Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lorenzo Massimi, Tamara Suaris, Charlotte K. Hagen, Marco Endrizzi, Peter R. T. Munro, Glafkos Havariyoun, P. M. Sam Hawker, Bennie Smit, Alberto Astolfo, Oliver J. Larkin, Richard M. Waltham, Zoheb Shah, Stephen W. Duffy, Rachel L. Nelan, Anthony Peel, J. Louise Jones, Ian G. Haig, David Bate, Alessandro Olivo
Summary: X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) shows higher sensitivity in detecting margin involvement during breast conserving surgery, potentially leading to a reduction in the number of re-operations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. Polikarpov, J. Vila-Comamala, Z. Wang, A. Pereira, S. van Gogh, C. Gasser, K. Jefimovs, L. Romano, Z. Varga, K. Lang, M. Schmeltz, S. Tessarini, M. Rawlik, E. Jermann, S. Lewis, W. Yun, M. Stampanoni
Summary: Breast cancer is diagnosed using clinical examination, imaging, and biopsy. This study proposes two high-resolution table-top systems for phase-contrast X-ray tomography of breast tissue samples. Both systems provide better resolution and contrast than previously achieved, showing the potential of grating-based phase-contrast X-ray CT as a complementary tool for clinical histopathology.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Mariele Romano, Alberto Bravin, Michael D. Wright, Laurent Jacques, Arttu Miettinen, Ruslan Hlushchuk, Julien Dinkel, Stefan Bartzsch, Jean Albert Laissue, Valentin Djonov, Paola Coan
Summary: This study provides the first experimental application of multiscale 3D XPCI-CT virtual histology for the inspection and quantitative assessment of radio-induced lesions on lungs in a small animal model. Results show that XPCI-CT enables detailed 3D visualization of lung tissues and accurate quantification of fibrotic tissue. This imaging technique has important implications for assessing lung pathology and treatment efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Valentina Iotti, Paolo Giorgi Rossi, Laura Canovi, Monica Guberti, Andrea Nitrosi, Davide Giosue Lippolis, Vanessa Marchesi, Giulia Besutti, Marta Ottone, Rita Vacondio, Pierpaolo Pattacini
Summary: By comparing self-compression to radiographer-led compression in mammography, it was found that self-compression achieved stronger compression of the breast with comparable image quality, but did not significantly reduce glandular dose and had a similar rate of attendance for follow-up mammography.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Ziyu Bao, Yujun Zhang, Junguo Jiang, Yichao Ma, Yu Liu, Shenghao Li, Hongyu Zhang, Monan Liu, Yangfan Zhou, Zhenjie Li, Yaoguang Liu, Hangxu Li, Zhibang Shen, Can Yu, Zhan Shi, Zina Ou, Aiyu Zhou, Qiuju Li, Peng Liu, Wei Xu, Michael Y. Hu, Jiyong Zhao, Ercan Esen Alp
Summary: The development of an 8-channel APD array detector system with high time resolution and low noise level is presented in this study. The system exhibited a time resolution of better than 500 ps and a low noise level, allowing for the lowest detection energy threshold of 4 keV. Its performance was tested in nuclear forward scattering and nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering experiments, showing great potential for data analysis in the time domain.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tomohiko Hojo, Motomichi Koyama, Bakuya Kumai, Yuki Shibayama, Ayumi Shiro, Takahisa Shobu, Hiroyuki Saitoh, Saya Ajito, Eiji Akiyama
Summary: The origins of the superior work hardening capability of medium manganese (M-Mn) and conventional transformation-induced plasticity-aided bainitic ferrite (TBF) steels of similar tensile strength and elongation are investigated. The work hardening capability of M-Mn steel is attributed to high rates of martensitic transformation and dislocation accumulation in retained austenite, while the work hardening capability of TBF steel is attributed to high austenite phase stability and resistance to slip deformation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Rongbiao Tang, Yongfang Li, Le Qin, Fuhua Yan, Guo-Yuan Yang, Ke-Min Chen
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of using PR-based PCCT with microbubble contrast agent for vascular imaging. Results showed that microbubbles provided weaker contrast enhancement compared to iodine, but still sufficient for imaging rat aortas. The imaging modality can currently be used as a complement or alternative to absorption-based microCT for imaging vessels in biological samples.
Article
Soil Science
Wenshuai Li, Xiao-Ming Liu, Yan Hu, Fang-Zhen Teng, Yong-Feng Hu, Oliver A. Chadwick
Summary: This study investigates potassium isotope fractionation within a soil-plant system in humid and arid environments on Kohala Mountain, Hawai‘i. The results show that within the same plant, different tissues have varying potassium isotopic compositions, and isotopic differences are observed between soils of different moisture levels. The study suggests that processes such as K redistribution during intra-plant circulation and K uptake at the root-soil interface contribute to potassium isotope fractionation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Klaudia Fekete, Gergely Farkas, Daria Drozdenko, Domonkos Tolnai, Andreas Stark, Patrik Dobron, Gerardo Garces, Kristian Mathis
Summary: The compressive deformation behavior of Mg88Zn7Y5 alloy with a high volume fraction of the LPSO phase was studied in relation to temperature, showing a decrease in yield strength with increasing deformation temperature. The macroscopic yielding of the alloy is controlled by the activation of deformation kinking in the LPSO phase at all tested temperatures.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Bowen Xie, Wanjiku Njoroge, Lewis M. Dowling, Josep Sule-Suso, Gianfelice Cinque, Ying Yang
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are still a major cause of death and illness worldwide. Atherosclerosis, caused by the build-up of fatty plaques in the arteries, is the most common form of cardiovascular disease. Foam cells, formed when monocytes infiltrate the sub-endothelial space and differentiate into macrophages, play a central role in plaque formation. This study used a foam cell model to investigate the lipid efflux process initiated by statins in a dose and time dependent manner. The results showed that statins can effectively reduce lipid content in foam cells, offering a potential therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jiu-Jie Kuang, Zhen-Yu Tian, Du Wang, Kai-Ru Jin, Bing Qian, Yang Pan
Summary: This study utilized an online synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry to investigate the dynamic processes of moxa pyrolysis, identifying over 70 species and highlighting both potentially beneficial and harmful substances produced at different temperatures.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
S. Donato, L. Brombal, L. M. Arana Pena, F. Arfelli, A. Contillo, P. Delogu, F. Di Lillo, V Di Trapani, V Fanti, R. Longo, P. Oliva, L. Rigon, L. Stori, G. Tromba, B. Golosio
Summary: This study introduces the optimization of a customized GPU-based simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (cSART) in the field of phase-contrast breast computed tomography (bCT). The algorithm features a 3D bilateral regularization filter and can be tuned for optimal performance in clinical image visualization and tissues segmentation. The results show that the proposed algorithm can yield higher contrast images with preserved spatial resolution and textural properties. The algorithm also offers flexibility in image reconstruction optimization and tissue segmentation.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Alistair Mackenzie, Emma L. Thomson, Melissa Mitchell, Premkumar Elangovan, Chantal van Ongeval, Lesley Cockmartin, Lucy M. Warren, Louise S. Wilkinson, Matthew G. Wallis, Rosalind M. Given-Wilson, David R. Dance, Kenneth C. Young
Summary: For calcification clusters, there were no significant differences in FoM or LDF. For masses, the FoM and LDF were significantly improved in the arms using DBT compared to DM alone. On average, both calcification clusters and masses were more visible on DBT than on DM and SM images.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shintaro Kobayashi, Taichi Abe, Andres Martin-Cid, Shogo Kawaguchi, Motohiro Suzuki, Satoshi Hirosawa, Tetsuya Nakamura
Summary: A new sample mounting method was used to determine the crystalline phase diagram of a Nd-Fe-B-Cu sintered magnet, showing temperature-reversible changes and thermodynamic equilibrium phenomena. The measurements confirmed the thermodynamic database constructed for CALPHAD calculations in the Nd-Fe-B-Cu-O system.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Michael Musi, Benjamin Galy, Jean-Philippe Monchoux, Alain Couret, Helmut Clemens, Svea Mayer
Summary: Electromagnetic-assisted sintering offers time-efficient densification for intermetallic gamma-TiAl based powders, with controlled microstructure and mechanical properties through imposed temperature profiles. This study presents insights into phase evolution during the process using high-energy X-ray diffraction, highlighting the transferability of data to spark plasma sintering technology. The experiment provides time-resolved observations of non-equilibrium and equilibrium phase transformations, showcasing the potential for electromagnetic-assisted sintering in powder consolidation processes.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Elisabeth Schueltke, Stefan Fiedler, Ralf Hendrik Menk, Felix Jaekel, Diego Dreossi, Katia Casarin, Giuliana Tromba, Stefan Bartzsch, Stephan Kriesen, Guido Hildebrandt, Fulvia Arfelli
Summary: Research has shown that microbeam irradiation can effectively control malignant tumor cells, with a reduction of approximately 80% observed in melanoma cells after MBI. While high energy is essential for achieving high dose rates, lower energy spectra may be equally suitable or even advantageous for in vitro studies and superficial tumor treatments.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Filippo Crimi, Emilio Quaia, Giulio Cabrelle, Chiara Zanon, Alessia Pepe, Daniela Regazzo, Irene Tizianel, Carla Scaroni, Filippo Ceccato
Summary: Adrenal incidentalomas can be evaluated using texture analysis, which shows high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between benign and malignant adrenal masses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Optics
Alberto Simoncig, Michele Manfredda, Giulio Gaio, Nicola Mahne, Lorenzo Raimondi, Claudio Fava, Simone Gerusina, Riccardo Gobessi, Alessandro Abrami, Flavio Capotondi, Dario De Angelis, Ralf Hendrik Menk, Matteo Pancaldi, Emanuele Pedersoli, Marco Zangrando
Summary: Free-electron lasers (FELs) are advanced light sources that can produce high-brightness, femtosecond pulses in extreme-ultraviolet, soft and hard X-ray spectral ranges. The development of time-resolved experiments using FEL pulses with tunable colors at specific electronic resonances is the next step in ultrafast X-ray science. The AC/DC optical device at the FERMI FEL facility in Trieste, Italy splits the incoming FEL pulse using a grazing incidence flat mirror, preserves its spectral and temporal properties, and delays one of the split pulses. It also allows for independent control of FEL pulse fluence using solid-state filters.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Matija Colja, Marco Cautero, Ralf Hendrik Menk, Pierpaolo Palestri, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Matias Antonelli, Giorgio Biasiol, Simone Dal Zilio, Tereza Steinhartova, Camilla Nichetti, Fulvia Arfelli, Dario De Angelis, Francesco Driussi, Valentina Bonanni, Alessandro Pilotto, Gianluca Gariani, Sergio Carrato, Giuseppe Cautero
Summary: In this article, the advantages of III-V compound semiconductors and dedicated alloys over Si-based technologies in hard X-ray applications are discussed, with a focus on gallium arsenide (GaAs) as a valuable material. The experimental characterizations of GaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with different thicknesses of the absorption regions are described, highlighting the role of thickness in charge collection efficiency and the potential for using APDs without reaching the punch-through voltage.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Marco Gambato, Nicola Scotti, Giacomo Borsari, Jacopo Zambon Bertoja, Joseph-Domenico Gabrieli, Alessandro De Cassai, Giacomo Cester, Paolo Navalesi, Emilio Quaia, Francesco Causin
Summary: This short review aims to help radiologists identify medical devices and their most common complications when interpreting a chest X-ray. Nowadays, a variety of medical devices are frequently used, especially in critical patients. It is crucial for radiologists to be knowledgeable about what to look for and to consider the technical factors associated with each device's positioning.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elisa Baratella, Emilio Quaia, Filippo Crimi, Pierluca Minelli, Vincenzo Cioffi, Barbara Ruaro, Maria Assunta Cova
Summary: This study evaluates the capability of digital tomosynthesis (DTS) to characterize suspected pulmonary lesions in hidden areas of the chest. DTS shows increased sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy compared to chest X-ray (CXR) alone, allowing for confirmation or exclusion of true pulmonary lesions in hidden areas.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessia Pepe, Filippo Crimi, Federica Vernuccio, Giulio Cabrelle, Amalia Lupi, Chiara Zanon, Sebastiano Gambato, Anna Perazzolo, Emilio Quaia
Summary: Recently, advancements in image acquisition, data processing, and artificial intelligence have greatly improved patient management in medical radiology. Cardiovascular imaging is experiencing rapid growth due to these improvements. This study focuses on the reasons and impact behind the I class indication of CT and MR in most cardiovascular diseases, as well as the potential of CT photon counting, quantitative MR mapping, and 4-D flow in tissue and functional characterization. Additionally, advances in rectal imaging for cancer identification and high-resolution data in oncological patients were discussed. The study also highlights the importance of database development and the role of specialized radiologists in patient-centered precision medicine.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Filippo Crimi, Chiara Zanon, Alberto Crimi, Giulio Cabrelle, Emilio Quaia
Article
Oncology
Filippo Crimi, Elena Agostini, Alessandro Toniolo, Francesca Torresan, Maurizio Iacobone, Irene Tizianel, Carla Scaroni, Emilio Quaia, Cristina Campi, Filippo Ceccato
Summary: Radiomics is a promising research field that combines big data analysis from tissue texture analysis with clinical questions. We studied the application of CT texture analysis in adrenal pheochromocytomas to define the correlation between the extracted features and the secretory pattern, histopathological data, and natural history of the disease.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Antonella Meloni, Laura Pistoia, Amalia Lupi, Riccardo Righi, Antonino Vallone, Massimiliano Missere, Stefania Renne, Priscilla Fina, Ada Riva, Maria Rita Gamberini, Valerio Cecinati, Francesco Sorrentino, Rosamaria Rosso, Giuseppe Messina, Paolo Ricchi, Vincenzo Positano, Sophie Mavrogeni, Emilio Quaia, Filippo Cademartiri, Alessia Pepe
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong negative impact on MRI services for patients with hemoglobinopathies in the Italian E-MIOT Network. The total number of MRI scans significantly declined, and some patients refused MRI exams due to fear of the virus.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Carmel M. Moran, Charles Arthur, Emilio Quaia
Summary: This manuscript compares the abilities of four premium ultrasound scanners to detect and display the ultrasound signal from two commercially available contrast agents. A new parameter was defined to evaluate the contrast enhancement ability of the ultrasound scanners. The study found that the flow rates had no effect on the contrast-specific imaging mode to B-mode ratio for the three clinical scanners studied.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Filippo Crimi, Chiara Zanon, Giulio Cabrelle, Kim Duyen Luong, Laura Albertoni, Quoc Riccardo Bao, Marta Borsetto, Elisa Baratella, Giulia Capelli, Gaya Spolverato, Matteo Fassan, Salvatore Pucciarelli, Emilio Quaia
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between contrast-enhanced CT texture features and specific genetic mutations involved in CRC carcinogenesis, and to predict their presence. The study utilized specific software to extract texture parameters from tumor regions, and found significant differences between MSI and MSS groups. These findings support the potential role of CT texture analysis in detecting MSI in CRC based on pre-treatment CT scans.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Emilio Quaia, Federica Vernuccio
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Filippo Crimi, Quoc Riccardo Bao, Valentina Mari, Chiara Zanon, Giulio Cabrelle, Gaya Spolverato, Salvatore Pucciarelli, Emilio Quaia
Summary: The study identifies the most accurate computed-tomography (CT) dimensional criteria of loco-regional lymph nodes (LNs) for detecting nodal metastases in gastric cancer patients. They found that the sum of the short axes (SAs) of all the lymph nodes in the loco-regional nodal groups is the best predictor of both metastatic invasion of the nodal group and the presence of metastatic LNs.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Elisa Baratella, Barbara Ruaro, Cristina Marrocchio, Gabriele Poillucci, Caterina Pigato, Alessandro Marco Bozzato, Francesco Salton, Paola Confalonieri, Filippo Crimi, Barbara Wade, Emilio Quaia, Maria Assunta Cova
Summary: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of traditional chest X-ray and digital tomosynthesis compared to computed tomography in detecting pulmonary interstitial changes in patients having recovered from severe COVID-19. The results showed that digital tomosynthesis had a higher diagnostic accuracy compared to chest X-ray in recognizing lung interstitial abnormalities.