Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Maria Pufulete, Kalaivani Mahadevan, Thomas W. Johnson, Christalla Pithara, Sabi Redwood, Umberto Benedetto, Julian P. T. Higgins, Barnaby C. Reeves
Summary: This study systematically identified potential confounders and co-interventions for three nonrandomized studies of interventions aiming to quantify bleeding in populations exposed to different dual antiplatelet therapy. The majority of factors were identified through a review, while interviews revealed hard-to-measure factors such as patient adherence and local prescribing culture. These methods could be widely applied in designing or reviewing nonrandomized studies of interventions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Zhao, Yi-ping Chen, Qing-yi Ma
Summary: The study found that the main cause of giant pandas' exposure to persistent organic pollutants was the secondary volatilization of POPs during periods of high temperatures, while atmospheric transport played a crucial role in the secondary distribution of pollutants in panda food. Additionally, historical residues transmitted over long distances and new inputs from agricultural activities were also important sources of exposure to pollutants for giant pandas.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Dan Norback, Gunilla Wieslander
Summary: Buckwheat allergy is a neglected but noteworthy allergy, with identified allergenic proteins that cross-react with other foods. The prevalence among populations consuming buckwheat in Japan, Korea, and China is estimated to be around 0.1-0.4%, with severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis being relatively rare.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chelsea A. Weitekamp, Rachel M. Shaffer, Catheryne Chiang, Geniece M. Lehmann, Krista Christensen
Summary: This study investigates the PCB contamination in the Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne caused by the discharge of contaminated waste from Superfund sites in the 1950s to 1970s. It identifies research gaps and suggests future research priorities by developing an evidence map of PCB research. The study highlights the need for new studies to address uncertainties in current PCB exposure levels and source characterization.
Review
Cell Biology
Daria E. A. Jensen, Virginia Leoni, Miriam C. Klein-Flugge, Klaus P. Ebmeier, Sana Suri
Summary: The study found that lower diet quality was associated with reduced brain volume and connectivity, especially in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, cingulate, entorhinal cortex, and the hippocampus. Associations were also observed in connecting fibre pathways and in particular the default-mode, sensorimotor, and attention networks.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kellianne M. Piell, Belinda J. Petri, Kimberly Z. Head, Banrida Wahlang, Raobo Xu, Xiang Zhang, Jianmin Pan, Shesh N. Rai, Kalpani de Silva, Julia H. Chariker, Eric C. Rouchka, Min Tan, Yan Li, Matthew C. Cave, Carolyn M. Klinge
Summary: Chronic exposure to PCBs and a high-fat diet can lead to NAFLD. In this study, mice fed a low-fat diet were exposed to a non-dioxin-like mixture of PCBs, resulting in steatohepatitis and NAFLD. The liver epitranscriptome was altered, and different RNA modifications were observed between low-fat and high-fat diet groups. The NRF2 pathway was identified in the chronic, low-fat diet, PCB-exposed livers, while the NFATC4 pathway was found in low-fat diet versus high-fat diet groups. Changes in protein abundance were confirmed. This study highlights the impact of diet and PCB exposure on the liver epitranscriptome in association with NAFLD.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaodie Yao, Shijie Geng, Lijun Zhu, Hua Jiang, Juan Wen
Summary: In addition to known sociodemographic factors, long-term exposure to environmental pollutants has been found to contribute to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), although there is controversy surrounding the conclusions. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to comprehensively examine the association between environmental pollutants and GDM. The analysis of epidemiological studies revealed associations between GDM and exposure to certain pollutants, such as phthalates, per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Experimental studies suggested potential biological mechanisms linking pollution exposure and GDM, including insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, inflammation, and alterations in gut microbiome.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Burhan Basaran, Burcu Cuvalci, Guzin Kaban
Summary: Acrylamide, a potential carcinogenic compound, is a contaminant formed during the thermal processing of various commonly consumed foods. The health risks associated with acrylamide exposure are still not fully understood, leading to extensive research on its relationship with cancer risk. This study focused on epidemiological research, specifically examining the associations between dietary acrylamide exposure and cancer risk.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Jessica A. Wood, Emma P. Halmos, Kirstin M. Taylor, Peter R. Gibson
Summary: The association of dietary factors with the development of CD is widely acknowledged but has not been clearly identified through clinical trials. Currently, research primarily relies on epidemiological data, with most CD dietary RCTs overlooking the relationship between diet and CD development.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Bayan Hosseini, Amy L. Hall, Kazem Zendehdel, Hans Kromhout, Felix M. Onyije, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Maryam Zamanian, Joachim Schuz, Ann Olsson
Summary: Occupational cancers in Iran are still in an early stage of epidemiology. Studies on exposure monitoring and epidemiology are limited in size, thus unable to provide strong evidence of occupational cancer risks. It is necessary to estimate the burden of occupational cancer in Iran through conducting epidemiological studies and systematically monitoring occupational carcinogens.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ron Sarafian, Itai Kloog, Jonathan D. Rosenblatt
Summary: This study aims to improve the estimation of exposure effects by sharing information between the first and second stages. The researchers identify individuals of higher importance based on optimal experimental design theory and improve the imputation of these individuals using ideas from machine learning. The results show that the exposure effect estimates are more accurate compared to the current best practice.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pragalathan Naidoo, Terisha Ghazi, Anil A. Chuturgoon, Rajen N. Naidoo, Veron Ramsuran, Miranda N. Mpaka-Mbatha, Khethiwe N. Bhengu, Nomzamo Nembe, Zamathombeni Duma, Roxanne Pillay, Ravesh Singh, Zilungile L. Mkhize-Kwitshanaa
Summary: Soil-transmitted helminths infect billions globally, with poor environmental sanitation and pollution exacerbating the hyper-inflammatory immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Helminth-induced Th2/Th3 immune response may protect against lung damage but could be hindered by air pollutants overexpressing ACE2 receptors. Further studies are needed to understand the complex interactions between helminths, air pollution, and SARS-CoV-2.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Reyhaneh Sadat Jafari, Vahideh Behrouz
Summary: Neurological disorders are a major cause of global disability and decreased quality of life. Lifestyle factors, including dietary patterns, play an important role in neurological function. The Nordic diet (ND) is believed to have protective effects on brain function. However, the effectiveness of the ND pattern in improving neurological function and brain health is not fully understood.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nayan Chandra Mohanto, Yuki Ito, Sayaka Kato, Michihiro Kamijima
Summary: The review compiled human epidemiological study findings of associations between blood and/or urinary exposure levels of environmental chemicals and anthropometric overweight and obesity indices, revealing research gaps that should be addressed. Evidence explicitly reveals the consistent obesogenic roles of chemical compounds like BPA, DDE, and PFOA, but inconsistent roles of phthalate metabolites and other POPs. Further prospective studies may yield deeper insights into the overall scenario.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Toxicology
Yalcin Duydu, Nursen Basaran, Hermann M. Bolt
Summary: Boric acid and sodium borates are toxic to reproduction and development. A high daily boron exposure level has been found in mining areas and processing plants in China and Turkiye. Despite this high exposure, no reproductive and developmental effects have been reported in humans. Blood boron concentrations in humans are lower than the levels associated with adverse effects in rats.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Uliana De Simone, Anna Cleta Croce, Patrizia Pignatti, Eleonora Buscaglia, Francesca Caloni, Teresa Coccini
Summary: This study utilized a 3D spheroid model of primary neuron-like cells of human origin to induce Fe3O4NP, finding early cell death and impaired ATP upon NP application, with a concentration-dependent neurotoxic effect observed. Application of Fe3O4NPs after complete 3D formation also resulted in cell death and ATP reduction, although less severe.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Elisa Roda, Maria Grazia Bottone
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elisa Roda, Daniela Ratto, Fabrizio De Luca, Anthea Desiderio, Martino Ramieri, Lorenzo Goppa, Elena Savino, Maria Grazia Bottone, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Paola Rossi
Summary: Phenotypic frailty is characterized by a decline in physical functioning. The theories behind brain aging involve oxidative stress, free radical accumulation, and reduced antioxidant defenses. Medicinal mushrooms, such as Hericium erinaceus (He), have been found to have health and longevity benefits. Particularly, the extract from H. erinaceus primordium (He2) contains a high amount of Ergothioneine (ERGO), a longevity vitamin. In this study, the preventive effect of ERGO-rich He2 extract in a preclinical model is demonstrated, showing neuro-protective and preventive effects during aging.
Article
Psychiatry
S. Spulber, F. Elberling, J. Svensson, M. Tiger, S. Ceccatelli, J. Lundberg
Summary: This study investigates the correlation between activity patterns and severity of depressive symptoms. Multiple regression models were trained using activity monitoring recordings, and the results suggest that activity patterns are related to the severity of depressive symptoms, indicating that activity recordings may be a useful tool for evaluating patients with major depressive disorder.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniela Ratto, Elisa Roda, Marcello Romeo, Maria Teresa Venuti, Anthea Desiderio, Giuseppe Lupo, Enrica Capelli, Anna Sandionigi, Paola Rossi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of physiological aging on gut microbiome composition and the relationship between cognitive frailty and gut microbiome composition. The results showed that physiological aging significantly affected the overall gut microbiome composition and the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Additionally, several amplicon sequence variants were found to be significantly associated with the Cognitive Frailty Index.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ludovica Gaiaschi, Elisa Roda, Cristina Favaron, Federica Gola, Elisabetta Gabano, Mauro Ravera, Paola Rossi, Maria Grazia Bottone
Summary: Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal brain tumor, and finding new treatment methods is crucial. The study discovered that micotherapy plays an important role in regulating cell cycle and cellular redox state, making it a potential adjunct therapy for chemotherapy. Additionally, the combined therapy was found to induce regulated form of cell death and hinder the development of resistance mechanisms.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Davide Scalvini, Annalisa Schiepatti, Stiliano Maimaris, Emanuele Cosentini, Roberta Muscia, Virginia Gregorio, Elisa Roda, Federico Fassio, Paola Baiardi, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Federico Biagi
Summary: The immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was not reduced in patients with coeliac disease compared to controls, while it was impaired in patients with Whipple's disease and common-variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Post-vaccination humoral response should be monitored in patients with Whipple's disease and chronic enteropathies on immunosuppressive therapy in order to schedule vaccine booster doses.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beatrice Marchetti, Sabrine Bilel, Micaela Tirri, Raffaella Arfe, Giorgia Corli, Elisa Roda, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Elena Cavarretta, Fabio De Giorgio, Matteo Marti
Summary: A study investigated the effects of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and Delta(9)-THC on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of mice, finding that JWH-018 caused heart rhythm abnormalities and hypertension, while Delta(9)-THC resulted in bradycardia and mild hypertension. These effects could be prevented by treatment with CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Elisa Roda, Fabrizio De Luca, Daniela Ratto, Erica Cecilia Priori, Elena Savino, Maria Grazia Bottone, Paola Rossi
Summary: With the increase in the global geriatric population, the promotion of healthy aging has become a key issue. Brain aging is a crucial risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders and dementia, and recognition memory is one of the most affected cognitive functions. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a role in cognitive impairments, and there is a link between frailty, oxidative stress, and inflammaging. Medicinal mushrooms, particularly Hericium erinaceus, show potential as a source for new therapeutic strategies. An extract from Hericium erinaceus rich in Ergothioneine has shown promising results in preventing recognition memory decline, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress markers, and increasing glutamate receptor expression in a mouse model of aging.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fabrizio De Luca, Elisa Roda, Daniela Ratto, Anthea Desiderio, Maria Teresa Venuti, Martino Ramieri, Maria Grazia Bottone, Elena Savino, Paola Rossi
Summary: Using a 4T1 triple-negative mouse breast cancer model, this study found that orally administered medicinal mushrooms containing beta-glucans have a direct and specific anti-cancer effect on cerebellar metastases and improve locomotor performances. The neuroprotective effect of the medicinal mushrooms is achieved through inhibiting TNBC cerebellar metastasis and regulating apoptosis and proliferation-related genes. This MM supplement, used as adjuvant treatment with conventional therapy, shows promise for the prevention and treatment of brain metastases from breast cancer in Integrative Oncology.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beatrice Marchetti, Sabrine Bilel, Micaela Tirri, Giorgia Corli, Elisa Roda, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Elena Cavarretta, Fabio De-Giorgio, Matteo Marti
Summary: JWH-018 is a known compound used for its psychoactive effects, but it also has toxic effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. This study investigated the effects of different antidotes on the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to JWH-018 in male mice. The results showed that while all tested antidotes reduced tachycardia and tachyarrhythmia and improved breathing functions, only atropine completely reversed the heart rate and pulse distension. These findings provide valuable information for the treatment of intoxicated patients in emergency clinical settings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica Gola, Ludovica Gaiaschi, Elisa Roda, Fabrizio De Luca, Federica Ferulli, Riccardo Vicini, Paola Rossi, Maria Grazia Bottone
Summary: The potential functional properties of the extracts from the edible part of Capsicum annuum L. var. Peperone di Voghera were investigated. The VP extract showed antioxidant and antiaging activities in vitro, as evidenced by increased cell viability and enhanced expression of proteins related to redox homeostasis and mitochondrial functionality. These results suggest that VP derivatives may serve as valuable food supplements.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raj Bose, Stefan Spulber, Sandra Ceccatelli
Summary: Exposure to chemicals like methylmercury and certain PFAS may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders especially in vulnerable groups. High levels of exposure are known to cause detrimental effects on neurodevelopment, but the impact of low-level exposures is not fully understood. Studies using neural stem cells have shown that even low concentrations of these chemicals can disrupt critical neurodevelopmental processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Elisa Roda, Fabrizio De Luca, Erica Cecilia Priori, Daniela Ratto, Silvana Pinelli, Emilia Corradini, Paola Mozzoni, Diana Poli, Giuliano Mazzini, Maria Grazia Bottone, Anna Maria Gatti, Matteo Marti, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Paola Rossi, Daniele Bottai
Summary: Increasing reports of neurological and psychiatric outcomes due to the use of psychostimulant synthetic cathinones (SCs) have raised public concern. However, the neurotoxic mechanisms of a major MDPV derivative, alpha PHP, remain poorly understood. In this in vitro study, alpha PHP was found to significantly decrease the viability, proliferation, and clonal capability of murine neural stem/progenitor cells, accompanied by activation of apoptotic/autophagic/necroptotic pathways and ultrastructural alterations. These findings suggest that alpha PHP may damage neural stem/progenitor cells and the fundamental units of adult neurogenic niches, leading to long-lasting and irreversible CNS damage. This research is important for gaining a broader understanding of the toxicology of SCs and establishing appropriate treatment for new psychoactive substances (NPS) and their potential consequences for public health.
Meeting Abstract
Toxicology
Lucia Bernasconi, Valeria M. Petrolini, Cristina Grazioli, Valentina Negrini, Benedetta Brolli, Paola Baiardi, Anna Losurdo, Luisa Gervasio, Letizia Borra, Elisa Roda, Fabio Blandini, Saverio Robustelli Della Cuna, Valentina Tibollo, Olha Maystrova, Eleonora Buscaglia, Carlo A. Locatelli
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Fiona Sewell, Ian Ragan, Graham Horgan, David Andrew, Thomas Holmes, Irene Manou, Boris P. Mueller, Tim Rowan, Barbara G. Schmitt, Marco Corvaro
Summary: There are currently three test guidelines for acute oral toxicity studies, but the subjectivity of one guideline may be hindering its wider use. In order to address this, the NC3Rs and EPAA collaborated to analyze historical data and provide recommendations on the recognition of 'evident toxicity'.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Michael DeVito, Bas Bokkers, Majorie B. M. van Duursen, Karin van Ede, Mark Feeley, Elsa Antunes Fernandes Gaspar, Laurie Haws, Sean Kennedy, Richard E. Peterson, Ron Hoogenboom, Keiko Nohara, Kim Petersen, Cynthia Rider, Martin Rose, Stephen Safe, Dieter Schrenk, Matthew W. Wheeler, Daniele S. Wikoff, Bin Zhao, Martin van den Berg
Summary: In October 2022, the World Health Organization reevaluated the toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for chlorinated dioxin-like compounds in a panel convened in Lisbon. This effort utilized an updated database, Bayesian dose response modeling, and meta-analysis to derive Best-Estimate TEFs. Applying these new TEFs may result in lower total toxic equivalents for dioxin-like chemicals.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
