Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kyle Bromma, Nancy Dos Santos, Ingrid Barta, Abraham Alexander, Wayne Beckham, Sunil Krishnan, Devika B. Chithrani
Summary: Recent clinical trials have shown that docetaxel (DTX), when used in conjunction with radiation therapy (RT) and androgen suppression, improves survival in high-risk prostate cancer. This study explores the combination of low concentrations of DTX and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in different models, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell cultures, as well as a mouse xenograft model. The results demonstrate that DTX and GNPs together increase gold uptake in both models, indicating the potential benefits of using spheroids as an in vitro model. Furthermore, the combination of low concentrations of DTX and GNPs shows prolonged therapeutic effects, suggesting less frequent dosing may be feasible in clinical settings.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Samantha Llewellyn, Marye Niemeyer, Penny Nymark, Martijn J. Mone, Bob van de Water, Gillian E. Conway, Gareth J. S. Jenkins, Shareen H. Doak
Summary: This review discusses the chronic liver damage caused by exposure to engineered nanomaterials and the challenges in using in vitro models to assess genotoxicity. It identifies the need for advancements in assessing DNA damage in the liver and highlights the importance of supporting various biochemical endpoints in nano(gen)toxicology research.
Article
Optics
Hayato Watanabe, Juna Rai, Chihiro Tsutake, Keita Takahashi, Toshiaki Fujii
Summary: This research proposes a method for increasing the maximum pixel density of 3D images by optically synthesizing the displayed images of an integral 3D display and high-definition two-dimensional display. The improvements in 3D image resolution characteristics were evaluated through simulation analysis, and a prototype display system capable of displaying 3D images with a maximum resolution of 4K was developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alissar Monzer, Kevork Wakimian, Farah Ballout, Samar Al Bitar, Amani Yehya, Mariam Kanso, Nour Saheb, Ayman Tawil, Samer Doughan, Maher Hussein, Deborah Mukherji, Walid Faraj, Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Wassim Abou-Kheir
Summary: This study investigates the anticancer potential of Diiminoquinone (DIQ) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and finds that DIQ can significantly inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, reduce stem cell formation and self-renewal ability at sub-toxic doses, and target cancer stem cells by downregulating stem cell-related signaling pathways.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pierluigi Casolaro
Summary: Radiochromic films are widely used for two-dimensional dose verification in photon, electron, and proton therapy treatments, covering a wide range of dose levels. Understanding the characteristics, principles, and reading techniques of radiochromic films is crucial for fully utilizing this versatile radiation detection system.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jurriaan van Ginkel, Ian Tomlinson, Ignacio Soriano
Summary: Using colorectal cancer as a model, the insights into cancer evolution provided by cancer sequencing are reviewed. These include nonlinear and neutral evolution, polyclonality of driver mutations, parallel evolution in adenomas, mutational processes shaping evolution against selection, rare driver genes functioning in the same signaling pathways as canonical drivers, and selective windows constraining the functional effects of cancer driver mutations. These evolutionary paradigms are potentially significant for treating colorectal cancers as well as understanding their development.
Review
Oncology
Jia Ning Nicolette Yau, Giulia Adriani
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of death globally. Recent developments in 3D cell culture have allowed for better modeling of the tumor microenvironment, leading to more accurate predictions of tumor progression and drug response. Incorporating different cell types such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and gut bacteria in 3D CRC spheroid models has improved their relevance and potential for identifying new therapeutic targets. This mini review discusses the advances in mimicking tumor heterogeneity in these models and highlights the impact of diverse cell populations on chemoresistance and tumor progression.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fang Yan, Longjun Dong, Bing Wang, Ji Ge, Ben Wang
Summary: A novel risk calculation method named RM based on field theory is proposed to improve the accuracy and reasonability of 3D risk assessments in the chemical industry. Case study results of fire and explosion accidents demonstrate the effectiveness of RM in providing more accurate results.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Teresa Marti-Rossello, Jun Li, Leo Lue, Oskar Karlstrom, Anders Brink
Summary: This study examines the impact of the dimensionality of single-particle models on the pyrolysis of thermally thick biomass particles. It finds that while the three-dimensional model provides slight improvements in prediction performance, it comes at the cost of significantly greater computational times.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. Toyama, C. Zhao, T. Yoshiie, S. Yamasaki, S. Uno, M. Shimodaira, H. Miyata, T. Suzudo, Y. Shimizu, K. Yoshida, K. Inoue, Y. Nagai
Summary: This study experimentally demonstrated radiation-enhanced diffusion of copper in iron, showing that diffusion under irradiation is more significant than thermal diffusion and is driven by irradiation-induced vacancies. Additionally, the effect of irradiation on the solubility limits of copper in iron was revealed, with lower solubility limits under irradiation compared to thermal aging.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Haowei Liu, Zhiyong Liu, Qiuyan Xu
Summary: This paper proposes two meshfree methods based on radial basis functions to solve two-dimensional three-temperature radiation diffusion equations. By comparing different linearization methods, it is found that the successive permutation iteration algorithm is more effective. A large number of numerical experiments confirm the accurate performance of the proposed methods.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yongchun Liu, Xinhao Li, Yu Shi, Youjuan Wang, Xiaojing Zhao, Xiangyang Gong, Ren Cai, Guosheng Song, Mei Chen, Xiaobing Zhang
Summary: The study created PtBi/Pt nanoplates to address tumor hypoxia and demonstrated significant enhancement in photothermal/radiotherapy effects. The PEGylated PtBi NPs showed excellent biocompatibility and multimodal contrast enhancement, indicating potential as a novel nanoplatform for future multimodal imaging-guided synergistic cancer therapy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Loredana M. Vasiloiu, Apoorv Tiwari, Jens H. Bardarson
Summary: This study investigates the coherence times of Majorana zero modes in different scenarios by explicitly computing their closed form expressions in models of various dimensional superconductors. The results show enhanced coherence times for a certain class of Majorana operators under specific dissipative dynamics, while the coherence of the remaining operators decays much faster. Additionally, the numerical simulations demonstrate the robustness of the coherence times to the presence of disorder.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Valentin Anfray, Christophe Chatelain
Summary: Numerical studies of the random q-state quantum Potts model on hypercubic lattices in dimensions 2 and 3 show that the critical exponents are compatible within error bars when q-dependent scaling corrections are taken into account, indicating the superuniversality of all two- and three-dimensional random Potts models.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Qifan Huang, Shibiao Su, Xiaoshun Zhang, Xiang Li, Jiawei Zhu, Tianjian Wang, Cuiju Wen
Summary: This study selected ten electronics enterprises for investigation, collected information, air samples, and physical factor measurements through on-site investigation, and assessed the risks of the enterprises using three different models. The hazards of organic solvents and noise in the electronics industry are not negligible, and the Grading Model offers a good reflection of the actual risk level of the electronics industry with strong practicability.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
