Article
Psychology, Experimental
Marcin Furtak, Liad Mudrik, Michal Bola
Summary: The experiments found that scene backgrounds are generally classified more accurately than foreground objects, but with spatial attention to the exact object's location, object recognition can be boosted to the same level as backgrounds. Both backgrounds and objects influence each other's recognition accuracy, suggesting a more parallel and interactive view of both processes than previously assumed.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Samuel Aguilar-Arguello, Ximena J. Nelson
Summary: The article reviews various hypotheses for the evolution of cognition in animals, focusing on the selective pressures exerted by sociality or ecological niches. It discusses why jumping spiders are excellent models for studying cognitive ability evolution due to their non-social nature, diverse habitats, and predatory behavior.
LEARNING & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Viola Mocz, Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam, Marvin M. Chun, Yaoda Xu
Summary: The study demonstrates a nearly orthogonal representation of object identity and nonidentity features throughout the human ventral visual processing pathway, with these nonidentity features largely untangled from the identity features early in visual processing.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ziv Siman-Tov, Maria Lev, Uri Polat
Summary: Perceptual crowding limits visual processing, but can be significantly reduced by color tagging the target in the fovea. Binocular inputs increase processing load and almost eliminate binocular summation under crowded conditions. Crowding effect interferes with other processes such as binocular summation, but tagging the target with a distinct color can mitigate this effect and restore binocular summation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jessica J. Wegman, Evan Morrison, Kenneth Tyler Wilcox, Caroline M. DeLong
Summary: This study examined the object constancy abilities and object-picture recognition of goldfish by presenting them with photographs of plastic turtles and frogs at different viewing angles. The results showed that goldfish were able to successfully distinguish between the different photographs, demonstrating both viewpoint independence and viewpoint-dependent representations. The study also found that goldfish performed better with color photographs compared to black and white photographs, suggesting that they rely on color cues. Further research is needed to understand the conditions under which goldfish succeed in object constancy tasks and perceive photographs as representations of real-world objects.
Article
Neurosciences
Jenelle Feather, Guillaume Leclerc, Aleksander Madry, Josh H. Mcdermott
Summary: The researchers tested artificial neural networks with stimuli that have activations matched to those of a natural stimulus. These "model metamers" are often unrecognizable to humans, demonstrating a discrepancy between human and model sensory systems.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Wendong Zheng, Huaping Liu, Di Guo, Fuchun Sun
Summary: Tactile object recognition is important in robotics, but most existing methods are limited to closed world scenarios. This paper proposes a novel Gaussian Prototype Learning method that converts feature distributions to probabilistic representations and utilizes uncertainty to improve tactile recognition in open-set scenarios.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Stephen Grossberg
Summary: This article presents a biological neural network model that explains how children acquire language meanings by understanding perceptual and affective events they consciously experience. The learning process involves various self-organizing brain processes, including conscious visual perception, joint attention, object learning and recognition, cognitive working memory, cognitive planning, emotion, cognitive-emotional interactions, volition, and goal-oriented actions. It contrasts these human capabilities with AI models like ChatGPT, and introduces the ChatSOME model, which offers insights into self-organizing meaning acquisition.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Stefanie Klatt, Nicholas J. Smeeton
Summary: The study found that working memory capacity plays an important role in selective visual attention, with individuals having higher capacity performing better in the task. Additionally, visual stimuli located along the same meridian were perceived more accurately compared to stimuli located along different meridians.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Experimental
Richard J. Krauzlis, Lupeng Wang, Gongchen Yu, Leor N. Katz
Summary: This article discusses the importance of defining and understanding attention, emphasizing the need to understand the biological and neural mechanisms of attention. It also provides a thought experiment as a tool for exploring how the brain processes attention.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COGNITIVE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Corentin Gaillard, Suliann Ben Hamed
Summary: Attentional processes enhance relevant information and suppress irrelevant information to overcome the processing limitations of the brain. Recent studies have shown that attention is associated with oscillatory brain activities that correlate with cognitive performance. This review presents a new model of attention sampling and discusses the rhythmic oscillatory mechanisms involved in attentional processes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
William D. D. Hopkins, Michele M. M. Mulholland, Mary Catherine Mareno, Sarah J. Neal Webb, Steven J. J. Schapiro
Summary: Declarative and imperative joint attention are crucial developmental milestones in human infants, with implications for language development. While chimpanzees as a group perform better than chance in receptive joint attention tasks, individual performance did not show significant differences. The performance in object choice tasks was not significantly heritable, and there were no significant effects of sex, rearing history, or colony, suggesting a complex interplay of factors influencing task performance. The differences in gray matter covariation between those who passed and failed the task suggest potential implications for the importance of social brain networks in both human and nonhuman primate social cognition.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Taylor R. Hayes, John M. Henderson
Summary: The visual world contains vast amount of information that we cannot fully perceive at once, so we prioritize important scene regions for detailed analysis. Research shows a strong positive relationship between object semantics and attention, with more semantically related scene regions attracting more attention. Therefore, object semantics play a critical role in guiding attention through real-world scenes.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
S. P. Arun
Summary: A fundamental question for visual systems is whether image representation can be understood in terms of its components. Decomposing an image into components is challenging due to the lack of a common dictionary and the combinatorial explosion. This article describes a novel approach to evaluate compositionality at both the behavioral and neural levels, which involves creating a large number of objects by combining a small number of predefined components. The findings show that whole object representations can be predicted from components, certain components are preferred in perception, and emergent properties can be explained using compositional models.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Idy W. Y. Chou, Hiroshi Ban, Dorita H. F. Chang
Summary: It was found that object biological relevance can affect both behavioral sensitivity and neural responses to depth. The study revealed that observers showed varied performance in depth judgments under different stimulus conditions, with the fusiform face area (FFA) likely playing a role in influencing behavioral performance based on stimulus relevance.
