Article
Ecology
Michael Garvey, Justin Bredlau, Karen Kester, Curtis Creighton, Ian Kaplan
Summary: Research in ecological immunology has shown that immune responses in insects may not always trade-off with other physiological functions when exposed to toxic plants. In the study of tobacco hornworms, it was found that while plant toxicity impacted insect growth, specific plant chemicals like nicotine actually stimulated the immune response. This highlights the importance of understanding the role of specific secondary metabolites in shaping immune responses in insects.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Zhi Li, Jiye Wang, Yang Wang, Sachula Meng, Sai Wu, Huixia Ding, Zhihui Wang
Summary: This paper introduces a research method on power service network slicing based on dynamic intelligent resource allocation to meet different QoS requirements. By modeling the throughput and latency of eMBB and uRLLC slice users, a mathematical model for maximizing eMBB slice throughput while ensuring uRLLC slice latency is established.
COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Huifang Wang, Zhuoyue Lu, Nemat O. Keyhani, Juan Deng, Xin Zhao, Shuaishuai Huang, Zhibing Luo, Kai Jin, Yongjun Zhang
Summary: Fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana expresses an endo-beta-1,3-glucanase (BbEng1) that helps the fungus evade host immune recognition and defense by remodeling the cell wall pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Loss of BbEng1 increases cell wall glucan levels and overexpression of BbEng1 decreases cell wall glucan levels, leading to increased virulence.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Catarina Nunes, Takashi Koyama, Elio Sucena
Summary: The study reveals that Drosophila melanogaster increases the expression of antimicrobial peptides before metamorphosis, which is a crucial step in triggering metamorphic molt by ecdysone pulse. Ecdysone regulates the immune system through both systemic and local responses, playing a vital role in controlling bacterial numbers during pupation. The co-option of immune effectors by the hormonal system may be an anticipatory mechanism for bacterial control during metamorphosis evolution.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simon Snoeck, Natalia Guayazan-Palacios, Adam D. Steinbrenner
Summary: This review discusses the mechanisms by which plants perceive and respond to chewing and piercing-sucking herbivores. It examines the recognition of herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) and effectors by plant immune systems, and emphasizes the importance of these initial molecular interactions in resistance. The review also explores the potential evolution of immune receptor functions and the integration of sensing functions in plant-herbivore interactions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Javed A. Mulla, Vaijayanti A. Tamhane
Summary: Plant defensin CanDef-20 has antibiotic effects on Helicoverpa armigera larvae, impacting insect metabolism and growth development through interactions with cell membrane, enzymes, cytoplasmic proteins, and triggering transposon mobilization.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Yingshan Chen, Qiang Fu, Vijay P. Singh, Yi Ji, Mo Li, Yijia Wang
Summary: An uncertainty-based multiobjective optimization model was developed for the allocation of agricultural soil and water resources. The model achieved good results in terms of economics, environment, and resource utilization, and helped promote the sustainable development of irrigation areas.
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Ornithology
Conor C. Taff, Brianna A. Johnson, Allison T. Anker, Alyssa M. Rodriguez, Jennifer L. Houtz, Jennifer J. Uehling, Maren N. Vitousek
Summary: Life history theory provides a framework for understanding how trade-offs generate negative trait associations. Among nestling birds, time spent in the nest, risk of predation, and lifespan covary, showing the importance of understanding the allocation trade-offs between different traits in avian development.
Article
Plant Sciences
Harun Bektas, Christopher E. Hohn, Adam J. Lukaszewski, John Giles Waines
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that a larger root biomass is associated with increased above-ground biomass under limited water supply, and this relationship is influenced by genetic control and environmental factors. This study analyzes the relationship between shoot and root biomass in bread wheat and its wild relatives using a large dataset. The results show a positive correlation between shoot and root biomass, with the correlation values increasing over time. Further analysis suggests that increasing root biomass beyond a certain point may negatively impact shoot biomass. The study also highlights the different responses of two wheat cultivars to water availability scenarios, emphasizing the need to breed wheat varieties for specific environmental challenges.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Suzana G. Leles, Naomi M. Levine
Summary: This study reveals the metabolic trade-offs driving thermal acclimation in phytoplankton and discusses how these trade-offs can be overcome through evolutionary adaptation. The relationships between traits such as chlorophyll, lipid content, C:N, and size can be predicted based on the metabolic demands of the cell, the thermal dependency of transporters, and changes in membrane lipids.
Article
Agronomy
Tatiana A. Shestakova, Sven Mutke, Javier Gordo, J. Julio Camarero, Ester Sin, Jesus Peman, Jordi Voltas
Summary: The study found that timber production and nut production are perfectly compatible in stone pine forests in the Northern Plateau of Spain, as resources are not diverted from growth during mast years. The research highlights the importance of synchronous growth and reproduction patterns, as well as the strong positive correlation between growth and yield with a 3-year lag.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Suhan Jiang, Jie Wu
Summary: Fair allocation has been a topic of intensive study in economics and computer science, particularly in the context of multi-resource allocation in shared computer systems. Traditional methods often focus on abstracting multiple resources as a single resource bundle, but this may not meet the needs of diverse users. A promising approach, dominant resource fairness (DRF), has been proposed to equalize each user's dominant share while considering efficiency. This article introduces a new mechanism, 2-dominant resource fairness (2-DF), which takes into account a user's secondarily desired resource in addition to the dominant resource, and extends the concept to k-dominant resource fairness (k-DF).
CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claire Moen, J. Chadwick Johnson, Jennifer Hackney Price
Summary: The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) controls molting in arthropods and its production is influenced by environmental factors. The relationship between 20E levels and spiderling development under different temperatures was examined in the Western black widow spider. It was found that high temperatures influenced 20E levels and had negative effects on spiderling development. Differential effects of temperature on pre-molt and intermolt 20E titers suggest distinct hormonal mechanisms underlying the physiological response to heat in spiders.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Lingjie Li, Qiuzhen Lin, Zhong Ming, Ka-Chun Wong, Maoguo Gong, Carlos A. Coello Coello
Summary: This article proposes an immune-inspired resource allocation strategy to better balance convergence and diversity in many-objective optimization. By defining the diversity distances of solutions, resource allocation is realized using an immune cloning operator to explore sparse regions of the search space. A novel archive update mechanism is also designed to provide high-quality solutions. The experimental results validate the superiority of this method in solving complex MOPs with 5 to 15 objectives.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Baiyang He, Ying Meng, Lixin Tang
Summary: In this article, an adaptive optimization method is proposed for the dynamic resource allocation problem in the manufacturing industry. The method utilizes a novel reinforcement learning approach to adaptively set the weights for multiple objectives and generates noninferior solutions. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art reinforcement learning methods.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS
(2023)
