Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
Volume 226, Issue D10, Pages 1396-1407Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/0954407012443764
Keywords
Cold start; emissions control; passive adsorber; hybrid electric vehicle
Funding
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [S10-055]
- US Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
- US Department of Energy
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We present results from a computational study of the potential for using low-cost sorbent materials to trap the emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides temporally during cold-start periods in hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles operating over transient driving cycles. The hydrocarbon adsorption behavior of a candidate sorbent composed of Ag-beta-zeolite was characterized in a laboratory flow reactor to estimate the kinetic parameters for a one-dimensional transient adsorber device model. This model was then implemented in the Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit to simulate a passive hydrocarbon adsorber device on a hybrid vehicle. The results indicate that such an adsorber can substantially reduce the hydrocarbon emissions by temporarily storing them until the three-way catalyst is sufficiently warm to remove them from the exhaust. A similar adsorber device model was simulated for nitrogen oxide control, using an initial set of conjectured kinetic parameters for transition metal oxides based on limited information in the literature. These latter simulations revealed the need to pursue additional experimental studies to characterize fully this class of sorbents. Such studies are especially relevant in the present context of rapidly evolving vehicle technology, because emission controls of this type do not involve any penalty in fuel consumption or require any change in engine operation.
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