Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Qing Liu, Lingxiao Zhou, Peiling Feng, Jinkai Liu, Bin Shen, Lili Huang, Yingying Wang, Yimin Zou, Yang Xia, Gang Huang
Summary: The single-breath helium dilution method underestimates lung volume in patients with obstructive lung disease, but a correction equation was established to accurately assess total lung volume in patients of different disease severities.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Cuneyt Tayman, Ufuk Cakir, Hasan Akduman, Sefika Karabulut, Murat Caglayan
Summary: The study demonstrated that Apocynin can prevent and treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) by reducing oxidative stress, blocking inflammation, and enhancing antioxidant status. These effects may be achieved through reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, decreasing proinflammatory cytokines, lowering NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and increasing Nrf2 levels.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Lei Wang, Yang Cai, Johan Garssen, Paul A. J. Henricks, Gert Folkerts, Saskia Braber
Summary: Epidemiological studies show that COPD is linked to changes in intestinal health. Cigarette smoking, a major cause of COPD, affects the gastrointestinal system and promotes intestinal diseases. Gut-lung interactions occur through circulating inflammatory cells and mediators. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, systemic hypoxia, and oxidative stress play a role in the gut-lung axis. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms of gut-lung interactions in COPD and highlights potential therapies for intestinal dysfunction.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vittoria Ventura, Magda Viani, Francesco Bianchi, Miriana d'Alessandro, Piersante Sestini, Elena Bargagli
Summary: Patients with pulmonary fibrosis experience early oxyhemoglobin desaturation under effort, limiting their exercise ability and quality of life. Recent studies have shown that outpatient oxygen administration significantly improves stress dyspnoea and quality of life in hypoxemic patients. The authors tested the hypothesis that correcting hypoxemia could reduce the increase in respiratory effort during the 6 min walking test.
Article
Respiratory System
Trisha M. Parekh, Erika S. Helgeson, John Connett, Helen Voelker, Sharon X. Ling, Stephen C. Lazarus, Surya P. Bhatt, David M. MacDonald, Takudzwa Mkorombindo, Ken M. Kunisaki, Spyridon Fortis, David Kaminsky, Mark T. Dransfield
Summary: Metoprolol may be associated with increased risk of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but its effects on lung function are not significant and do not persist. Early lung function reduction and baseline bronchodilator responsiveness do not interact with treatment assignment to predict exacerbations, except for baseline FVC bronchodilator responsiveness, which is associated with a 60% higher rate of severe or very severe exacerbations.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Meltem Guzin Altinel, Hasim Uslu, Ayse Yagmur Kanra, Orhan Dalkilic
Summary: The study evaluated the effect of OSAS and CPAP therapy on choroidal structural changes and CVI in patients with OSAS. OSAS was associated with stromal edema in the choroid, which improved after 12 months of CPAP therapy. CVI can be an important parameter for monitoring patients with OSAS.
Review
Respiratory System
Daniel Taylor, Alex R. Jenkins, Kate Parrott, Alex Benham, Samantha Targett, Arwel W. Jones
Summary: This review found that unsupervised exercise interventions have clinical benefits on health-related quality of life in COPD patients, but more high-quality randomized trials are needed to further validate their effectiveness.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Su Won Lee, Jae Jun Park, Yee Ran Lyu, Eun Jung Lee, Si Yeon Kim, Weechang Kang, Ji Woong Son, In Chul Jung, Yang Chun Park
Summary: In patients with COPD, lung-conduction exercises (LCE) have shown some improvement in symptoms and quality of life, but pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) demonstrates more significant improvements compared to standard care (SC) alone. Further studies with larger sample sizes, longer duration, and additional outcome measures are needed to explore the precise use and benefits of LCE.
Review
Physiology
Bingzhi Zhang, Peijun Li, Jian Li, Xiaodan Liu, Weibing Wu
Summary: Oxidative stress is a main factor causing diaphragm dysfunction in COPD, while exercise plays a positive role in preventing and improving this dysfunction. The effects of exercise on oxidative stress and diaphragm function depend on the intensity, duration, and style of exercise.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Hideyasu Yamada, Isao Matsumoto, Naoyuki Makita, Yoshifumi Arita, Nobuya Hayashi, Kurena Mitsuoka, Naoki Tashiro, Nobuyuki Hizawa
Summary: This study investigated the effect of prompt vs delayed initiation of long-acting bronchodilators on exacerbation risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The results showed that initiating long-acting bronchodilator therapy within 30 days of COPD diagnosis prolonged time to first exacerbation and reduced the rate of moderate or severe exacerbations.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Leona Dowman, Catherine J. Hill, Anthony May, Anne E. Holland
Summary: This study aims to determine the benefits and safety of pulmonary rehabilitation for ILD patients. The results show that pulmonary rehabilitation may improve exercise capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life in ILD patients, especially in those with IPF.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elisabetta Zampogna, Nicolino Ambrosino, Federico Mattia Oliva, Monica Rudi, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Antonio Spanevello, Dina Visca
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on heart rate recovery (HRR) in individuals with asthma compared to those with COPD. The findings showed that individuals with asthma had a lower prevalence of slow HRR than those with COPD. However, exercise training significantly improved exercise capacity in both populations.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Gabriel-Petrica Bala, Ovidiu Rosca, Felix Bratosin, Uday Shree Akkala Shetty, Sai Diksha Vutukuru, Isabella-Ionela Sanda, Monica Marc, Ovidiu Fira-Mladinescu, Cristian Oancea
Summary: This study highlights the association between airborne particulate matter sizes and exacerbation frequencies in COPD patients, with a higher risk observed in GOLD 4 patients. Additionally, environmental factors such as the size of living areas and proximity to main roads play a significant role in COPD exacerbations.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Weiyan Ren, Yijie Duan, Yih-Kuen Jan, Wenqiang Ye, Jianchao Li, Wei Liu, Hongmei Liu, Junchao Guo, Fang Pu, Yubo Fan
Summary: This study found that higher volumes of exercise are associated with better plantar microcirculation and lower plantar tissue hardness in people with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, weight-bearing exercise appeared to not increase the risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Andre Nyberg, Nadia Milad, Mickael Martin, Dany Patoine, Mathieu C. Morissette, Didier Saey, Francois Maltais
Summary: This study investigated the role of progression of training volume in intramuscular adaptations in patients with COPD undergoing resistance training. The findings suggest that continued progression of training volume can lead to improvements in fiber type distribution, muscle protein levels, and quadriceps endurance in patients with COPD. These findings highlight the importance of continued progression of training volume for counteracting quadriceps dysfunction in this population.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
David Groves, Urvee Karsanji, Rachael A. Evans, Neil Greening, Sally J. Singh, Jennifer K. Quint, Hannah Whittaker, Matthew Richardson, James Barrett, Stephen P. Sutch, Michael C. Steiner
Summary: In COPD patients, disease severity is the best predictor of mortality, while a combination of disease severity and multimorbidity indices can better predict hospitalization. The ACG algorithm performs better in predicting hospitalization compared to conventional regression models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gillian Doe, Jill Clanchy, Simon Wathall, Stacey Chantrell, Sarah Edwards, Noel Baxter, Darren Jackson, Natalie Armstrong, Michael Steiner, Rachael A. Evans
Summary: This study aims to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a structured diagnostic pathway for breathlessness in primary care through a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial, aiming to improve the speed of diagnosis and quality of treatment for patients.
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Sarah Gephine, Carla Simonelli, Guido Vagheggini, Rachael Evans, Thomas J. C. Ward
Article
Respiratory System
Divya Mohan, Harry Rossiter, Henrik Watz, Charles Fogarty, Rachael A. Evans, William Man, Maggie Tabberer, Misba Beerahee, Subramanya Kumar, Helen Millns, Sebin Thomas, Ruth Tal-Singer, Alan J. Russell, Marie Claire Holland, Chika Akinseye, David Neil, Michael Polkey
Summary: In this study, the effects of a selective androgen receptor modulator, GSK2881078, on leg strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were investigated. The results showed that GSK2881078 increased leg strength in male COPD patients, but had no significant effect on female patients. The study also found that the use of GSK2881078 was associated with reversible side effects, such as reductions in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and transient elevations in hepatic transaminases.
Article
Primary Health Care
Gillian E. Doe, Marie T. Williams, Stacey Chantrell, Michael C. Steiner, Natalie Armstrong, Ann Hutchinson, Rachael A. Evans
Summary: This study explored the experiences of patients with chronic breathlessness who were awaiting a diagnosis and primary care clinicians. The findings identified potential reasons for delays in diagnosis and suggested interventions to improve symptom recognition, diagnostic approaches, and clinician communication to achieve earlier diagnosis and management for better patient outcomes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Gillian Doe, Simon Wathall, Jill Clanchy, Sarah Edwards, Helen Evans, Michael C. Steiner, Rachael A. Evans
Summary: This study compared two recruitment strategies and found that using an electronic template triggered during a consultation significantly increased recruitment of patients with breathlessness for prospective research.
NPJ PRIMARY CARE RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Thomas J. C. Ward, Charles D. Plumptre, Alessandra Fraser-Pye, Thomas E. Dolmage, Amy Jones, Ruth Trethewey, Lorna Latimer, Sally J. Singh, Martin R. Lindley, Michael C. Steiner, Rachael A. Evans
Summary: Pulmonary rehabilitation programmes, particularly aerobic training, improve cardiorespiratory fitness in COPD patients, but the optimal programme design remains uncertain.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kim Poole-Wright, Ismail Guennouni, Olivia Sterry, Rachael A. Evans, Fiona Gaughran, Trudie Chalder
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate postinfection fatigue among survivors of SARS-CoV-2 and associated factors. The results showed that a significant proportion of survivors experienced fatigue, but this fatigue reduced over time. Female gender, age, physical functioning, breathlessness, and psychological distress were frequently reported associations with fatigue.
Article
Primary Health Care
Gillian Doe, Stephanie J. C. Taylor, Marko Topalovic, Richard Russell, Rachael A. Evans, Julie Maes, Karolien Van Orshovon, Anthony Sunjaya, David Scott, A. Toby Prevost, Ethaar El-Emir, Jennifer Harvey, Nicholas S. Hopkinson, Samantha S. Kon, Suhani Patel, Ian Jarrold, Nanette Spain, William D-C Man, Ann Hutchinson
Summary: This study aimed to explore perspectives on spirometry provision in primary care and the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) decision support software to improve quality and interpretation. The study found historical challenges and the impact of the pandemic on inequity in spirometry provision. It suggests delivering services closer to patients’ homes by appropriately trained staff and highlights the potential role of AI in supporting clinicians. However, sufficient validation of the software is crucial for clinician and healthcare commissioner trust in the process.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Matthew Maddocks, Lisa J. Brighton, Jennifer A. Alison, Lies ter Beek, Surya P. Bhatt, Nathan E. Brummel, Chris Burtin, Matteo Cesari, Rachael A. Evans, Lauren E. Ferrante, Oscar Flores-Flores, Frits M. E. Franssen, Chris Garvey, Samantha L. Harrison, Anand S. Iyer, Lies Lahouse, Suzanne Lareau, Annemarie L. Lee, William D. -C. Man, Alessandra Marengoni, Hamish J. C. McAuley, Dmitry Rozenberg, Jonathan P. Singer, Martijn A. Spruit, Christian R. Osadnik
Summary: People with respiratory disease have an increased risk of developing frailty, and rehabilitation plays an important role in managing frailty in this population. However, identifying frailty and delivering rehabilitation for these individuals remain challenging. This workshop aimed to outline definitions and concepts, synthesize evidence, and explore adaptation of programs for people with respiratory disease and frailty. Participants discussed the frailty rehabilitation paradox and highlighted the need for comprehensive assessment, tailored support, and exercise prescriptions that consider symptom burden and comorbidities. Research is required to expand understanding and explore telerehabilitation or home-based pulmonary rehabilitation for this population.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Amy V. Jones, Rachael A. Evans, Alexander S. Harrison, Lauren B. Sherar, Michael C. Steiner, Patrick Doherty, Sally J. Singh
Summary: This study investigated the participation and completion of rehabilitation programs by patients with coexisting COPD and CHF, and compared the outcomes. The results showed that patients with COPD and CHF had lower participation in cardiac rehabilitation, but higher participation in pulmonary rehabilitation. Patients with COPD had better performance in the incremental shuttle walk test following rehabilitation compared to patients with COPD+CHF. The improvements in the 6-min walk test, quality of life, and mood state were similar between the two groups, regardless of diagnosis.
Article
Respiratory System
Urvee Karsanji, Rachael A. Evans, Jennifer K. Quint, Kamlesh Khunti, Claire A. Lawson, Emily Petherick, Neil J. Greening, Sally J. Singh, Matthew Richardson, Michael C. Steiner
Summary: The prevalence of MetS in COPD patients is 10.1%, and it is associated with higher 5-year mortality risk. However, the impact is minimal when adjusted for COPD disease severity and other comorbidities. Individual components of MetS have differential impacts on mortality.
Letter
Respiratory System
Thomas E. Dolmage, Roger S. Goldstein
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Thomas Gille, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Georgios Kaltsakas, Shailesh B. Kolekar, Matthew Armstrong, Rachel Tuffnell, Rachael A. Evans, Guido Vagheggini, Luiza Helena Degani-Costa, Claudia Vicente, Nilakash Das, Vitalii Poberezhets, Camille Rolland-Debord, Sam Bayat, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Frits M. E. Franssen, Hilary Pinnock, Lowie E. G. W. Vanfleteren
Summary: This article provides an overview of the clinical and scientific advances in the field of respiratory medicine presented at the 2021 European Respiratory Society International Congress. The selected presentations cover a wide range of topics, including laboratory-based science, randomized controlled trials, and qualitative research.
Article
Respiratory System
Hamish McAuley, Kate Hadley, Omer Elneima, Christopher E. Brightling, Rachael A. Evans, Michael C. Steiner, Neil J. Greening
Summary: During the initial 6 weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the UK, there was a significant increase in anxiety symptoms among participants, improved adherence to preventative inhalers, and a noticeable increase in community-managed exacerbation events.
