Article
Psychology, Experimental
Emily R. Spearing, Kimberley A. Wade
Summary: Confidence judgments can be a useful indicator of memory accuracy, but the effect of retention interval on eyewitness accuracy and confidence has not been well studied. In this research, we found that longer retention intervals decreased memory accuracy and confidence in eyewitnesses. Participants who experienced a one-month delay tended to be overconfident in the accuracy of their memories. Self-rated memory ability did not predict confidence or the confidence-accuracy relationship. These findings have implications for understanding the effects of retention interval on eyewitness memory.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Emily R. Spearing, Kimberley A. Wade
Summary: Recent studies suggest that highly confident eyewitnesses are likely to provide highly accurate identification evidence, at least in some conditions. However, few studies have investigated the confidence-accuracy relationship in witness interviews or determined when confidence judgments should be taken. This study conducted three experiments to explore the impact of timing on the confidence-accuracy relationship. The results showed that the timing of confidence judgments did not affect the relationship, and even under poor visibility conditions, the relationship remained strong. However, when participants were exposed to misinformation without their knowledge, the confidence-accuracy relationship was significantly weakened. These findings contribute to our understanding of the parameters in which witness confidence can be a reliable indicator of memory accuracy.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Linguistics
Maciej Hanczakowski, Ewa Butowska, C. Philip Beaman, Dylan M. Jones, Katarzyna Zawadzka
Summary: The study suggests that confidence judgments may depend not only on accuracy, but also on the absolute evidence supporting the chosen target. In recognition memory, manipulating the strength of evidence supporting targets affects confidence judgments, while varying the strength of evidence supporting lures creates confidence-accuracy dissociations. These findings demonstrate the complexity of the relationship between confidence and accuracy in forced-choice recognition tests.
JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Sunny Jin, Paul Verhaeghen, Dobromir Rahnev
Summary: This study examines the relationship between confidence and accuracy, finding a correlation across subjects and highlighting the domain effect in memory tasks and granularity effect in confidence scales. The results suggest that confidence should be taken seriously and provide insights into factors that moderate confidence judgments.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Louise Goupil, Jean-Julien Aucouturier
Summary: The study reveals that subjective confidence and objective accuracy are distinctly reflected in speech prosody, which can be differentiated through aspects like loudness, duration, and intonation of verbal reports. Additionally, it shows that a speaker's accuracy can be automatically decoded from speech prosody beyond their own metacognitive awareness, with performances up to 60%.
Article
Education & Educational Research
O. Pesout, J. L. Nietfeld
Summary: Creativity is highly valued in education and work, but individuals tend to be overconfident in their judgments of their own creative performance. Female students showed higher performance in fluency and originality, and were less overconfident compared to male counterparts. Openness was found to be the only personality trait that predicted creative performance.
THINKING SKILLS AND CREATIVITY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Sarah Volz, Marc-Andre Reinhard, Patrick Mueller
Summary: Previous research on the use of confidence in ad hoc veracity judgments as an indicator of judgment accuracy has yielded mixed results. This study re-analyzed 12 lie detection studies and found no confidence-accuracy relationship, highlighting the need for further research on the underlying processes of confidence judgments and the selection of appropriate measures.
APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Marta Siedlecka, Marcin Koculak, Boryslaw Paulewicz
Summary: This study examines the relationship between action and confidence in our decision-making process. The results show that confidence ratings were higher when given after a response, and were more strongly related to decision accuracy. Post-response reports of errors also more accurately indicated actual errors, supporting the idea that error awareness and confidence are influenced by post-action processing.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Oren Jaspan, Anna Wysocka, Carmen Sanchez, Andrew D. Schweitzer
Summary: The focus of diagnostic radiology training is on creating competent professionals, but the importance of confidence and its calibration is often overlooked. Appropriate confidence is crucial in patient care, as both overconfidence and underconfidence can have negative effects. Increasing competence, understanding metacognitive processes, and implementing systems can help calibrate confidence levels. Matching trainee confidence and competence should be a goal in radiology training to mitigate the adverse effects of overconfidence and underconfidence.
ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Matti Vuorre, Janet Metcalfe
Summary: This study reveals a previously underappreciated limitation in assessing metacognitive resolution and its relation to task performance, namely the artifact caused by guessing in multiple-choice testing, which can lead to bias.
METACOGNITION AND LEARNING
(2022)
Article
Linguistics
Isabelle Dautriche, Hugh Rabagliati, Kenny Smith
Summary: This study found that learners' confidence in the meaning of a word influences their learning process, including persisting in incorrect beliefs even after evidence contra-indicates, and being more likely to use confident words in making inferences. These results suggest that learners' confidence plays a crucial role in word learning.
JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE
(2021)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Andrea Arndorfer, Steve D. Charman
Summary: This article reviews existing literature and presents new data to assess the effect of confidence assessment method on the confidence-accuracy relationship. The study finds that confidence, regardless of the assessment method used, is predictive of accuracy.
PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yejun Xu, Shennan Zhu, Xia Liu, Jing Huang, Enrique Herrera-Viedma
Summary: This research focuses on the exploration of additive consistency for linguistic preference relations with self-confidence (LPRs-SC). It introduces operational laws, defines an additive consistency index, and develops an optimization model and iterative algorithm to repair inconsistencies. The proposed methods consider the acceptable adjustment range of experts and are extended to group decision making scenarios. Examples are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the methods.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Educational
Diana Selmeczy, Alireza Kazemi, Simona Ghetti
Summary: The study showed a dissociation between subjective recollection and decision accuracy, with children more likely to rely on subjective recollection in decision making under conditions of higher complexity.
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Samuel Recht, Pascal Mamassian, Vincent de Gardelle
Summary: This study found that salient, exogenous cues can temporarily boost perceptual sensitivity in their immediate vicinity. This increase in sensitivity is accompanied by an increase in confidence about the perceptual response, leading to stable metacognition. The results suggest that metacognition efficiently tracks the effects of a reflexive attentional mechanism known to evade voluntary control, and demonstrate the remarkable ability of high-level cognition to capture fleeting, low-level sensory modulations.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Asher Koriat
METACOGNITION AND LEARNING
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Asher Koriat
JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING
(2017)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Asher Koriat
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2008)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Asher Koriat
MEMORY & COGNITION
(2008)
Review
Psychology, Experimental
A Koriat
CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION
(2000)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
A Pansky, A Koriat
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2004)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
A Koriat, SN Greenberg, H Kreiner
MEMORY & COGNITION
(2002)