Journal
PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION
Volume 23, Issue 7, Pages 499-506Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzq023
Keywords
fibril formation; human lysozyme; protein misfolding; systemic amyloidosis
Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/EO19927/1]
- Wellcome Trust
- European Commission [LSHM-CT-2006-037525]
- Leverhulme Trust
- Belgian Government [I.A.P. P6/19]
- Winston Churchill Foundation
- BBSRC
- Boerhinger Ingelheim
- EMBO
- Marie Curie
- Belgian Fonds de la Recherche pour les Industries et l'Agriculture
- Belgian F.R.S-FNRS
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/H003843/1, BB/E019927/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/H003843/1, BB/E019927/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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We report here the detailed characterisation of a non-naturally occurring variant of human lysozyme, I59T, which possesses a destabilising point mutation at the interface of the alpha- and beta-domains. Although more stable in its native structure than the naturally occurring variants that give rise to a familial form of systemic amyloidosis, I59T possesses many attributes that are similar to these disease-associated species. In particular, under physiologically relevant conditions, I59T populates transiently an intermediate in which a region of the structure unfolds cooperatively; this loss of global cooperativity has been suggested to be a critical feature underlying the amyloidogenic nature of the disease-associated lysozyme variants. In the present study, we have utilised this variant to provide direct evidence for the generic nature of the conformational transition that precedes the ready formation of the fibrils responsible for lysozyme-associated amyloid disease. This non-natural variant can be expressed at higher levels than the natural amyloidogenic variants, enabling, for example, singly isotopically labelled protein to be generated much more easily for detailed structural studies by multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, we demonstrate that the I59T variant can readily form fibrils in vitro, similar in nature to those of the amyloidogenic I56T variant, under significantly milder conditions than are needed for the wild-type protein.
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