Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abraham Tamirat Gizaw, Pradeep Sopory, Sudhakar Morankar
Summary: The study found that mothers in both the intervention and control groups in rural Ethiopia had a low level of breastfeeding knowledge, a neutral attitude, and medium self-efficacy.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
DaifAllah. D. D. Al-Thubaity, Mohammed. A. A. Alshahrani, Wafaa. T. T. Elgzar, Heba. A. A. Ibrahim
Summary: This study investigates the determinants of high breastfeeding self-efficacy among Saudi nursing mothers. The results show that mothers' education, working status, parity, breastfeeding experience, adequate breastfeeding knowledge, and positive attitudes toward breastfeeding can predict breastfeeding self-efficacy. Considering these factors during breastfeeding-related educational interventions can lead to more effective and sustainable effects in community awareness regarding breastfeeding.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Kuan Chin Huang, Shiow-Rong Jeang, Hsing-Ling Hsieh, Jing-Wen Chen, Ching-Hsien Yi, Yung-Chih Chiang, Han-Ping Wu
Summary: This study aimed to explore the knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes toward suicide prevention among nurses with different demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted, and the results showed that age, years of nursing experience, department type, education on suicide prevention, and care experience of nursing staff were associated with their knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes toward suicide prevention in general hospital patients. Younger and less experienced nurses demonstrated superior knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes toward suicide prevention. Nurses who received suicide-related education and training exhibited better self-efficacy and attitudes than those who did not. Nurses with care experience had better knowledge of suicide prevention than those without experience. Knowledge and self-efficacy in suicide prevention were both significantly and positively correlated with attitudes.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meshari Almeshari, Yasser Alzamil, Amjad Alyahyawi, Ahmad Abanomy, Omar Althmali, Mamdouh S. Al-Enezi, C. G. ShashiKumar, Hamid Osman, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
Summary: This study aims to assess the knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer among female faculty and students at Hail University in Saudi Arabia. The results show that public awareness of breast cancer is relatively low and calls for mass media campaigns and specialized awareness programs.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alex K. Owusu-Ofori, Eric Darko, Cynthia A. Danquah, Thomas Agyarko-Poku, Kwame Ohene Buabeng
Summary: The study investigated self-medication practices and attitudes related to antimicrobial resistance among first-year healthcare program students at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Ghana. Results showed a prevalence of self-medication despite students' awareness of the risks of inappropriate antibiotic use. Most students supported the introduction of a course on rational antibiotic use to improve knowledge and practices.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Zahra Mohebi, Maryam Heidari Sarvestani, Zahra Moradi, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh
Summary: This study examined the knowledge and attitude of female high school students in Fasa regarding breast cancer screening. The results showed that more than 87% of students had limited or incorrect information about breast cancer screening. Students had limited knowledge about the risk, symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies of breast cancer. It is recommended to implement educational programs in schools and encourage students to share information with their families to increase awareness in the society.
Article
Nursing
Yinghua Zhou, Qiao Li, Wei Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to describe Chinese nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy regarding palliative care. Results showed that while students had positive attitudes towards death and caring for the dying, they had low levels of knowledge and self-efficacy in palliative care, indicating a need for integrating palliative care education into nursing curriculum in China. Special attention should also be paid to psychosocial and spiritual care teaching and preparing students to cope with challenges in the process of a patient's dying.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Afnan Abdulnasir Sabgul, Ameerah M. N. Qattan, Rubayyat Hashmi, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
Summary: This study in Saudi Arabia found that husbands' knowledge significantly influenced wives' attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening methods. Furthermore, socioeconomic status was also a factor affecting wives' utilization of clinical breast examinations.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Aliza M. Hurst Loo, Benjamin R. Walker
Summary: The theory that climate change apathy is caused by inadequate knowledge does not fully explain why informed and concerned individuals fail to take action. This study found that self-efficacy for climate change acts as a mediator between specific climate change knowledge and attitude towards mitigation. Risk communication interventions that provide climate change information and develop efficacy for mitigation behavior can motivate pro-environmental attitudes.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rui Hu, Bingbing Lai, Wenhao Ma, Yuan Zhang, Yujiao Deng, Lianqi Liu, Zeping Lv, Chetwyn Chan, Fan Zhang, Qian Tao
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between BPSD knowledge and PAC in formal caregivers, and examined the mediating or moderating effects of caregiving attitude and self-efficacy. The results showed that greater BPSD knowledge was associated with increased PAC, and this relationship was fully mediated by friendly attitude. Moreover, the direct effect was moderated by self-efficacy, with high self-efficacy enhancing the direct effect of BPSD knowledge on promoting PAC.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Attila Kovari, Jozsef Katona
Summary: This study examined the attitudes related to programming, problem solving, and self-views on importance of IT/programming knowledge during a software development course. The results showed moderate positive associations between self-commitment in problem solving and algorithmic and problem solving ability, and weak negative relationship with lack of self-confidence in programming. The students were classified into two main groups based on their self-confidence in programming, and a positive change in attitudes related to programming was observed in both groups. However, the change was more significant in the group with weaker self-confidence, indicating the effectiveness of the software development course in improving attitudes towards programming.
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kibret Asmare, Yeneabat Birhanu, Zerko Wako
Summary: This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of women towards breast self-examination in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia in 2021. The findings showed inadequate knowledge, unfavorable attitude, and poor practice among the women. It is important to improve knowledge, attitude, and practice towards breast self-examination and implement comprehensive educational programs and awareness campaigns for breast cancer.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aster Wakjira Garedow, Tsiyon Mekoya Jemaneh, Addisalem Gebresilase Hailemariam, Gorfineh Teshome Tesfaye
Summary: Diabetes is a non-communicable metabolic disease that causes various complications and deaths globally. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, weight loss, and regular exercise, can help control blood sugar levels and minimize complications. This study aimed to assess the lifestyle modifications and medication use among patients with diabetes at Jimma University Medical Center. The findings showed that over 20% of the participants had poor knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding medication use and lifestyle modifications. Marital status was the only variable significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices in these areas.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jianwei Yu, Yizheng Gao, Hairuo Wang, Binghao Liu, Shunhua Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to establish a structural equation model to determine the associations among knowledge of breast cancer, beliefs about breast self-examination (BSE), BSE practice, socio-economic status (SES), and barriers to BSE among Eastern Chinese women. The results showed that BSE barriers were significantly and negatively related to SES, BSE beliefs, and BSE practices. Therefore, breast cancer prevention education should strengthen knowledge of practical methods and find ways to turn knowledge into a motivator rather than a barrier.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abdene Weya Kaso, Habtamu Endashaw Hareru, Gebi Agero, Zemachu Ashuro
Summary: The study found a low proportion of residents practicing Covid-19 preventive measures. Having comorbidity, following government directions, knowledge about Covid-19, and access to water supply were significantly associated with the practice of Covid-19 preventive measures.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Siran He, Aryeh D. Stein
Summary: Early-life nutrition interventions can have lifelong cardiometabolic benefits, with lower fasting glucose concentration observed in intervention groups compared to control groups. However, there are potential unintended consequences such as higher BMI. Initiating interventions earlier may confer greater benefits. Personalized dietary counseling has shown positive effects on glucose and cholesterol levels, endothelial function, and metabolic syndrome risk reduction.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Lisa K. Micklesfield, Sara K. Hanson, Felipe Lobelo, Solveig A. Cunningham, Terryl J. Hartman, Shane A. Norris, Aryeh D. Stein
Summary: This study found that patterns of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep during adolescence are related to young-adult body composition in urban South Africa. These modifiable behaviors may serve as pathways for public health interventions to address overweight and obesity in low- or middle-income countries.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sonia Tandon, Ines Gonzalez-Casanova, Albino Barraza-Villarreal, Isabelle Romieu, Hans Demmelmair, Dean P. Jones, Berthold Koletzko, Aryeh D. Stein, Usha Ramakrishnan
Summary: Prenatal DHA supplementation did not have significant effects on offspring metabolism, but differences were found in infants with interaction with maternal FADS gene SNP rs174602. Offspring of minor allele carriers showed enriched amino acid and aminosugars metabolism pathways with DHA supplementation, while noncarriers exhibited decreased metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and galactose metabolism pathways.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ann M. DiGirolamo, Jithin Sam Varghese, Maria F. Kroker-Lobos, Monica Mazariegos, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Reynaldo Martorell, Aryeh D. Stein
Summary: This study found that receiving protein-energy supplementation during the first 1000 days of life in Guatemala is associated with a lower prevalence of mental distress in adulthood. This effect appears to be direct and not mediated by life course variables.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aatekah Owais, Sara Wuehler, Rebecca Heidkamp, Vrinda Mehra, Lynnette M. Neufeld, Lisa M. Rogers, Kuntal Kumar Saha
Summary: This study aims to find a feasible and valid indicator for assessing the coverage of iron-containing supplements during pregnancy. Through key informant interviews, an online survey, and analysis of demographic and health survey data, it was found that the current methods for collecting coverage data have issues and need improvement. Future research should continue to develop and validate a global indicator to more accurately assess the quality of recall data.
MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert E. Black, Li Liu, Fernando P. Hartwig, Francisco Villavicencio, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Luis P. Vidaletti, Jamie Perin, Maureen M. Black, Hannah Blencowe, Danzhen You, Lucia Hug, Bruno Masquelier, Simon Cousens, Amber Gove, Tyler Vaivada, Diana Yeung, Jere Behrman, Reynaldo Martorell, Clive Osmond, Aryeh D. Stein, Linda S. Adair, Caroline H. D. Fall, Bernardo Horta, Ana M. B. Menezes, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Linda M. Richter, George C. Patton, Eran Bendavid, Majid Ezzati, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Joy E. Lawn, Cesar G. Victora
Summary: Optimal health and development throughout various stages from preconception to adulthood are crucial for human flourishing and the formation of human capital. The Nurturing Care Framework highlights the major influences that affect human capital during different periods of development, including preconception, childhood, and adolescence. Mortality rates in children and adolescents are important indicators to consider. While the global rate of deaths in individuals younger than 20 has decreased substantially since 2000, an estimated 8.6 million deaths occurred between 28 weeks of gestation and 20 years of age in 2019, with more than half occurring before 28 days of age. The first 1000 days from conception to 2 years of age have a significant impact on human capital development.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Cesar G. Victora, Fernando P. Hartwig, Luis P. Vidaletti, Reynaldo Martorell, Clive Osmond, Linda M. Richter, Aryeh D. Stein, Aluisio J. D. Barros, Linda S. Adair, Fernando C. Barros, Santosh K. Bhargava, Bernardo L. Horta, Maria F. Kroker-Lobos, Nanette R. Lee, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Joseph Murray, Shane A. Norris, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Alan Stein, Jithin S. Varghese, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Robert E. Black
Summary: The survival and nutrition of children and adolescents have significantly improved in the past two decades, but disparities still exist between and within countries. This study analyzes the relationship between the health, nutrition, and cognitive development of children and adolescents and early-life poverty using data from low-income and middle-income countries. Additionally, it shows the long-term impact of early-life poverty on health and human capital. Therefore, implementing comprehensive anti-poverty policies and programs is crucial, especially during the ongoing disruptions caused by COVID-19.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Monica Mazariegos, Jithin Sam Varghese, Maria F. Kroker-Lobos, Ann M. DiGirolamo, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Usha Ramakrishnan, Aryeh D. Stein
Summary: According to this study, women who give birth to three or more children during early adulthood tend to gain more weight. However, the association between childbirth and BMI may vary depending on the mother's age.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shweta Khandelwal, Dimple Kondal, Anindita Ray Chakravarti, Soumam Dutta, Bipsa Banerjee, Monica Chaudhry, Kamal Patil, Mallaiah Kenchaveeraiah Swamy, Usha Ramakrishnan, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Nikhil Tandon, Aryeh D. Stein
Summary: Poor infant young child feeding (IYCF) practices can lead to malnutrition, poor psychosocial development, poor school performance, and lower productivity in later life, perpetuating a vicious cycle. This study examined IYCF practices in a maternal-child birth cohort in Belagavi, Karnataka, India. The findings showed that only 77.9% of infants were breastfed within 1 hour of delivery, and 52.4% were exclusively breastfed at 6 months. At 12 months, while most infants were breastfed (90%), 39% also received formula. Although a majority of infants met the minimum meal frequency (94.4%), only 55% had a minimum acceptable diet. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.7 +/- 1.1. Furthermore, a large proportion of infants did not consume vegetables and/or fruits until 12 months of age (33.8%). The consumption of ultra-processed foods high in trans-fats, sugars, and salt was high (85.8%). Therefore, there is an urgent need for high-quality, sustainable, and scalable interventions to improve IYCF practices and enhance diet diversity and overall nutritional intake among young children in low- and middle-income group settings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Michael P. Busch, Susan L. Stramer, Mars Stone, Elaine A. Yu, Eduard Grebe, Edward Notari, Paula Saa, Robyn Ferg, Irene Molina Manrique, Natalia Weil, Rebecca Fink, Matthew E. Levy, Valerie Green, Sherri Cyrus, Phillip C. Williamson, James Haynes, Jamel Groves, David Krysztof, Brian Custer, Steve Kleinman, Brad J. Biggerstaff, Jean D. Opsomer, Jefferson M. Jones
Summary: Substantial increases in population humoral immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and hybrid immunity were observed in the US in 2021.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Eduard Grebe, Elaine A. Yu, Marjorie D. Bravo, Alex Welte, Roberta L. Bruhn, Mars Stone, Valerie Green, Phillip C. Williamson, Leora R. Feldstein, Jefferson M. Jones, Michael P. Busch, Brian Custer
Summary: The study demonstrated that the vaccine effectiveness against acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection in US blood donors was 88.8% during the first half of 2021. The findings suggest that monitoring vaccine effectiveness over time using antibody testing of blood donors is feasible.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elaine A. Yu, Jose O. Aleman, Donald R. Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Michael Verano, Kathryn Anastos, Phyllis C. Tien, Anjali Sharma, Ani Kardashian, Mardge H. Cohen, Elizabeth T. Golub, Katherine G. Michel, Deborah R. Gustafson, Marshall J. Glesby
Summary: This study compared the non-targeted plasma metabolomic profiles of women with and without diabetes mellitus. The results showed that flavonoids were associated with a lower incidence of diabetes, while sorbic acid was associated with a higher incidence of diabetes.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jithin Sam Varghese, Clive Osmond, Aryeh D. Stein
Summary: Temporally harmonized asset indices allow the study of changes in relative wealth over time and its association with adult health and human capital. Using conditional measures, specific life stages during which changes in relative wealth are important for adult health in longitudinal studies can be identified.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elaine A. Yu, Rachael P. Jackman, Marshall J. Glesby, K. M. Venkat Narayan
Summary: Cardiometabolic diseases have been found to be associated with COVID-19 severity, but the specific mechanisms are unclear. Studies have shown that obesity is related to higher neutralizing antibody titers after SARS-CoV-2 infection, while diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases are not associated with antibody levels.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Natalia E. Poveda, Linda S. Adair, Reynaldo. Martorell, Shivani A. Patel, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Aryeh D. Stein
Summary: Rapid increases in adult obesity have been observed in Guatemala. Parental characteristics, early life factors, and a nutrition intervention were found to predict body composition trajectories from adolescence to mid-adulthood. Parents' age and schooling, as well as self's schooling attainment, were significant predictors of adult body composition.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2023)
