Simultaneous Imaging of Lung Structure and Function with Triple-Nuclear Hybrid MR Imaging

(P)urpose: To re-engineer a standard clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system to enable the acquisition, in the same breath hold, of lung images from two hyperpolarized gases (helium 3 [He-3] and xenon 129 [Xe-129]) with simultaneous registered anatomic proton (hydrogen 1 [H-1]) MR images of lung structure. Materials and Methods: Studies with He-3 and Xe-129 were performed with National Research Ethics Committee approval, with informed consent from the volunteer. H-1-He-3-Xe-129 MR imaging was achieved in the same breath by using mutually decoupled nested radiofrequency coil hardware capable of transmit and receive on each respective nucleus without power cross talk. MR pulse sequences were also developed for rapid switching between each nucleus. The system is demonstrated with triple-nuclear lung images in a healthy individual following inhalation of a mixture of He-3 and Xe-129 gases. Results: Spatially and temporally registered images of all three nuclei were obtained with high signal to noise ratio and high spatial resolution in the same breath. Conclusion: The multinuclear technique is capable of providing registered lung images with mutually complementary functional and structural spatial information. (C)RSNA, 2012