Review
Plant Sciences
Keisuke Yoshida, Toru Hisabori
Summary: Thiol/disulfide-based redox regulation is a common post-translational protein modification in plant chloroplasts, tightly associated with the light-induced activation of photosynthetic enzymes. The thioredoxin-mediated pathway has long been recognized as the fundamental machinery of chloroplast redox regulation, but recent studies have revealed the presence of multiple Trx isoforms and Trx-like proteins, as well as potential redox regulation targets among chloroplast enzymes. The discovery of novel redox-regulated processes and functional diversity in the Trx family proteins has shed new light on the molecular basis and physiological importance of this redox regulation system in chloroplasts.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuka Fukushi, Yuichi Yokochi, Ken-ichi Wakabayashi, Keisuke Yoshida, Toru Hisabori
Summary: Thioredoxin (Trx) plays a crucial role in regulating enzyme activities in chloroplasts through reducing disulfide bonds. Some stromal proteins have slow response to changes in redox condition caused by light/dark changes, while ATP synthase gamma subunit on the thylakoid membrane shows high sensitivity. The difference in redox kinetics may be determined by the localization of each protein in the chloroplast.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arjan de Groot, Laurence Blanchard, Nicolas Rouhier, Pascal Rey
Summary: Deinococcus species have remarkable tolerance to oxidative damage in extreme environmental conditions. Thiol reductases (TRs) play important roles in metabolism regulation and stress responses. The study reveals that Deinococcus possesses multiple enzyme systems that protect proteins and maintain redox status. Recent research further confirms the importance of TRs in Deinococcus' tolerance to oxidative treatments.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sabrina De Brasi-Velasco, Antonio Sanchez-Guerrero, Mari -Cruz Castillo, Didier Vertommen, Jose Leon, Francisca Sevilla, Ana Jimenez
Summary: Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, and its signaling is regulated by the nuclear receptor PYR1 and the protein TRXo1 through redox regulation. PYR1 inhibits the activity of phosphatase PP2Cs, while TRXo1 reduces oxidized PYR1 and restores its inhibitory function. This study reveals a previously unknown redox regulation of TRXo1 on PYR1, which may be important for ABA signaling.
Article
Plant Sciences
Benjamin Selles, Tiphaine Dhalleine, Alexis Boutilliat, Nicolas Rouhier, Jeremy Couturier
Summary: The study found that the cysteine residue in Arabidopsis PIN1At is crucial for its activity, and oxidative modifications of this residue can lead to decreased activity, formation of dimers, sulfinic or sulfonic acid forms, indicating its susceptibility to oxidative stress conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jin Meng, Ling Fu, Keke Liu, Caiping Tian, Ziyun Wu, Youngeun Jung, Renan B. Ferreira, Kate S. Carroll, T. Keith Blackwell, Jing Yang
Summary: The study provides a comprehensive assessment of cysteine reactivity and oxidative modifications in C. elegans, shedding light on redox signaling at the organismal level.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Hess, Simon Richter, Michael Liebthal, Karl-Josef Dietz, Angelika Mustroph
Summary: The chloroplast primary metabolism is tightly regulated to respond to various environmental conditions, including daily changes between day and night. Thioredoxin-mediated redox regulation is a crucial component in regulating plastid-localized metabolic enzymes, ensuring proper assimilation and dissimilation processes in plants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiba Abu Hariri, Ilana Braunstein, Talal Salti, Fabian Glaser, Tal Gefen, Naama Geva-Zatorsky, Tamar Ziv, Moran Benhar
Summary: This study characterized the dynamic cysteine proteome of human macrophages and identified the role of thiol redox control in regulating inflammatory responses. The findings provide insights into the adaptability of macrophages to changing inflammatory and redox environments.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maximilian Kramer-Drauberg, Chiara Ambrogio
Summary: This review highlights the significance of oncogenic KRAS in human cancer and the lack of approved therapy to inhibit it. The focus is on the redox regulation of RAS and the potential of targeting C118 as a novel approach for KRAS inhibition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tao Shi, Paulien E. Polderman, Marc Pages-Gallego, Robert M. Van Es, Harmjan R. Vos, Boudewijn M. T. Burgering, Tobias B. Dansen
Summary: Reversible cysteine oxidation is crucial in redox signaling and plays a role in altering protein structure and function. The tumor suppressor p53 is known to be redox-sensitive and can form disulfide-dependent interactions with other proteins under oxidizing conditions, potentially playing a role in regulating p53 activity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuichi Yokochi, Yuka Fukushi, Ken-ichi Wakabayashi, Keisuke Yoshida, Toru Hisabori
Summary: Thioredoxin and its related proteins play crucial roles in chloroplasts, regulating and coordinating the redox state of various photosynthesis-related proteins to adapt to the constantly changing light environment.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuichi Yokochi, Keisuke Yoshida, Florian Hahn, Atsuko Miyagi, Ken-ichi Wakabayashi, Maki Kawai-Yamada, Andreas P. M. Weber, Toru Hisabori
Summary: The redox regulation of enzyme activity through cysteine residues in chloroplasts is crucial for maintaining NADPH homeostasis under different light conditions. A mutation that eliminates a redox switch in chloroplast NADP-malate dehydrogenase results in severe growth retardation in plants under short-day or fluctuating light conditions, highlighting the importance of fine-tuning the activity of key enzymes for efficient photosynthesis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qi Chen, Yixian Xiao, Yu Ming, Rong Peng, Jiliang Hu, Hong-Bin Wang, Hong-Lei Jin
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fluctuating light conditions on the redox regulation of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The research shows that photosystem I (PSI) proteins are key targets of redox regulation and that exposure to fluctuating light results in decreased PSI abundance, stability, and activity. Additionally, the study uncovers the role of the PSI assembly factor PSA3 and thioredoxin m (Trx m) proteins in the redox switching of PSI and the overall functioning of photosynthesis. These findings provide insights into how plants acclimate to changing light conditions.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Keisuke Yoshida, Toru Hisabori
Summary: Various proteins in plant chloroplasts are regulated by thiol-based redox processes for light-responsive control. A specific form of phosphofructokinase (PFK), PFK5, is a novel redox-regulated protein that is suppressed upon reduction, while also being activated through oxidization by specific Trx proteins. This redox regulation of PFK5, together with other proteins like FBPase, plays a crucial role in switching light/dark metabolism in chloroplasts.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Geqing Wang, Jilong Qin, Anthony D. Verderosa, Lilian Hor, Carlos Santos-Martin, Jason J. Paxman, Jennifer L. Martin, Makrina Totsika, Begona Heras
Summary: This study identifies a set of charged residues forming an acidic groove on the non-catalytic face of EcDsbA, which modulates its activity. The high-resolution structures reveal that these residues form a water-mediated proton wire that transfers protons to the active site. The findings suggest that the acidic groove of DsbA could be targeted for the development of novel antibacterial therapeutics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefan Jarl Christensen, Michael Schmidt Madsen, Signe Schram Zinck, Christinne Hedberg, Ole Bandsholm Sorensen, Birte Svensson, Anne S. Meyer
Summary: 4-alpha-glucanotransferase mediated glucan transfer allows for the production of clean label starch ingredients with unique gelling properties. Researchers have studied six different GH77 members and found that four of them exhibit starch modifying activity, leading to a decrease in amylose content, elongation of amylopectin chains, and the formation of firm starch gels. The enzyme Tt4 alpha GT from Thermus thermophilus showed the highest temperature optimum (73 degrees C) and the best potato starch modifying efficacy compared to the other enzymes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Doblas, Per M. Hagglund, Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus, Michael J. Davies
Summary: This study investigates the modifications of proteins during milk processing and storage, with a focus on oxidation and crosslinking. The research reveals the formation and stability of crosslinks generated by the addition of Cys residues to quinones produced from the oxidation of Tyr residues. The findings provide insights into a novel mechanism of protein crosslink formation and information on the stability of these species, which could serve as markers for protein quality.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicolas Campolo, Mauricio Mastrogiovanni, Michele Mariotti, Federico M. Issoglio, Dario Estrin, Per Hagglund, Tilman Grune, Michael J. Davies, Silvina Bartesaghi, Rafael Radi
Summary: Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an important enzyme that plays a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism. This study investigated the oxidative inactivation of human GS by peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in vitro. The results showed that ONOO- exposure led to a dose-dependent loss of GS activity and various oxidative modifications of the enzyme. Multiple tyrosine nitration sites and dityrosine cross-links were identified, but nitration of specific tyrosine residues alone was not responsible for enzyme inactivation. In addition, ONOO- induced GS aggregation and activity loss, with thiol oxidation being a key modification to elicit aggregation.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Wang, Yazhen Wu, Stefan Jarl Christensen, Stefan Janecek, Yuxiang Bai, Marie Sofie Moller, Birte Svensson
Summary: In this study, a thermophilic 4-alpha-glucanotransferase was engineered by fusing starch binding domains (SBDs) to enhance its affinity for starch, leading to increased activity and stability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mikkel Madsen, Andreas Prestel, Eva Madland, Peter Westh, Anne Tondervik, Havard Sletta, Gunther H. J. Peters, Finn L. L. Aachmann, Birthe B. B. Kragelund, Birte Svensson
Summary: In order to improve the control of biomaterial property design, a better understanding of the complex coacervation between anionic polysaccharides and proteins is essential. This study investigated the initial steps of condensate formation between beta-lactoglobulin A (beta-LgA) and various alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs), providing structural details of their multivalent interactions. The results revealed that beta-LgA exhibited high multivalency and showed similar affinities for AOSs with increasing degree of polymerization. NMR analyses identified different binding sites for AOSs on beta-LgA, and molecular docking indicated that the AOSs have similar orientations at the preferred binding site. The study highlights the dynamic nature of the AOS binding and its role in the formation of disordered beta-LgA alginate coacervate structures.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiaoxiao Li, Danni Zheng, Jing Wu, Zhengyu Jin, Birte Svensson, Yuxiang Bai
Summary: Poor thermostability of gamma-CGTase restricts its application in starch utilization and gamma-CD yield. By adding Ca2+ and conducting site-directed mutagenesis, the thermostability of Bacillus sp. FJAT-44876 gamma-CGTase (BF gamma-CGTase) was improved. The addition of 10 mM Ca2+ increased the half-life (t1/2) at 55 and 60 degrees C from 3.0 to 0.3 h to 17.4 and 2.0 h, respectively. Ca2+ stabilized the tertiary structure of BF gamma-CGTase, leading to improved thermostability. A mutation to serine in an alpha-helix glycine residue also enhanced stability, especially at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the G208S mutant in the presence of 10 mM Ca2+ exhibited increased t1/2 and yield of gamma-CD production from tapioca starch. This study highlights the importance of rational protein engineering in enhancing enzymatic gamma-CD production.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mathias Jensen, Nicoline W. Thorsen, Line A. E. Hallberg, Per Hagglund, Clare L. Hawkins
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release plays a key role in chronic diseases like atherosclerosis, but the release of macrophage extracellular traps (METs) and their composition are less understood. This study investigated MET release from human THP-1 macrophages exposed to different stimuli and discovered that METs were composed of histones, various proteins involved in different cellular processes, and the absence of proteases. These findings provide new insights into the implications of MET formation in immune defense and pathology.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malene Bech Vester-Christensen, Jesper Holck, Martin Rejzek, Lea Perrin, Morten Tovborg, Birte Svensson, Robert A. Field, Marie Sofie Moller
Summary: A study found that the enzyme HvLD from barley showed a preference for pNP maltoside as both acceptor and donor, and exhibited excellent activity when pullulan or its fragment was used as the donor. In addition, HvLD could use a-maltosyl fluoride as a donor and maltose as the best acceptor. The findings provide insights for the production of glycoconjugate compounds with novel glycosylation patterns using natural donors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinxing Zhai, Xiaoxiao Li, Birte Svensson, Zhengyu Jin, Yuxiang Bai
Summary: In this study, rice flour (RF) with higher protein content was prepared using a granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme (GSHE). The hydrolytic mechanism of RF and rice starch (RS) was established through characterization of particle size, morphology, crystallinity, and molecular structures. Processability of RF was evaluated through thermal, pasting, and rheological properties. The GSHE treatment resulted in sequential hydrolysis of crystalline and amorphous areas on the starch granule surface, leading to changes in amylose content and protein content in RF. However, the processability of RF was properly maintained.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnes B. Petersen, Seyed Hossein Mirbarati, Birte Svensson, Jens O. Duus, David Teze
Summary: Engineering glycoside hydrolases is an important approach for obtaining catalysts that can form glycosidic bonds. In this study, an engineered enzyme called TtOGA-D120N from the GH84 family was shown to be an efficient O-, N-, and S-glycoligase, capable of using various nucleophiles. The enzyme also catalyzes the formation and release of an activated intermediate, which allows for cascade synthesis in combination with transglycosylases or glycosynthases, as demonstrated by the synthesis of a specific human milk oligosaccharide lacto-N-triose II.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jianfei He, Christine Y. Chuang, Clare L. Hawkins, Michael J. Davies, Per Hagglund
Summary: The extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues is formed by proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue integrity. Peroxynitrite, an oxidant produced during inflammation, can modify fibronectin and impair its function. This study investigated the effects of peroxynitrite on the structure of ECM and its interactions with cellular components. The results suggest that peroxynitrite can influence ECM structure and may have implications in pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuqi Xu, Christine Y. Chuang, Clare L. Hawkins, Per Hagglund, Michael J. Davies
Summary: Peroxynitrous acid/peroxynitrite (ONOOH/ONOO ¡) is a powerful oxidizing/nitrating system formed at sites of inflammation, which can modify biological targets, particularly proteins. This study found that multiple proteins from primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells are nitrated, with various modifications occurring on cellular and extracellular matrix proteins. The nitration occurs both endogenously and exogenously, and it may have significant effects on cell and protein function, potentially contributing to the development and exacerbation of diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yu Wang, Yu Tian, Yuyue Zhong, Mohammad Amer Suleiman, Georges Feller, Peter Westh, Andreas Blennow, Marie Sofie Moller, Birte Svensson
Summary: Degradation of starch granules can be increased by fusing the psychrophilic a-amylase AHA from Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAB23 with starch-binding domains (SBD) from either Aspergillus niger glucoamylase (SBDGA) or Arabidopsis thaliana glucan, water dikinase 3 (SBDGWD3). The fusion enzymes showed higher activity than the wild-type AHA, depending on the starch type and source. The increased density of enzyme attack-sites and binding-sites on the starch granules was measured using an interfacial catalysis approach.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mikkel Madsen, Hossein Mohammad-Beigi, Peter Westh, Finn L. Aachmann, Birte Svensson
Summary: The complex coacervation between alginate and beta-lactoglobulin can be controlled by pH and temperature, making it suitable for different purposes. Detailed characterization of the coacervation process and particles provides insights into molecular interactions and the effects of external factors. These findings have implications for microencapsulation and drug delivery.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Henriette Lyng Roder, Eleni Christidi, Cristina I. Amador, Samra Music, Asmus Kalckar Olesen, Birte Svensson, Jonas Stenlokke Madsen, Jakob Herschend, Jan-Ulrich Kreft, Mette Burmolle
Summary: The study revealed that flagella play a significant role in impacting plasmid transfer and uptake in bacterial biofilms, with mechanisms such as steric hindrance of pilus movement and binding reducing the frequency of contact and plasmid uptake. This finding adds a new layer of complexity to understanding bacterial conjugation in biofilms beyond traditional factors like distance and lag times.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)