Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
arny E. Sveinbjornsdottir, Jesper Olsen, Jan Heinemeier
Summary: In two forensic cases, radiocarbon (C-14) bomb-pulse dating of human bones was conducted using detailed models to correct for collagen-carbon turnover rates and reservoir effects. The study discusses the modeled corrections and compares the resulting C-14 ages with later information on birth and death. It is found that simple time lag corrections are not sufficient, but modeling based on age-dependent turnover rates and bomb-pulse levels combined with substantial reservoir age corrections can explain the observed C-14 results.
Article
Medicine, Legal
E. Johnstone-Belford, S. J. Fallon, J. F. Dipnall, S. Blau
Summary: The radiocarbon analysis of skeletonised human remains can provide valuable information about the time since death. This study analyzed the 14C content in different types of bones and found that the cortical bone from femur samples contained the highest lag time, while the trabecular bone from rib samples contained the most recent 14C. Therefore, analyzing trabecular bone from a rib may be preferred in cases of unidentified human remains to estimate the time since death and approximate the year of death.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Legal
E. C. Johnstone-Belford, G. Jacobsen, S. J. Fallon, J. F. Dipnall, S. Blau
Summary: Radiocarbon dating is a useful tool for examining unknown human remains, and recent studies have shown that hair and nail samples can accurately estimate the year of death. This study aimed to determine if diet, hair dye, and nail polish affect the radiocarbon content in hair and nail samples. The results indicate that diet does not impact the radiocarbon content, and the use of hair dye and nail polish has minimal effects. Multiple tissue types should be analyzed to minimize errors caused by beauty product usage.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Arturo Pacheco-Solana, Rose Oelkers, Rosanne D'Arrigo, Guaciara M. Santos, Milagros Rodriguez-Caton, Ernesto Tejedor, Eugenia Ferrero, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Carla Maldonado, Laia Andreu-Hayles
Summary: Scientists have successfully established the first verified tree-ring chronology for a new dendrochronological species, Neltuma alba, in the tropical Andes of Bolivia. By combining wood anatomical microsectioning techniques and radiocarbon analysis, they were able to identify missing tree rings and accurately date the specimens. This research highlights the potential to use wood anatomical methods and C-14 analyses to complement traditional dendrochronology in challenging tree species with complex ring boundaries.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andreas Edsfeldt, Kristina Eriksson Stenstrom, Jiangming Sun, Nuno Dias, Goran Skog, Pratibha Singh, Soren Mattsson, Jan Nilsson, Isabel Goncalves
Summary: By using the C-14 bomb-pulse dating method, researchers assessed the physical age of atherosclerotic plaques and identified increased apoptosis as the main component associated with young plaque age, reflecting rapid plaque progression. These findings, in combination with recent advances in imaging techniques, could guide future diagnostic imaging strategies to identify rapidly progressing plaques or therapeutic targets, halting plaque progression.
JACC-BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Douglas H. Ubelaker, Claudia R. Plens, Evelyne Pessoa Soriano, Marcus Vitor Diniz, Erasmo de Almeida Junior, Eduardo Daruge Junior, Luiz Francesquini Junior, Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado
Summary: A study conducted on bone samples from Brazil focused on the correlation between individual age at death and lag time, with femoral diaphysis showing the longest lag time and vertebral bodies showing the shortest lag time among the bone groups.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leonardo N. M. Iasi, Harald Ringbauer, Benjamin M. Peter
Summary: Neandertal DNA accounts for 2-3% of the genomes of non-African individuals. The timing and duration of gene flow from Neandertals into modern humans remain largely unknown, and further research is needed to better understand these aspects.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giuseppe Merra, Annalisa Noce, Giulia Marrone, Marco Cintoni, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Annunziata Capacci, Antonino De Lorenzo
Summary: Changes in gut microbiota are correlated with health status, with the Mediterranean diet shown to modulate gut microbiota, increase diversity, and potentially prevent the onset of chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases. Additional controlled intervention studies are needed to further understand the correlations between dietary patterns and gut microbiota composition and activity.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jun Wang, Xiangxiang Song, Qiqiang Ni, Xingjun Li, Qingtian Meng
Summary: Thermal management of thermoelectric generator systems is crucial, and using phase change materials can effectively reduce temperature fluctuations and extend operation time, although it cannot achieve the peak output power of common systems.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Justyna Janiszewska, Joanna Ostrowska, Dorota Szostak-Wegierek
Summary: Dietary factors play a crucial role in regulating the concentration of adiponectin, with beneficial habits including the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids and detrimental effects associated with saturated fatty acids. This study aims to summarize the most recent research on this topic to systematize available knowledge.
Article
Medicine, Legal
E. Johnstone-Belford, S. J. Fallon, J. F. Dipnall, S. Blau
Summary: Confirming the identification of human remains is the first step in forensic investigations, and bomb pulse dating can assist in estimating the year of death. This study found that nail samples provided the most accurate year of death estimation, followed by hair, while puparia had the highest levels of 14 C but the least consistent prediction of year of death. Samples of hair, nail, and puparia can be useful for accurately estimating year of death using bomb pulse dating.
JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yeon-Bok Kim, Jeong Kim
Summary: This study conducted SHPB tests on Al6061-T6 specimens of varying thickness and observed an increase in the S-S curve as thickness decreased. Finite Element Analysis indicated that changes in specimen area due to thickness influenced impedance, which in turn affected pulse transmission and reflection.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tao Qiu, Yuwan Deng, Yan Lei, Yue Wu, Chao Qin, Ying Wang
Summary: Due to emissions regulations, internal combustion engines using natural gas have become an important direction for low-carbon development. This study simulated the collision between a methane jet and a premixed flame, and investigated the changes in combustion and flow. The jet intensified the initial flame and caused changes in the flame structure. The interaction between the jet and flame was divided into three stages.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
L. Baly, I Quesada, A. S. Murray, G. Martin, P. Espen, R. Arteche, M. Jain
Summary: The study shows that the charge deposition in quartz grains under natural conditions significantly affects the optically stimulated luminescence signal, potentially depleting trapped holes in recombination centers. For quartz grains residing in rocks for extended periods, charge deposition may lead to complete depletion expected between 500 Ma and 1100 Ma. It is also observed that the shape and saturation level of the dose response curve of quartz is linearly reduced with rock age due to charge deposition.
RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Walter Kutschera
Summary: This concise review highlights the application of C-14 produced in atmospheric nuclear weapons testing program and its diverse uses in environmental, archaeological, biological, and forensic fields. A comprehensive list of references is provided for further in-depth studies.
