
Summary: Chronic fetal hypoxemia increases the risk of respiratory complications at birth. Maternal antioxidant therapy has been shown to be protective for fetal growth and cardiovascular development. This study investigated the effects of maternal antenatal treatment with MitoQ on lung development in hypoxic pregnancy in sheep, and found that it promoted fetal pulmonary surfactant maturation and increased expression of key genes involved in lung development.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Respiratory System
T. Paget, E. Parkinson-Lawrence, J. Morrison, S. Orgeig
Meeting Abstract
Respiratory System
T. Paget, A. Larcombe, E. Parkinson-Lawrence, S. Orgeig
Article
Physiology
Alyssa R. Mickle, Jesus D. Penaloza-Aponte, Richard Coffey, Natale A. Hall, David Baekey, Erica A. Dale
Summary: Closed-loop epidural stimulation (CL-ES) can improve respiratory deficits caused by cervical spinal cord injury, restoring diaphragm activity and enhancing contralateral activity. This treatment has the potential to lead to lasting recovery and device independence.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Shawn Miller Jr, Edgar Juarez Lopez, Jessica M. L. Grittner, Brendan J. Dougherty
Summary: This study tested the impact of CO2 supplementation at different concentrations on ventilatory long-term facilitation (vLTF) in rats and found that 2% CO2 supplementation during and after acute, intermittent hypoxia (AIH) was sufficient to maintain isocapnia and induce significant vLTF.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Behnam Vafadari, Yoshitaka Oku, Charlotte Tacke, Ali Harb, Swen Huelsmann
Summary: The preBo·tzinger Complex (preBo·tC) in the brainstem plays a critical role in generating respiratory rhythm. This study aimed to investigate the activity of inhibitory glycinergic neurons in the preBo·tC of anesthetized mice. Using juxtacellular recordings and optogenetic activation, the researchers were able to identify and characterize the activity pattern of these inhibitory neurons in relation to the breathing rhythm.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Stephen M. Johnson, Maia G. Gumnit, Sarah M. Johnson, Tracy L. Baker, Jyoti J. Watters
Summary: Low-level activation of mu-opioid receptors can increase the amplitude of inspiratory bursts in neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations. Endomorphin-2, an endogenous ligand for these receptors, was found to have similar effects. Disinhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission may not be involved in the changes induced by endomorphin-2, and different mechanisms may underlie the increase in burst amplitude and decrease in burst frequency.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Raphael Martins de Abreu, Beatrice Cairo, Patricia Rehder-Santos, Claudio Donisete da Silva, Etore De Favari Signini, Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos, Camila Akemi Sakaguchi, Aparecida Maria Catai, Alberto Porta
Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between exercise capacity based on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and resting cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) levels. The results showed that resting CRC values were associated with exercise capacity in athletes but not in non-athletes.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Sarah M. Russel, Raluca E. Gosman, Katherine Gonzalez, Joshua Wright, Dennis O. Frank-Ito
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the response of different nasal morphologies to airflow-related variables during rapid/deep inspiration. The results showed that notched nasal vestibules had higher resistance values and airflow velocities, while standard nasal vestibules had higher mucosal heat flux. Different nasal phenotypes may predispose individuals to exercise-induced rhinitis.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Ivan Poliacek, Lukas Martvon, Michal Simera, Marcel Veternik, Jakub Misek, Lucia Cibulkova, Kimberly E. Iceman, Donald C. Bolser, Teresa Pitts
Summary: An animal model study evaluated the effects of an abdominal incision on cough and swallow, revealing that abdominal wall manipulations can increase pharyngeal muscle activity during swallow without affecting the cough reflex. Swallowing tended to occur more during the inspiratory phase. The results highlight the important role of abdominal wall sensory feedback in regulating swallow motor patterns.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Rui Yu, Tatsuma Okazaki, Yuzhuo Ren, Junko Okuyama, Satoru Ebihara, Shin-Ichi Izumi
Summary: Body postures significantly influence respiratory muscle force, cough pressure, subjective ease of coughing, and pulmonary function. The 60-degree semi-recumbent posture and sitting posture show better results compared to the supine posture.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Suzuna Sato, Koji Ishida, Noriko I. Tanaka, Keisho Katayama
Summary: Respiratory muscle endurance training has beneficial effects on whole-body endurance performance. A novel high-intensity interval (HII) protocol is found to enhance the efficacy of respiratory muscle training programs.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Letter
Physiology
R. Arieli
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Correction
Physiology
Ivan Poliacek, Michal Simera, Marcel Veternik, Zuzana Kotmanova, Teresa Pitts, Jan Hanacek, Jana Plevkova, Peter Machac, Nadezda Visnovcova, Jakub Misek, Jan Jakus
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Physiology
Dimitrios I. Bourdas, Nickos D. Geladas
Summary: This study examined the effects of breath-hold training on the performance of novice and elite breath-hold divers. The results showed that breath-hold training significantly improved red blood cell concentration, hemoglobin oxygen saturation steady state duration, and breath-hold time in novice divers. Elite divers had better breath-hold performance and higher peak mean arterial pressure compared to novices. The study suggests that breath-hold training can enhance the performance of divers.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2024)
