Article
Chemistry, Applied
Eric Beckel, Karl Oyler, Neha Mehta, Natasha Khatri, John Marin, Akash Shah, Emily Cordaro-Gioia, Robert Decker, Henry Grau, Daniel Stec
Summary: Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) technology has matured rapidly over the past decade for defense applications, offering safe and efficient mixing capabilities. While it has been successfully applied to secondary explosives, its rigorous evaluation with highly sensitive primary explosives is still pending.
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xu-wen Liu, Yan Hu, Jia-heng Hu, Jia-xin Su, Cai-min Yang, Ying-hua Ye, Rui-qi Shen
Summary: This research successfully synthesized a Cu2O@HKUST-1 core-shell structure material and prepared a CuO@porous carbon (CuO@PC) composite material through gas-solid phase in-situ azidation reaction, resulting in the formation of a CuAz@PC composite energetic material. The composite material exhibits good electrostatic safety and high energy density.
DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jing Xu, Jian Sun, Xiaoxia Ma, Lei Zhang, Wenchao Tong, Li Yang
Summary: This paper proposes a new strategy, the metal organic framework/reactive antistatic agent strategy (MOF/RAA strategy), which introduces the reactive antistatic agent (WO3) into the ternary copper azide /carbon activity system. The novel reactive multi-component system (ternary copper azide /carbon/tungsten trioxide) shows high electrostatic safety and remarkable detonating ability due to the electrical conductivity and active participation of the reactive antistatic agent (WO3). This discovery provides a safe and energy-enhanced way for the design and synthesis of novel energetic compounds.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Lei Zhang, Jianhua Chen, Dongxiao Fu, Feipeng Lu, Yanlan Wang, Rui Zhang
Summary: A three-dimensional graphene aerogel-supported copper azide (CA-GAs) strategy was proposed and experimentally shown to effectively stabilize CA, achieving reliable detonation.
MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chunpei Yu, Wenchao Zhang, Mingchun Xian, Jiaxin Wang, Junhong Chen, Yajie Chen, Wei Shi, Gexing Yang, Jiahai Ye, Kefeng Ma, Junwu Zhu
Summary: In this study, a nanoparticle-encapsulated conductive skeleton based on primary explosives was successfully developed for use in miniaturized explosive systems. The resulting CA/C film demonstrated superior performance in energy release, sensitivity, and initiation ability compared to most reported primary explosives.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Haibo Li, Yanna Wang, Zhenghe Wei, Xiaoming Yang, Linna Liang, Lianghong Xia, Maohao Long, Zhimin Li, Tonglai Zhang
Summary: Exploring alternatives to lead-containing primary explosives has always been a pressing issue in the field of energetic materials. This research synthesized four energetic coordination polymers with fascinating molecular structures confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The compounds showed tunable ignition performances and sensitivities, with weak interaction effectively improving their stability.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xuwen Liu, Yan Hu, Caimin Yang, Jiaxin Su, Yinghua Ye, Ruiqi Shen
Summary: Chitosan (CTS) is an adsorbent that can absorb copper ions, and the carbon skeleton formed by the pyrolysis of CTS has excellent electrical conductivity, which improves the electrostatic safety of copper azide (CA). In this study, CTS was used to adsorb and flocculate copper ions in wastewater to form a CTS-Cu complex, which was then calcined to form a porous carbon matrix and embedded with copper nanoparticles, creating a Cu@carbonized chitosan (CCTS) precursor material. The resulting CA@CCTS is a novel lead-free primary explosive with good electrostatic safety and a high proportion of CA.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zi-Xin Fang, Chao Wang, Yong-Li Wei, Qian-You Wang, Shuang-Quan Zang
Summary: Researchers have successfully fabricated a highly adaptive bulk material of copper azide-based safe primary explosive, which demonstrates various mechanical stabilities and high detonation power in simulated working conditions. This work has a broad range of applications and can be used for the fabrication of safe micro-initiators.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhaoyang Yin, Wei Huang, Yongxing Tang
Summary: The study successfully synthesized an energetic salt with excellent initiating performance, high density, high heat of formation, and outstanding detonation performance. The compound also exhibited a high thermal decomposition temperature and controllable mechanical sensitivities, making it suitable for use as a next-generation primary explosive.
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yongan Feng, Sitong Chen, Zhimin Li, Tonglai Zhang
Summary: By stabilizing copper(II)-azide via hydrogen bonding with NH2 substituted ligands, two highly energetic polymers, CMA-1 and CMA-2, were synthesized and confirmed to have improved thermal stability and reduced mechanical and electrostatic sensitivities. CMA-2, in particular, showed comprehensive performance beyond all other initiating substances to date, making it a promising candidate for new-generation initiating explosives with advantages like non-toxicity, high nitrogen content, and powerful ignition capability.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yongquan Ning, Hongwei Wang, Paramasivam Sivaguru, Shuang Li, Giuseppe Zanoni, Steven P. Nolan, Xihe Bi
Summary: A novel method for accessing 5-fluoroalkyl 1,2,3-triazoles from easily prepared PFHZ-Ms has been reported, showing good to excellent yields in the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles and applicability to a variety of amines. This method's utility was demonstrated in the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chi Zhang, Meiling Shao, Dongqing Wu, Zhongyi Li, Muzhi Zhao, Xiangfei Zhang, Bin Zhai, Yunjun Luo, Xiaoyu Li
Summary: In this study, two novel azide ionic liquids (AILs) were designed and synthesized for highly efficient azidation reactions of polymers under mild conditions. Compared with traditional methods, both AILs exhibited higher reaction rates and better functional group tolerance, and they could also serve as both reagents and solvents. Theoretical simulations revealed that the excellent performance of AILs was attributed to the presence of ion pairs and the crucial role of E3 moieties. Additionally, the AILs could be easily regenerated after the reaction, providing a safer, greener, and more efficient synthesis route for azide polymers.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Thomas M. Klapoetke, Moritz Kofen, Joerg Stierstorfer
Summary: N-Hydroxymethylation provides a promising method for introducing nitratomethyl and azidomethyl moieties, leading to high-performing melt-castable energetic materials with increased sensitivities towards mechanical stimuli. The diazidomethyl derivative, in particular, shows promise as a new melt-castable primary explosive due to its short deflagration to detonation transition.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jie Tang, Hualin Xiong, Guojie Zhang, Yongxing Tang, Hongwei Yang, Guangbin Cheng
Summary: Two zwitterionic energetic materials with pyrazole-triazole backbone were synthesized and characterized. Compound 3 is suggested as an ideal secondary explosive with high decomposition temperature, low impact sensitivity, and calculated detonation velocity, while Compound 4 shows potential as a primary explosive in tests.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Junhong Chen, Wenchao Zhang, Yajie Chen, Mingchun Xian, Jiaxin Wang, Changkun Song, Jianyong Xu, Chunpei Yu, Gexing Yang
Summary: Electric initiating explosive devices (EIEDs) are increasingly important in military and civilian applications. New energetic films like CA-CP film and CA film need to be designed to meet the demand for sustainable devices. Improved materials have enhanced ignition performance and electrostatic sensitivity.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
