Journal
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
Volume 73, Issue 9, Pages 795-802Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182365539
Keywords
CARDIA; IMT; occupational mobility; occupational social class; socioeconomic status
Categories
Funding
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Coordinating Center [N01-HC-95095]
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Field Center [N01-HC-48047]
- University of Minnesota, Field Center and Diet Reading Center [N01-HC-48048]
- Northwestern University, Field Center [N01-HC-48049]
- Kaiser Foundation Research Institute [N01-HC-48050]
- New England Medical Center Hospitals, Inc, Ultrasound Reading Center (from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) [N01-HC-45204]
- MacArthur Research Network on Socioeconomic Status and Health through John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
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Objective: To examine whether a 10-year change in occupational standing is related to carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) 5 years later. Methods: Data were obtained from 2350 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Occupational standing was measured at the Year 5 and 15 CARDIA follow-up examinations when participants were 30.2 (standard deviation = 3.6) and 40.2 (standard deviation = 3.6) years of age, respectively. IMT (common carotid artery [CCA], internal carotid artery [ICA], and bulb) was measured at Year 20. Occupational mobility was defined as the change in occupational standing between Years 5 and 15 using two semicontinuous variables. Analyses controlled for demographics, CARDIA center, employment status, parents' medical history, own medical history, Year 5 Framingham Risk Score, physiological risk factors and health behaviors averaged across the follow-up, and sonography reader. Results: Occupational mobility was unrelated to IMT save for an unexpected association of downward mobility with less CCA-IMT (beta = -0.04, p = .04). However, associations differed depending on initial standing (Year 5) and sex. For those with lower initial standings, upward mobility was associated with less CCA-IMT (beta = -0.07, p = .003), and downward mobility was associated with greater CCA-IMT and bulb-ICA-IMT (beta = 0.14, beta = .01 and beta = 0.14, p = .03, respectively); for those with higher standings, upward mobility was associated with greater CCA-IMT (beta = 0.15, p = .008), but downward mobility was unrelated to either IMT measure (p values > .20). Sex-specific analyses revealed associations of upward mobility with less CCA-IMT and bulb-ICA-IMT among men only (p values < .02). Conclusions: Occupational mobility may have implications for future cardiovascular health. Effects may differ depending on initial occupational standing and sex.
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