Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Wenxing Jiang, Xianhong Zhang, Dong Chen, Yuhong Ma, Wantai Yang
Summary: A novel modification strategy utilizing BMI-HPPs was developed to reduce the dielectric constant and enhance the toughness of CE resins, showing great potential in the fields of microelectronics and aerospace. The modified CE resins exhibited significantly improved properties, including lower ε values, enhanced wave transmission, and increased impact strength compared to pristine CE resins.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Lyaysan Amirova, Christian Brauner, Markus Grob, Nicolas Gort, Fabian Schadt, Nikos Pantelelis, Thomas Ricard, Wilco Gerrits
Summary: A cure kinetics investigation was conducted on a high temperature-resistant phenol novolac cyanate ester toughened with polyether sulfone blend, using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Thin ply carbon fiber prepreg based on this blend was fabricated, and plates for in-situ cure monitoring were manufactured using automated fiber placement. Online monitoring of curing behavior was carried out using Optimold sensors and Online Resin State software.
Article
Polymer Science
Rebecca T. Haber, Andrea R. Browning, Bayleigh R. Graves, William P. Davis, Jeffrey S. Wiggins
Summary: This study computationally predicted the melting temperature and melt properties of thermosetting monomers used in aerospace applications. The voids method and torsion/orientational order parameter analysis shed light on the relationship between molecular motion freedom and melting temperature/properties.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhangzhang Tang, Jing Yang, Junhui Gong, Xinrui Zhang, Shoubing Chen, Qihua Wang, Tingmei Wang, Jianqiang Zhang, Yaoming Zhang
Summary: A shape memory polymer with high transition temperature was prepared using cyanate ester, CTBN, and epoxy resin, showing tunable Tr and excellent mechanical properties. The addition of CTBN and epoxy resin improved toughness and elongation at break, while adjusting the ratios allowed for tuning Tr and mechanical properties. The shape memory cyanate ester exhibited excellent shape memory effects, including a triple shape memory effect, making it a promising material for various applications.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Michael D. Garrison, Benjamin G. Harvey
Summary: Blending cis-ResCy with commercial cyanate ester resins improved its processability and led to the development of resins with higher T(g)s, improved thermal stability, and decreased moisture uptake. The char yields of the blended networks increased with higher cis-ResCy loading, reaching temperatures as high as 391 degrees C. The combination of cis-ResCy with different commercial cyanate esters showed promising results in improving the overall properties of the resins.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xin Jiang, Fukai Chu, Xia Zhou, Xingjun Li, Pengfei Jia, Xiaoyu Luo, Yuan Hu, Weizhao Hu
Summary: A novel type of BMI monomer (MADQ) based on phosphorus series flame retardant DOPO is designed to improve the fire safety and toughness of BMI. The incorporation of MADQ reduces the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of resultant BMI/MADQ-5 by 37.7% and 33.9%, respectively. Modified BMI/MADQ-1 achieves UL-94V-0 rating and shows significantly higher impact strength. The research provides an innovative idea and basis for the preparation of intrinsic flame-retardant and toughened BMI.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Tanmay Malakar, Paul M. Zimmerman
Summary: In this study, it was found that Brønsted acid (such as triflic acid) differs from Lewis acid in promoting the carbonyl-olefin metathesis by invoking a mechanistic switch to a carbonyl-ene reaction, where oxygen-atom transfer is found to be uncompetitive. Additionally, the conjugate base of TfOH is able to rearrange H atoms and allow isomerization of the carbocations that appear after the carbonyl-ene reaction, providing insights into the mechanism of activation of intramolecular carbonyl-olefin substrates by Brønsted acids.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Xiaodan Li, Wei Huang, Yan Sui, Guanhui Wang, Lin Xiao, Dongxing Zhang
Summary: By adding different amounts of MA0735 into novolac cyanate ester resin, novolac cyanate ester-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS, MA0735) copolymers were prepared and analyzed for their curing behaviors and properties. The polymer with 0.5% MA0735 showed optimal comprehensive properties, combining heat resistance and impact toughness.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Chengjun Zeng, Liwu Liu, Yang Du, Miao Yu, Xiaozhou Xin, Peilei Xu, Fengfeng Li, Linlin Wang, Fenghua Zhang, Yanju Liu, Jinsong Leng
Summary: In this study, a space-deployable device based on shape memory polymer composite (CE-SMPC) was proposed and evaluated for its thermomechanical properties and shape memory behavior. The device exhibited high shape fixity rate and good shape recovery performance in both atmospheric and vacuum environments, ensuring its reliability in space applications. The CE-SMPC-based space-deployable device was successfully applied in China's first Mars exploration mission for autonomous locking and release of the deployable engineering measurement subsystem on the probe.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Noureddine Ramdani, Hamza Zaimeche, Mehdi Derradji
Summary: The use of renewable reagents for producing high-performance polymers has attracted interest due to the abundance of natural resources, their economic cost, limited health impacts, and strong environmental awareness. Various renewable chemical reactants have been utilized to synthesize high-performance bio-based cyanate ester thermosets for applications like resistant coatings, adhesives for composites, and microelectronics. Further exploration into the use of bioresources to produce such thermosets is discussed for future applications.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jianwei Li, Yixiu Wang, Wenzhong Zhao, Peilun Xu, Tingyi Wang, Jie Kong
Summary: This study focuses on the synchronous optimization of microwave transmission and mechanical properties of polymer composites by modifying cyanate ester resin using polysilazane and epoxy resin. The use of quartz fibers as reinforcement resulted in high-performance quartz fiber/PSN/CE-EP composites with improved microwave-transparent and mechanical properties. The results showed that composites with 4 wt% PSN achieved the best comprehensive performance.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jiaxiong Li, Chao Ren, Zhijian Sun, Yanjuan Ren, Haksun Lee, Kyoung-sik Moon, Ching-Ping Wong
Summary: The newly developed NCE/EP copolymers exhibit superior high-temperature stability and are suitable for high-power electronic packaging materials, showing outstanding performance.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Jake A. Muldoon, Michael D. Garrison, Markku A. Savolainen, Benjamin G. Harvey
Summary: Cardanol, a low-cost component of cashew nut shell oil, was converted to a cyanate ester resin and blended with a trifunctional thiol. UV light irradiation allowed for ambient temperature cure and enhanced cross-linking. This material may have potential applications as a toughener for rigid cyanate esters or self-healing materials.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhangzhang Tang, Gao Deng, Pengrui Cao, Junhui Gong, Jing Yang, Zenghui Yang, Yiyuan Sun, Liming Tao, Tingmei Wang, Qihua Wang, Yaoming Zhang
Summary: This research presents a cyanate ester smart composite (CESC) with a reconfigurable, solvent-processable, and near-infrared (NIR)-triggerable shape memory effect (SME), which can achieve a variety of morphed complex shapes of 2D sheets through deformation in a mild situation. The reconfigurable SME and the recyclability of the shape memory cyanate ester (SMCE) are attributed to the dynamic covalent bonds of transesterification and the novel cyanurate exchange. The mechanism of solvent-processable SME is attributed to the varied cross-linking density and the mobility of the polymer chain.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Shailja Goyal, Eric W. Cochran
Summary: The development of polymeric materials that can withstand extreme environments, driven by space exploration and high-speed civil transport, has led to the use of cyanate ester (CE) as a thermoset matrix in aerospace and defense applications. CE exhibits high glass transition temperature, low moisture absorption, and low coefficient of thermal expansion, making it extremely thermally stable. This review examines various inorganic additives, such as silica, clay, boron, and phosphorus, reported in the literature to enhance the thermal properties of CE. The mechanisms for improving thermal stability in CE-inorganic hybrids are also discussed.
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sofia Kapsiani, Brendan J. Howlin
Summary: A machine learning model based on the DrugAge database data was developed to predict whether a chemical compound would extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. The best performing classifier using molecular descriptors achieved an AUC of 0.815, with top features related to atom counts and charge properties. The model successfully classified compounds in an external database, with flavonoids, fatty acids, and organooxygen compounds identified as potentially extending the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Amy M. Fitzgerald, Nathan Wong, Annabel V. L. Fitzgerald, David A. Jesson, Ffion Martin, Richard J. Murphy, Tim Young, Ian Hamerton, Marco L. Longana
Summary: This study evaluated the environmental impact of a new technology and suggested methods to reduce energy demand and reuse water resources. The study also analyzed the environmental impacts of operating the machine in different European countries and found that using renewable energy sources can reduce air pollutants. Furthermore, the transportation method also plays a significant role in the overall environmental impact.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew A. Bone, Brendan J. Howlin, Ian Hamerton, Terence Macquart
Summary: Polymeric materials modelling can accelerate the discovery of new materials, AutoMapper is an open-source application that automates the generation of simulation files, eliminating the majority of human effort through an iterative path search algorithm to accurately map pre- and post-reaction polymerisation structures.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Marcus Purse, Ben Holmes, Marco Sacchi, Brendan Howlin
Summary: This study investigates the pyrolysis and charring mechanisms of large phenol-formaldehyde resin structures using Reactive Molecular Dynamics simulations. It reveals the significant role of ring openings in thermal decomposition and calculates the thermal and mechanical properties of the final pyrolysed structures.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Suihua He, Pascaline Bouzy, Nicholas Stone, Carwyn Ward, Ian Hamerton
Summary: By incorporating 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEPIP) into a commercial epoxy blend, selective localization of amine-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (A-GNPs) was achieved, resulting in a bicontinuous microstructure. Spectral imaging techniques and optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy were used to study the morphology and structure of the cured blend.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Matthew Wearon, Brendan J. Howlin, Chris Lowe, Marie-Laure Abel, John F. Watts
Summary: Computational simulations can save time and costs, providing additional guidance and understanding. This study used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interactions and miscibility of immiscible polymer blends, revealing different levels of miscibility and phase segregation depending on the backbone structures. Coarse-grained simulations were also conducted to examine the morphology of polyester blends at a mesoscopic level.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhiwei Huang, Eleonora Calicchia, Izabela Jurewicz, Edgar Munoz, Rosa Garriga, Giuseppe Portale, Brendan J. Howlin, Joseph L. Keddie
Summary: This study introduces a novel method of using self-assembled oligoglycine as a stabilizer for Pickering emulsions, and discovers that the oligoglycine can adsorb at the oil/water interface and stabilize the emulsion. The oligoglycine also shows a strong pH response in an acidic environment. These findings have potential applications in the field of biomedical and pharmaceuticals.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Narongkorn Krajangsawasdi, Ian Hamerton, Benjamin K. S. Woods, Dmitry S. Ivanov, Marco L. Longana
Summary: This paper explores the use of a novel discontinuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic filament called Discontinuous Aligned Fibre Filament (DcAFF) for 3D printing to produce complex structural parts. The study reshapes initial carbon fibre-poly(lactic acid) (PLA) tape into a circular filament, DcAFF, using a scalable machine designed for high production rates. The filaments are then printed using a general-purpose 3D printer. Tensile and open-hole tensile tests show that the DcAFF specimens have superior mechanical properties compared to other PLA-based 3D printed composites. The failure mechanism of the composite transitions from brittle to ductile through the printing path raster.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Narongkorn Krajangsawasdi, Duc H. Nguyen, Ian Hamerton, Benjamin K. S. Woods, Dmitry S. Ivanov, Marco L. Longana
Summary: DcAFF is a novel fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing material made of highly aligned discontinuous fibres. This study investigates the challenges in printing accuracy for DcAFF and examines techniques for improving it. By adjusting machine parameters and introducing a compensation algorithm, the printing precision can be improved for complex geometries.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Anuradha Kamble, Suihua He, Jonathan R. Howse, Carwyn Ward, Ian Hamerton
Summary: For the first time, convolutional neural networks (CNN) were used to identify phase-separated microstructures in a novel nano-modified polymer composite. The CNN model achieved an accuracy of 65.4% and a 0.5 F1 score using an initial dataset, which was further improved to 80.1% accuracy and a 0.9 F1 score with additional experiments. The trained CNN model significantly reduced the time and cost required for manual screening and characterization.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dominic R. Palubiski, Marco L. Longana, Janice M. Dulieu-Barton, Ian Hamerton, Dmitry S. Ivanov
Summary: This study proposes a repair methodology for interlaminar failure in composites using repairable vitrimer resin. By incorporating a vitrimer matrix into the damaged-prone region during manufacturing and utilizing vacuum pressure and heating, interlaminar failure can be repaired without introducing additional damage. The feasibility of incorporating reparable regions at the manufacturing stage has been successfully demonstrated, achieving higher performance than traditional repair methods.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
J. F. Gargiuli, G. Quino, R. Board, J. C. Griffith, M. S. P. Shaffer, R. S. Trask, I. Hamerton
Summary: Four commercial high-performance aerospace aromatic epoxy matrices were evaluated in terms of their mechanical and thermal properties. The results showed that the thermoplastic toughened formulation exhibited improved overall stress values, while the particle-toughened sample displayed decreased stress values past the yield point. The resin with combined toughening agents performed similarly to the baseline material. Additionally, the dilation angles during plastic deformation were close to 0 degrees. The compressive modulus of the fully formulated resins was higher than that of the model resins, although it came at the expense of yield stress.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yue Tang, Henry E. Symons, Pierangelo Gobbo, Jeroen Sebastiaan Van Duijneveldt, Ian Hamerton, Sebastien Rochat
Summary: A benzoxazine system combining liquid cardanol-based benzoxazine and an effective initiator with bisphenol A-based benzoxazine has been proposed. The mixture shows excellent fluidity and a relatively low peak polymerization temperature, and the cured polybenzoxazine exhibits high thermal decomposition temperature, moderate glass transition temperature, and robust mechanical strength comparable to the homopolymer obtained from curing bisphenol A-based benzoxazine.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cedric Vallee, Brendan J. Howlin, Rebecca Lewis
Summary: This study computed the free energy profiles for ion permeation in two different structures of ASIC1, revealing that Na+ has significantly different energy profiles between the two structures. The results support previous observations and highlight the importance of the 'HG' motif in the interactions between the pore and permeating cations.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiaodan Wu, Zihan Wang, Guansong Shao, Bingyang Qin, Ying Wang, Tao Wang, Zhiguo Liu, Yujie Fu
Summary: In this study, a new type of cellulose-based ionic imprinting adsorbent was developed for the selective removal of cobalt ions. The adsorbent exhibited excellent adsorption performance, high cycling stability, and preferential selectivity for cobalt ions. The simple preparation method and promising application prospects make it a promising candidate for water treatment.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chandirasekar Shanmugam, Vanitha Marimuthu, Nagappan Rajendiran
Summary: In this study, monodispersed gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using cholic acid functionalized star poly(DL-lactide) as a capping and reducing agent. The synthesized materials were found to be effective heterogeneous catalysts for the reduction reaction.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bianca-Iulia Ciubotaru, Mirela-Fernanda Zaltariov, Mihaela Dascalu, Adrian Bele, Alexandra Bargan, Maria Cazacu
Summary: Porous networks were obtained using polysiloxanes pendant functionalized with aminopropyl groups. The addition of certain substances, such as ammonium bicarbonate and acetic acid, promoted the porosity and covalent cross-linking of the polymer. The resulting materials exhibited high dielectric permittivity and significant electrical output signal when subjected to compression, making them suitable for capacitive pressure sensors.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mohamed A. Zein, Basim H. Asghar, Abdulaziz M. Almohyawi, Norah F. Alqahtani, Ahmed Alharbi, J. Alkabli, Reda F. M. Elshaarawy, Lamia A. Ismail
Summary: In this study, new amphiphilic chitosan-thyme extract-nanosilver nanocomposites were prepared, which synergistically inhibited bacterial biofilm formation and bacterial proliferation. The nanocomposites disrupted bacterial cell membranes, causing cell death, and prevented biofilm formation. In addition, the nanocomposites exhibited good biocompatibility, making them potential candidates for biomedical applications.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Norah F. Alqahtani
Summary: This review explores the potential of Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ImILs) in improving the solubility, stability, and functionality of chitosan, and provides an overview of the types and preparation methods of functionalized imidazolium ionic liquids (FImILs). Additionally, it discusses the various opportunities offered by FImIL-chitosan derivatives.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Olesya N. Zabegaeva, Alexey F. Kosolapov, Sergei L. Semjonov, Mariam G. Ezernitskaya, Egor S. Afanasyev, Ivan A. Godovikov, Alexander Chuchalov, Dmitriy A. Sapozhnikov
Summary: Polyimides are commonly used as primary protective coatings for optical fibers in high-temperature applications. However, the manufacturing process is complicated due to certain drawbacks. This study shows the potential use of polyamide-imides as highly reliable protective coatings for optical fibers.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Luis Miguel Nunez Tapia, Pascal Thebault, Laurent Bischoff, Alain Ledoux, Florian Defontaine, Olivier Lesouhaitier, Fabrice Burel
Summary: A water soluble cationic bis-cyclocarbonate was prepared through a three steps procedure, and non-isocyanate polyurethanes were prepared in acetonitrile with high yields. The resulting materials exhibited good thermal properties and hydrophilic properties. The polyurethane thermoset showed high inhibition towards bacteria, and the bis-cyclocarbonate oligomer was found to be harmless to organisms.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2024)