Journal
PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW
Volume 115, Issue 3, Pages 577-601Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/a0012667
Keywords
lexical process; letter position coding; word recognition; modeling; perceptual matching
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Funding
- NIMH NIH HHS [K05 MH001891, R37 MH044640-19, K05-MH01891, R37-MH44640, R37 MH044640-17, R37 MH044640-18, K05 MH001891-05, R37 MH044640] Funding Source: Medline
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Recent research has shown that letter identity and letter position are not integral perceptual dimensions (e.g., jugde primes judge in word-recognition experiments). Most comprehensive computational models of visual word recognition (e.g., the interactive activation model, J. L. McClelland & D. E. Rumelhart, 1981, and its successors) assume that the position of each letter within a word is perfectly encoded. Thus, these models are unable to explain the presence of effects of letter transposition (trial trail), letter migration (beard-bread), repeated letters (moose-mouse), or subset/superset effects (faulty-faculty). The authors extend R. Ratcliff's (1981) theory of order relations for encoding of letter positions and show that the model can successfully deal with these effects. The basic assumption is that letters in the visual stimulus have distributions over positions so that the representation of one letter will extend into adjacent letter positions. To test the model, the authors conducted a series of forced-choice perceptual identification experiments. The overlap model produced very good fits to the empirical data, and even a simplified 2-parameter model was capable of producing fits for 104 observed data points with a correlation coefficient of .91.
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