Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ping-Ping Liu, Luca Caricchi, Sun-Lin Chung, Xian-Hua Li, Qiu-Li Li, Mei-Fu Zhou, Yu-Ming Lai, Azman A. Ghani, Theodora Sihotang, Tom E. Sheldrake, Guy Simpson
Summary: The accumulation of eruptible magma underneath the Toba caldera is the result of sustained magma influx leading to thermal maturation and subsequent supereruptions. Research indicates that since the last supereruption at Toba, a minimum of 4.2 km(3) of eruptible magma has been accumulating per millennium.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ping -Ping Liu, Sun-Lin Chung, Ben Ma, Xian-Hua Li, Qiu-Li Li, Hao-Yang Lee, Xiao-Ran Zhang
Summary: This study presents a complete dataset of zircon Hf-O isotopes of the latest Toba eruptions. The isotopic compositions of zircons vary slightly between eruptive units, suggesting an enriched and heterogenous magma source. The Hf-O isotopes of all the zircons are consistent with contamination of low-818O or high-818O materials during their ascent to the surface or storage in shallow magma reservoirs.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Marco Bonini, Daniele Maestrelli, Giacomo Corti, Chiara Del Ventisette, Giovanna Moratti, Gerardo Carrasco-Nunez, Guido Giordano, Federico Lucci, Gianluca Norini, Luigi Piccardi, Stefano Urbani, Domenico Montanari
Summary: Scaled analogue models were used to study the impact of different boundary conditions on intra-caldera resurgence processes, including magma intrusion depth, caldera collapse symmetry, and existing discontinuities in the pre-volcanic substratum. Experimental findings demonstrated that varying intrusion depths resulted in different resurgence styles, ranging from piston-like resurgence for deeper intrusions to intra-caldera resurgent domes for shallower intrusions. Additionally, asymmetric collapse was linked to tilted roof blocks above emptied magma reservoirs, while pre-existing faults significantly influenced the deformation patterns of piston-like resurgence.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dawid Szymanowski, Francesca Forni, Marcus Phua, Brian Jicha, Daniel W. J. Lee, Ying-Jui Hsu, Hamdi Rifai, Blair Schoene, Caroline Bouvet de Maisonneuve
Summary: Multiple geochemical tools were applied to study the Toba caldera complex in Sumatra, Indonesia. The study provided revised eruption ages and detailed magma geochemistry information. However, identifying the behavior patterns of the Toba system and making predictions about its future development based on geochemistry remain challenging.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Said Muzambiq, Hibnul Walid, Tunggul Hermansyah Ganie, Hary Hermawan
Summary: This article highlights the significance of local community involvement and appreciation towards geotourism. Following an educational outreach event, a survey showed that 67% of the local residents and students understood the geological implications of the Toba area and expressed a desire to preserve the geoheritage. The protection of fossil outcrops is crucial for the preservation of geological sites.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Don F. Parker, Gary D. Henderson
Summary: The Paradise Mountain Caldera in Texas formed two major ignimbrite/lava complexes, which are collectively classified as the Barrel Springs Group, ranging from trachyte to alkali rhyolite. While the Wild Cherry Tuff and Casket Mountain lavas are similar in major element chemistry and mineralogy, they exhibit wide variation in incompatible trace elements, suggesting differences in their evolution processes.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tomas Gonzalez-Moran, Ana Lillian Martin-Del Pozzo
Summary: Detailed processing and analysis of aeromagnetic data with geological constraints reveal the structural framework and plumbing system of Huitzapan Caldera and Nopala volcano in the northern sector of the Mexican Volcanic Belt. The study shows tectonically controlled structures with multiple magnetic anomalies associated with volcanic features.
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
P. Pina-Varas, J. Ledo, P. Queralt, D. Martinez van Dorth, A. Marcuello, I. Cabrera-Perez, L. D'Auria, A. Marti
Summary: This study investigated the changes in resistivity following the volcanic eruption on the island of La Palma using long-period magnetotelluric (MT) monitoring. The obtained dataset and new 3D resistivity models revealed the evolution of fluid pathways underground and provided new insights into volcanic monitoring and hazard mitigation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
C. M. Bijesh, V Yatheesh, D. Twinkle, Abhishek Tyagi, P. John Kurian
Summary: Marine geophysical investigations in the Eastern Arabian Sea revealed the presence of the Sagar Kanya Seamount, a bathymetric high complex consisting of three seamounts and ridge-like features. Gravity anomalies correlate with topography, showing gravity highs associated with bathymetric highs and lows with flat seafloor. Magnetic anomalies are related to post-caldera volcanism and the genesis of the SKBHC is attributed to the Reunion hotspot.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
F. Keller, R. -G. Popa, J. Allaz, T. Bovay, A. -S. Bouvier, N. Geshi, A. Miyakawa, O. Bachmann
Summary: The separation of volatile phases in magma plays a key role in controlling the growth and eruption of volcanoes. By studying petrological proxies in volcanic deposits, the exsolution of water from magma can be traced. Results from the Aso volcanic complex in Kyushu, Japan show that water-undersaturated conditions were present prior to the caldera-forming event, but a water-rich volatile phase was present in the subvolcanic reservoir in the last 10,000 years before the event. The presence of this water-rich volatile phase has significant implications for volcanic eruptions. In addition, the recharge of mafic magma can change the composition and water saturation state of the magma, leading to large-scale caldera-forming events.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin A. Black, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Daniel R. Marsh, Anja Schmidt, Charles G. Bardeen
Summary: Research suggests that the probability of annual mean surface temperature anomalies exceeding 4 degrees Celsius in most of Africa is close to zero, while the likelihood of strong decreases in precipitation is low in most of Africa. Even with uncertainties in the magnitude of Toba sulfur emissions considered, the study indicates that the muted response in Africa aligns with paleoclimate proxies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sergey Osipov, Georgiy Stenchikov, Kostas Tsigaridis, Allegra N. LeGrande, Susanne E. Bauer, Mohammed Fnais, Jos Lelieveld
Summary: Supereruptions, such as the Toba event 74,000 years ago, have significant environmental impacts by causing cooling and decelerating the water cycle through stratospheric sulfate aerosols. Earth system model simulations suggest that the Toba eruption suppressed ozone formation, leading to severe tropical ozone layer depletion and enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation stress.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Ryuhei Sanjo, Toshihiko Sugai
Summary: Understanding the relationship between post-caldera reactivation of caldera boundary faults and the cooling process of volcanoes is crucial for reconstructing the geomorphological history of calderas and assessing volcanic and seismic hazards. Research has found that the reactivation of caldera boundary faults during the cooling process is likely induced by regional stresses. Therefore, the reactivation of caldera boundary faults induced by regional stresses should be taken into consideration in reconstructions of the geomorphological evolution of calderas and associated hazard assessments.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christoph Breitkreuz, Alexandra Kaessner, Marion Tichomirowa, Manuel Lapp, Shan Huang, Klaus Stanek
Summary: Samples and documentation were used to re-evaluate the Late Carboniferous Tharandt Forest caldera and Niederbobritzsch granite in Germany. The study revealed a bimodal volcanic activity in the area prior to the eruption, with a high silica rhyolitic composition. This complex represents an early post-Variscan magmatic activity in central Europe.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hisatoshi Ito
Summary: Recent application of zircon U-Pb geochronology has provided important insights into the evolution of caldera systems worldwide. However, in the Tohoku region of NE Japan, the magmatic history has not been well understood. A study on the Sanzugawa caldera using U-Pb dating of zircon has revealed that its volcanic activity started around 7 million years ago and reached its peak in the late Pliocene to Quaternary period. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the timing of caldera formation and highlights the importance of further dating studies in the Tohoku region.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
