Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qingyi Tian, Fangchen Zhao, Han Zeng, Maoyan Zhu, Baoyu Jiang
Summary: Pharyngeal arches are an important innovation in the evolution of vertebrate jaws and braincase. By analyzing the branchial arches of yunnanozoans, it was found that they share similar cellular cartilage and extracellular matrix features with vertebrates, providing further evidence that yunnanozoans are stem vertebrates.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Tetsuro Kono, Toshiro Sakae, Hiroshi Nakada, Takashi Kaneda, Hiroyuki Okada
Summary: The purpose of this article is to prevent further confusion regarding the naming of biological apatite and provide a clear definition. According to the International Mineralogical Association, biological apatite is a carbonated hydroxyapatite, which is distinct from carbonate apatite. The authors hope that this defined classification will be widely adopted in various research and applied fields to eliminate confusion.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Isabella Leonhard, Bryan Shirley, Duncan J. E. Murdock, John Repetski, Emilia Jarochowska
Summary: Recent research on conodonts' dental elements suggests that they were capable of food processing and exhibited periodic growth. The study indicates that early conodonts displayed periodic growth and tissue repair preceded response to wear and damage. Despite little change in trophic position, their trophic ecology differed from that documented in complex conodonts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samhita P. Banavar, Emmet K. Carn, Payam Rowghanian, Georgina Stooke-Vaughan, Sangwoo Kim, Otger Campas
Summary: This study theoretically examines how regional control of fluid and solid tissue states plays a key role in shaping the extending vertebrate body axis. The transition from fluid to solid tissue along the anteroposterior axis and tissue surface tension determine tissue shape and elongation direction. The existence of a fluid-to-solid tissue transition influences morphogenetic flows and stresses, leading to unidirectional axis elongation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrzej Kuczumow, Jakub Nowak, Renata Chalas, Maja Ptasiewicz, Przemyslaw Siejak, Maciej Jarzebski
Summary: New types of biological apatites have been discovered in sheep and horse teeth, with one type showing changes in Ca to P ion ratio from dentin depth to enamel boundary, and another type characterized by alternating layers of Mg-rich and C-rich apatites. Various combinations of main and minor elements lead to the formation of these new versions of biological apatites.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takafumi Kawai, Masaki Hashimoto, Natsuki Eguchi, Junko M. Nishino, Yuka Jinno, Risa Mori-Kreiner, Mans Aspaker, Daijiro Chiba, Yukio Ohtsuka, Akira Kawanabe, Atsuo S. Nishino, Yasushi Okamura
Summary: Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1s) are crucial for action potential generation and propagation in neurons, muscles, and endocrine cells. They are targeted by various drugs and mutations in Nav1 genes can lead to human disorders. While the basic properties of Nav1s were initially studied in invertebrates, attempts at expressing Nav1s from marine invertebrates heterologously have been unsuccessful.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sophie M. Travis, Brian P. Mahon, Wei Huang, Meisheng Ma, Michael J. Rale, Jodi Kraus, Derek J. Taylor, Rui Zhang, Sabine Petry
Summary: This study reveals the role of the augmin complex in microtubule branching through a structural model. By using cryo-electron microscopy and negative stain electron microscopy, the location and microtubule binding site of the augmin complex were identified. Evolutionary analysis shows that the structure and function of augmin are highly conserved across eukaryotes. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of microtubule branching.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Najva Akbari, Rose L. Tatarsky, Kristine E. Kolkman, Joseph R. Fetcho, Andrew H. Bass, Chris Xu
Summary: Danionella, a neuroscience model, allows scientists to study the entire depth and rostral-caudal extent of the adult vertebrate brain using two- and three-photon microscopy.
Article
Ecology
Krista J. J. Ward, Shania E. M. Burkhead, Emily A. A. Stybr-Burrus, Thomas M. M. Luhring
Summary: Intermittent streams experience dynamic hydrology, resulting in local extirpations and recolonisation of vertebrate groups. This study investigated the legacy effects of drying and refilling of wetlands on the growth, survival, and ecological function of recolonising aquatic vertebrates.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Manon Valet, Eric D. Siggia, Ali H. Brivanlou
Summary: Mechanical forces play a crucial role in embryonic development by regulating key developmental processes through downstream genetic regulatory networks. Advancements in in vitro models have helped to understand the role of mechanical forces in animal and human embryonic development.
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Nurul Aisyah Rizky Putranti, Ryo Kunimatsu, Kodai Rikitake, Tomoka Hiraki, Kengo Nakajima, Takaharu Abe, Yuji Tsuka, Shuzo Sakata, Ayaka Nakatani, Hiroki Nikawa, Kotaro Tanimoto
Summary: This study clarifies the efficiency of using a combination of stem cells from human deciduous teeth and carbonate apatite in bone regeneration. Results show that the combination of these two materials promotes significant bone regeneration and enhances the expression of related proteins. The findings suggest that this transplantation combination may be a promising method for bone regeneration in alveolar defects.
Article
Geography, Physical
Katrin Weber, Daniela E. Winkler, Ellen Schulz-Kornas, Thomas M. Kaiser, Thomas Tuetken
Summary: Dental microwear texture analysis is a common method used to reconstruct diet, but post-mortem mechanical modifications of dental surfaces can introduce bias in dietary reconstructions of extinct species. This study explores post-mortem surface alterations during excavation, preparation, and conservation processes, providing methods to identify and differentiate these altered features from ante-mortem wear features caused by ingested diet.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kang Liu, Maosheng Jiang, Liyu Zhang, Daizhao Chen
Summary: This study reports the reconstruction of the Ordovician paleotemperature in the Tarim Basin, northwestern China, and suggests the presence of a global climate signal. The early-middle Darriwilian period experienced a slight climate warming, while the late Darriwilian-Sandbian period underwent significant climate cooling, possibly due to volcanic degassing and continental weathering.
JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christian Thieme, Marc Dittmer, Thomas Hoeche, Markus Rampf, Christian Ruessel
Summary: Phase formation in glasses from the Na2O-Y2O3-SiO2-ZrO2 system was studied and the effects of thermal history were investigated. During slow cooling, a precipitate of apatite structure phase (NaY9Si6O26) was observed, whereas the remaining glassy phase was enriched in ZrO2. It was also found that fast cooling resulted in glass formation without instant crystallization. Subsequent heating led to the formation of an unknown phase at lower temperatures and NaYSi2O6 crystals at higher temperatures. Nucleation and crystal growth experiments showed the homogeneous formation of small ZrO2 particles within the samples.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guangdong Li, Chuanglin Fang, Yingjie Li, Zhenbo Wang, Siao Sun, Sanwei He, Wei Qi, Chao Bao, Haitao Ma, Yupeng Fan, Yuxue Feng, Xiaoping Liu
Summary: Urban expansion has significant negative impacts on global biodiversity, leading to habitat loss and fragmentation. The expansion of cities is projected to be higher in the current important biodiversity priority areas. This study highlights the urgent need for sustainable urban development to balance urban expansion and biodiversity conservation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geology
Theresa Nohl, Manuel J. Steinbauer, Matthias Sinnesael, Emilia Jarochowska
Summary: Limestone-marl alternations are commonly used for high-resolution cyclostratigraphic studies and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. However, diagenetic studies indicate that not all alternations reflect genuine differences in initial sediment composition driven by environmental changes. A method to differentiate cases and identify variations in calcite and aragonite proportions in precursor sediment composition is provided. The vector length approach can test the diagenetic origin of alternations, identify initial variations in CaCO3 input, and assess suitability for cyclostratigraphic analyses.
Article
Geology
Emilia Jarochowska, Oskar Bremer, Alexandra Yiu, Tiiu Marss, Henning Blom, Thomas Mors, Vivi Vajda
Summary: The Ludfordian strata in the Burgen outlier in eastern Gotland, Sweden provide insight into the initial faunal recovery following the Ludfordian Carbon Isotope Excursion global environmental perturbation. Vertebrate microfossils in the Jeppsson collection offer clues to the dynamics of faunal immigration and diversification during the decline of the LCIE. The revision of the fauna and characterization of key outcrops shed light on the stratigraphic relationships and evolution of the Burgen and Kapellet formations.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
David C. Ray, Emilia Jarochowska, Helen E. Hughes, Anna L. Claussen, Arthur C. Tingley, John Moseley, Oskar Bremer
Summary: The passage discusses a Silurian nearshore succession in quarries between Old Radnor and Presteigne, Welsh Borderlands. By using facies analysis, carbon isotope values, and other methods, the researchers refined their stratigraphic understanding of this unique succession, finding similarities to the Midland Platform and the broader Silurian world. Noteworthy features include the early Sheinwoodian carbon isotope excursion and sea-level changes of regional and global extent.
Review
Geology
Or M. Bialik, Emilia Jarochowska, Michal Grossowicz
Summary: Ordination methods, used to analyze multiple variables without preceding hypotheses, have seen increased utilization in Earth science, particularly in sedimentary source analyses. This text aims to introduce researchers to the utility and pitfalls of these methods, offering a detailed review of three specific ordination methods. A survey of 163 publications in Earth science highlights common mistakes and misuses, with recommendations for a workflow provided for Earth scientists looking to apply ordination techniques. Accompanying highly annotated R scripts are provided for novice users.
DEPOSITIONAL RECORD
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Adam D. Sproson, Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann, David Selby, Emilia Jarochowska, Jiri Fryda, Jindrich Hladil, David K. Loydell, Ladislav Slavik, Mikael Calner, Georg Maier, Axel Munnecke, Timothy M. Lenton
Summary: The Ordovician period ended with the formation of extensive ice sheets in the Southern Hemisphere known as the Hirnantian glaciation, along with the second largest mass extinction in Earth's history. The following Silurian period was characterized by climatic instability and large carbon isotope perturbations associated with extinction events, the causes of which remain largely unknown. The study suggests that astronomical forcing of the marine organic carbon cycle triggered continent-wide glaciation and global cooling during the Silurian period.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Blazej Berkowski, Mikolaj K. Zapalski, Emilia Jarochowska, Phil Alderslade
Summary: Heterocorals, an enigmatic group of Palaeozoic corals, display unique colony development not found in other anthozoans, leading to the proposal of including them in the subclass Octocorallia. This suggestion, based on skeleton structure and branching patterns, requires further research on other heterocoral taxa to be validated. Additionally, changes to the morphological terminology for Heterocorallia are proposed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Isabella Leonhard, Bryan Shirley, Duncan J. E. Murdock, John Repetski, Emilia Jarochowska
Summary: Recent research on conodonts' dental elements suggests that they were capable of food processing and exhibited periodic growth. The study indicates that early conodonts displayed periodic growth and tissue repair preceded response to wear and damage. Despite little change in trophic position, their trophic ecology differed from that documented in complex conodonts.
Article
Geology
Bryan Shirley, Emilia Jarochowska
Summary: This study quantifies the errors in elemental composition obtained with EDX analysis arising from surface topography and user decisions. The research shows that microscale topography can distort measured composition by up to 34%, while features like tilt can lead to differences of up to 85%. Factors like working distance, standard choice, and leveling with the sample surface also affect the results.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
David F. Terrill, Emilia Jarochowska, Charles M. Henderson, Bryan Shirley, Oskar Bremer
Summary: Conodonts are a diverse and abundant vertebrate group found in marine Paleozoic and Triassic strata. This study tested the hypothesis that individual conodont taxa occupied different trophic niches, using Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios preserved in dental elements.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Valentin Kelz, Pauline Guenser, Manuel Rigo, Emilia Jarochowska
Summary: The drivers of the rapid morphological evolution of conodont elements are debated, with some arguing that the elements performed mechanical digestion based on positive allometric relationships. This study reevaluates the assumption that energy requirements and tooth area grew at different rates, finding support for a grasping-tooth hypothesis. It also suggests that conodont metabolic rates increased faster than mass, and food diversification may have been an important driver of the disparity in conodont elements.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Steffen Hetzinger, Madleen Grohganz, Jochen Halfar, Ed Hathorne, Enric Ballesteros, Diego K. Kersting
Summary: Coralline algae are important ecological players in the world's oceans and can serve as climate records. However, most algal-based paleo-reconstructions are only available from mid- to high-latitudes, with few examples from low latitude and temperate regions.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geology
Patrycja G. Dworczak, Emilia Jarochowska, Matthias Lopez Correa, Blazej Berkowski
Summary: The study presents a detailed investigation of barnacle borings in heterocoral remains from the Devonian period in Morocco. Using micro-CT scans, the authors visualize the 3D morphology, orientation, and distribution of the borings, and conduct ordination and cluster analyses. The findings suggest that these borings do not fit any known ichnotaxa and leave room for further research and discussion in the field.
ANNALES SOCIETATIS GEOLOGORUM POLONIAE
(2022)