Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kefei Yu
Summary: This mini review discusses recent advances in understanding the function and regulation of AID in B cells, including its molecular structure, advances in high throughput techniques, and the mechanism of AID-mediated class switch recombination. These studies have provided insights into the biochemical properties and function of AID.
ACTA BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA SINICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Emily Sible, Mary Attaway, Giuseppe Fiorica, Genesis Michel, Jayanta Chaudhuri, Bao Q. Vuong
Summary: This study reveals the critical role of ATM and MSH2 in regulating class-switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulins (Ig). ATM promotes this process through its interaction with APE1 via pS38-AID, and ATM and MSH2 cooperate to regulate nonhomologous end joining during CSR.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christine Grundstrom, Thomas Grundstrom
Summary: The transcription factor E2A interacts with AID to bind and cleave single-stranded DNA, playing a crucial role in targeting AID to switch regions and antibody gene mutation sites.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liat Stoler-Barak, Ethan Harris, Ayelet Peres, Hadas Hezroni, Mirela Kuka, Pietro Di Lucia, Amalie Grenov, Neta Gurwicz, Meital Kupervaser, Bon Ham Yip, Matteo Iannacone, Gur Yaari, John D. Crispino, Ziv Shulman
Summary: The protein kinase DYRK1A is essential for B cell-mediated protection from viral infection and effective vaccination by regulating class switch recombination (CSR). It plays a crucial role in B cell immune responses, including attenuating B cell proliferation and promoting the production of pathogen-eliminating antibodies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Xikui Sun, Jingning Bai, Jiejie Xu, Xiaoli Xi, Mingyu Gu, Chengming Zhu, Hongman Xue, Chun Chen, Junchao Dong
Summary: The study demonstrates the critical roles of CtIP and Mre11 in mediating A-EJ CSR, while DNA2 and BLM are involved in long S region DSB resection. Additionally, ATM and its kinase activity can function partly independently of CtIP/Mre11 to mediate A-EJ switching.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Ahmed M. Refaat, Mikiyo Nakata, Afzal Husain, Hidetaka Kosako, Tasuku Honjo, Nasim A. Begum
Summary: B cells generate different classes of antibodies through class-switch recombination (CSR) mediated by classical non-homologous end joining (C-NHEJ). The RNA-binding protein HNRNPU promotes the joining of DNA breaks at the switch (S) regions through the 53BP1-shieldin DNA-repair complex. HNRNPU interacts with S region RNA/DNA G-quadruplexes and regulates R-loop and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) accumulation. It facilitates CSR by forming and stabilizing the C-NHEJ ribonucleoprotein complex and preventing excessive R-loop accumulation, which can lead to genomic instability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abdul B. Hayran, Nina B. Liabakk, Per A. Aas, Anna Kusnierczyk, Cathrine B. Vagbo, Antonio Sarno, Tobias S. Iveland, Konika Chawla, Astrid Zahn, Javier M. Di Noia, Geir Slupphaug, Bodil Kavli
Summary: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) interacts with replication protein A (RPA) to promote conversion of cytosine to uracil in immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) plays a crucial role in Ig diversification and genome repair through its interaction with AID. The study shows that the UNG:RPA interaction is important for class switch recombination (CSR) and repair of AID-induced uracil, but has no significant impact on total genomic uracil levels.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simin Zheng, Allysia J. Matthews, Numa Rahman, Kayleigh Herrick-Reynolds, Emily Sible, Jee Eun Choi, Alec Wishnie, Yan Kee Ng, Daniela Rhodes, Stephen J. Elledge, Bao Q. Vuong
Summary: Class switch recombination (CSR) is the process of B cells switching production from IgM/IgD to other immunoglobulin isotypes. SANBR, identified as a negative regulator of CSR, inhibits CSR through its BTB domain.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chloe Oudinet, Xuefei Zhang, Nadine Puget, Nia Kyritsis, Claire Leduc, Fatima-Zohra Braikia, Audrey Dauba, Frederick W. Alt, Ahmed Amine Khamlichi
Summary: Immunoglobulin class switch recombination plays a crucial role in humoral immune responses by altering the effector functions of antibodies. The A-NHEJ pathway in CSR shows a preference for longer junctional micro-homologies, and the molecular basis of S mu specificity remains unclear. Introducing the E mu enhancer into the S gamma 3 region confers the recombinational features of S mu to S gamma 3, indicating a bias for longer MH.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Hongchang Zhao, Stella R. Hartono, Kirtney Mae Flores de Vera, Zheyuan Yu, Krishni Satchi, Tracy Zhao, Roger Sciammas, Lionel Sanz, Frederic Chedin, Jacqueline Barlow, Michela Di Virgilio
Summary: Class switch recombination is a crucial process for generating distinct antibody isotypes, and defects in this process are associated with autoimmune disorders and lymphoma genesis. In this study, we found that cells lacking two enzymes involved in removing R loops exhibited increased R loop formation and genome instability at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. However, this did not affect transcriptional activity, AID recruitment, or class switch recombination efficiency. Our findings suggest that senataxin and RNase H2 act together in removing R loops, promoting efficient repair and suppressing AID-dependent genome instability and insertional mutagenesis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Di Liu, Myron F. Goodman, Phuong Pham, Kefei Yu, Chih-Lin Hsieh, Michael R. Lieber
Summary: Activation-induced deaminase (AID) deaminates cytosine within single-stranded DNA. This study found that AID deamination on duplex DNA substrates is reduced when RNase A is added during transcription. The researchers also discovered that AID acts with similar efficiency on RNA-DNA fusion substrates and DNA-only substrates. Based on these findings, they proposed a model in which the mRNA tail plays a critical role in AID loading and collision with DNA strands.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julian Weischedel, Laurence Higgins, Sally Rogers, Anna Gramalla-Schmitz, Paulina Wyrzykowska, Simone Borgoni, Thomas Maccarthy, Richard Chahwan
Summary: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic adaptive immunity have significant differences, but their gene editing mechanisms via Cas9 and activation-induced deaminase (AID) can complement each other. AID-based editor described in this study is able to recapitulate the full spectrum of genomic and epigenomic editing activity, providing insights into AID biology and improving targeted genomic and epigenomic editing.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui-Xia Liu, Chuangyu Wen, Weibiao Ye, Yewei Li, Junxiong Chen, Qian Zhang, Weiqian Li, Wanfei Liang, Lili Wei, Jingdan Zhang, Ka-Wo Chan, Xueqin Wang, Xiangling Yang, Huanliang Liu
Summary: In this study, the altered clonotype, phenotype, and immunoglobulin subclasses of tumor-infiltrating B cells in colorectal cancer were identified. Remarkably, the changes in the B cell immunoglobulin signature could also be detected in the plasma of CRC patients, suggesting a distinct B cell response in CRC. The diagnostic model based on the altered plasma immunoglobulin signature showed improved sensitivity compared to traditional biomarkers, indicating its potential as a non-invasive method for CRC assessment.
Article
Immunology
Marina Alexeeva, Marivi Nabong Moen, Xiang Ming Xu, Anette Rasmussen, Ingar Leiros, Finn Kirpekar, Arne Klungland, Lene Alsoe, Hilde Nilsen, Svein Bjelland
Summary: Uracil arises in DNA through deamination and replication errors, and its repair by uracil-DNA glycosylase and the base excision repair pathway are crucial in maintaining genomic stability. The mechanisms of DNA incision following uracil excision are still uncertain, but it has been shown that hUNG may play a role in this process and contribute to class switch recombination activity in cells deficient in other repair enzymes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Susie L. Brown, Jonathan J. Bauer, Juhyung Lee, Enatha Ntirandekura, Jason S. Stumhofer
Summary: Memory B cells (MBCs) play a crucial role in long-term immune response. This study identified two predominant MBC populations in response to P. yoelii infection, which are characterized by somatic hypermutation and expression of specific surface proteins. Further experiments showed that these MBC populations can produce antigen-specific antibodies and differentiate into B cells with a germinal center phenotype during secondary infection.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Si-Li Zheng, Dong-Sheng Wang, Xin Dong, Yun-Feng Guan, Qi Qi, Wen-Jun Hu, Chen Hong, Chuan Zhang, Chao-Yu Miao
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of intravenous NMN in normal and ischemic stroke mice, its therapeutic effect on ischemic brain infarction, and the acute toxicity after injection. The results showed that NMN can distribute to various tissues, enter the brain to boost NAD levels, and exhibit therapeutic effect without acute toxicity. The kidney was found to have the highest distribution of NMN.
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pei-Gang Liu, Zi-Long Xu, Yan Zhu, Tian-Bao Lin, Zhi-Qiang Lv, Sheng Yang, Jin-Wang Wang, Wen-Jun Hu, Lin Chen, Jia Wei
Summary: In this study, the transcriptomic and metabolomic differences between the staminate flowers and pistillate flowers of mulberry were investigated. The results revealed that differentially expressed genes and metabolites were involved in various pathways, possibly affecting the sex differentiation process in mulberry.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Qiong-Fang Wu, Mao-Wei Xing, Wen-Jun Hu, Xian Su, Dan-Feng Zhang, Dong-Liang Mu, Dong-Xin Wang
Summary: In elderly patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery, acute kidney injury (AKI) was not associated with 3-year mortality.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jiawei Liang, Wei Zhang, Yu Qin, Ying Li, Gang Logan Liu, Wenjun Hu
Summary: This study developed a novel method using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors, optical imaging, and artificial intelligence methods to directly detect SARS-CoV-2 virus particles. This method requires no sample preparation and can qualitatively and quantitatively detect virus concentration with an accuracy of over 97%.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Taiqiu Chen, Yan Peng, Wenjun Hu, Huihong Shi, Pengfei Li, Yichen Que, Jincheng Qiu, Xianjian Qiu, Bo Gao, Hang Zhou, Yanbo Chen, Yuanxin Zhu, Shaoguang Li, Anjing Liang, Wenjie Gao, Dongsheng Huang
Summary: This study demonstrates that irisin can significantly enhance chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs via the Rap1/PI3K/AKT pathway, showing prospects for cartilage regeneration.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongli Fan, Liping Huang, Rui Li, Mingqian Chen, Junjie Huang, Hao Xu, Wenjun Hu, Gang L. Liu
Summary: This study aims to develop a high-throughput portable nanoplasmonic platform for fast and reliable detection of molecular interactions, which is necessary for drug screening and control of infections or diseases. The integration of nanocup array-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (NanoSPR) sensor with a standard 96-well plate or a simple eight-pillar device provides rapid and label-free interaction analysis and highly sensitive binding kinetics for drug screening.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Zhongxuan Gui, Wenjun Hu, Qi Kong, Can Liu, Yuechen Xu, Fan Wang
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and identify prognostic factors in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy. Severe stenosis after radiotherapy was found to be an independent factor associated with prognosis. Maximal esophageal wall thickness, short-term responses, severe stenosis at diagnosis, and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were identified as independent risk factors for the occurrence of severe stenosis. These findings suggest that severe stenosis after radiotherapy can serve as a predictive indicator in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving chemoradiotherapy.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ziyi Dong, Qing Zhang, Changhai Wang, Wenjun Hu, Xianglong Yu, Mingxue Guo, Xinyu Zhang, Meng Sun, Shouying Du, Yang Lu
Summary: This study designed and developed a thermosensitive gel co-loaded with Dermaseptin-PP and paclitaxel liposomes to enhance local chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the gel had longer retention time in tumor and significantly inhibited tumor growth, with good biosafety.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Xiaoming Yang, Youxi Lin, Taiqiu Chen, Wenjun Hu, Pengfei Li, Xuemei Qiu, Bo Yang, Anjing Liang, Wenjie Gao
Summary: The m6A reader protein YTHDF1 promotes chondrogenic differentiation through activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.
STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Haleema Ahmad, Bushra Zia, Hashir Husain, Afzal Husain
Summary: Extensive research in intracellular processes has resolved numerous mysteries in cell and molecular biology, leading to innovative technologies for treating infectious and non-infectious diseases. Viruses have caused some of the deadliest diseases, but conventional antiviral therapies have struggled to combat viral infections. The PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTAC) technology offers a promising approach for selective protein degradation, providing new possibilities for cutting-edge antiviral treatments and vaccines.
Article
Biophysics
Juxiang Liu, Xulong Hu, Yinxia Hu, Ping Chen, Hao Xu, Wenjun Hu, Yanteng Zhao, Ping Wu, Gang L. Liu
Summary: We present a low-cost, rapid, ultrasensitive, and convenient biosensing strategy for the detection of miR-21 using a nanoplasmonic array chip coupled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This platform combines NanoSPR and LSPR effects, allowing real-time monitoring of subtle OD changes caused by variations in the dielectric constant during miRNA hybridization. The method has a broad detection range (100 aM to 1 mu M), a limit of detection of 1.85 aM, and single-base resolution for discriminating highly homologous miRNAs. It also exhibits high throughput characteristics, enabling simultaneous detection of 96 samples and offering more than 86.5 times enhancement in sensitivity compared to traditional biosensors.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Wenjun Hu, Shaoguang Li, Huihong Shi, Yong Li, Jincheng Qiu, Jinlang Zhou, Dongsheng Huang, Yan Peng, Wenjie Gao, Anjing Liang
Summary: Open-door laminoplasty is a commonly used procedure for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, long-term follow-up after surgery often leads to loss of cervical lordosis (LCL), which can affect clinical outcomes. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for LCL in patients who underwent open-door laminoplasty. The results showed that LCL was associated with lower follow-up JOA scores and a decreased mean JOA recovery rate. Additionally, preoperative T1 slope, Hounsfield unit values, ranges of motion, and relative cross-sectional area of paraspinal muscles were identified as independent risk factors for LCL. These findings highlight the importance of considering these parameters before performing open-door laminoplasty.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Afreen Kamal Farooqui, Haleema Ahmad, Mohd Umar Rehmani, Afzal Husain
Summary: The polymerase chain reaction is a widely used technique in biology, and Pfu-Sso7d is a fusion DNA polymerase known for its high processivity and fidelity. This study reports a quick and cost-efficient purification protocol as well as an optimized buffer system for Pfu-Sso7d.
PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lin Chen, Qihong Jiang, Chenkai Jiang, Hongling Lu, Wenjun Hu, Shaofang Yu, Mingqian Li, Chin Ping Tan, Yongcai Feng, Xingwei Xiang, Guoxin Shen
Summary: This study found that Sciadonic acid (SC) can activate the PPAR alpha/SREBP-1C/FAS signaling pathway, reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and inhibiting weight gain. Additionally, SC can increase antioxidant enzyme levels, alleviate liver damage caused by a high-fat diet, and alter the composition of the gut microbiota, promoting beneficial bacteria while decreasing harmful bacteria.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Juxiang Liu, Ping Chen, Xulong Hu, Liping Huang, Zhi Geng, Hao Xu, Wenjun Hu, Lin Wang, Ping Wu, Gang L. Liu
Summary: The development of a nanoplasmonic enhanced isothermal amplification (NanoPEIA) method provides a fast and high-throughput detection platform for SARS-CoV-2. This method combines a nanoplasmonic sensor with isothermal amplification and can complete the entire detection process within a short time. It shows high sensitivity and specificity for detecting the N and orflab genes of SARS-CoV-2, making it suitable for POCT diagnosis in resource-poor and highly populated areas.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)