Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sotiria Papagianni, Anastasia-Maria Moschovi, Ekaterini Polyzou, Iakovos Yakoumis
Summary: This study focuses on recovering platinum from waste diesel catalysts and filters to address the supply-demand gap in the European Union. By optimizing the calcination and leaching processes, the recovery efficiency was significantly improved. The optimal conditions for leaching were found to be 3 hours at 70 degrees Celsius with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 70 g/100 mL and a leaching solution of 3 M HCl-1% vol H2O2-4.5 M NaCl, resulting in recovery yields of 95% for DOC and 75% for c-DPF.
Article
Environmental Studies
Chen Zhang, Karen Ficenec, Andrew Kotz, Kenneth Kelly, Darrell Sonntag, Carl Fulper, Jessica Brakora, Tiffany Mo, Sudheer Ballare
Summary: This study analyzed the start and idle activities of heavy-duty vehicles using two datasets to improve emission estimates. The results show significant uncertainty in the average heavy-duty idle and start activity within the United States.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Michal Wojcieszyk, Yuri Kroyan, Ossi Kaario, Martti Larmi
Summary: A mathematical model based on fuel properties was developed to accurately estimate fuel consumption and tailpipe CO2 emissions from heavy-duty vehicles. The model was applied to simulate the effect of different renewable fuel blends, showing that some blends increase fuel consumption while others improve fuel economy.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jalil Nursyairah, Harrison Lik Nang Lau, Rifqi Irzuan Abdul Jalal, Soh Kheang Loh
Summary: This article investigated the cold start performance of a common rail direct injection turbocharged diesel engine using different blends of palm biodiesel fuel. The results showed that all the blends failed to start at 5℃, while B20 could withstand temperatures up to 15℃ without start-up issues. Engine workability was not significantly affected, although there was an increase in engine starting time and reduction in speed stability when using higher blends of biodiesel. Emissions of CO2 and NOx were reduced during cold start-up using B10 and B20. The study suggests including cold filter plugging point in existing diesel standards when deploying high biodiesel blends at highlands commercially.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Nirendra Nath Mustafi
Summary: Vehicular emissions play a significant role in air pollution, prompting researchers to seek new ways to control it. The advancement of methods and technologies for monitoring vehicle emissions is crucial for complying with stringent regulations and addressing environmental concerns.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hao Sun, Wugao Zhang, Yixuan Wang
Summary: This study investigates the problem of achieving fast and reliable cold starts of diesel engines at extremely low temperatures. It suggests that premixing a precise amount of diethyl ether in the intake can significantly improve the starting performance. Optimizing diesel fuel injection strategies and the use of diethyl ether improve the cold-start performance and reduce energy consumption.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fei Yu, Zhuangmin Zhong, Qun Wang, Songdi Liao, Manni Zhu, Qing'e Sha, Junwen Liu, Junyu Zheng
Summary: This study investigates the factors influencing vehicle particle number (PN) emissions and suggests measures to reduce particulate emissions. The impact of engine technology, emission standards, engine-start conditions, and engine load on PN emissions were quantified through real driving emission (RDE) and chassis dynamometer tests. The results highlight the importance of optimizing gasoline particle filters (GPF) regeneration conditions and considering vehicle specific power (VSP) as a key variable in quantifying PN emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Carrie M. Hall
Summary: A wide range of strategies for reducing energy consumption from heavy-duty vehicles have been explored in this study, including vehicle electrification and real-time energy management. It was found that altering combustion strategies can improve fuel efficiency under different hybridization levels and engine combustion modes. Connectivity in vehicles also plays a role in energy management, with real-time optimization of energy production contributing to improvements in fuel efficiency.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Augusto Della Torre, Gianluca Montenegro, Angelo Onorati, Stefano Paltrinieri, Federico Rulli, Vincenzo Rossi
Summary: This study investigates the calibration of reaction schemes based on experimental measurements, with a focus on modeling three-way catalysts. A two-step calibration procedure is proposed, using both oxygen storage capacity tests and standard homologation cycles as experimental data sets, to optimize kinetics at high and low temperatures separately, with specific emphasis on the oxygen storage mechanism in three-way catalyst operation. The effectiveness of the developed calibration procedure is demonstrated through two different test cases.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mads Carsten Jespersen, Thomas Osterby Holst Rasmussen, Anders Ivarsson
Summary: This study investigates the lean-burn characteristics of ammonia in a pre-mixed SI engine and the influence of spark energy and discharge characteristics on engine performance and emissions. The results show that by optimizing the spark ignition system, the need for an ignition improver can be mitigated. The emissions of unburned ammonia and NOx are kept at low levels, and the balance between NH3 and NOx emissions is achieved by advancing the ignition timing.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hanwei Zhu, Tianyi Ma, Zisimos Toumasatos, Sam Cao, Georgios Karavalakis, Kent C. Johnson, Thomas Durbin
Summary: This study analyzed the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) from five different goods movement vehicles. The results showed that diesel vehicles with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) had lower NOx emissions, while natural gas vehicles equipped with three-way catalysts (TWCs) had higher NH3 emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Studies
Arun S. K. Raju, Barry R. Wallerstein, Kent C. Johnson
Summary: The study evaluates the NOx and GHG emissions trends of California's South Coast region's Heavy-Duty transportation sector, finding that the rate of deployment of cleaner technology options significantly impacts emissions. It is necessary to deploy low carbon technologies aggressively to achieve 2040 emission targets, and accelerating fleet turnover is an important NOx control strategy.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Stepan Kyjovsky, Jiri Vavra, Ivan Bortel, Rastislav Toman
Summary: In the ongoing efforts to reduce CO2 and pollutant emissions, hydrogen combustion engine can provide immediately available mature technology for carbon-free transportation. The paper predicts the performance of a hydrogen combustion engine in passenger vehicles, taking into account the current powertrain trends.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sahar Ghadimi, Hanwei Zhu, Thomas D. Durbin, David R. Cocker, Georgios Karavalakis
Summary: This study assessed the secondary aerosol formation from both diesel and natural gas heavy-duty vehicles. The results showed that natural gas vehicles emitted higher levels of particulate matter and nonmethane organic gas. In contrast, diesel vehicles with advanced aftertreatment controls had almost negligible secondary organic aerosol formation. Additionally, the lubricating oil in natural gas vehicles may contribute to elevated secondary organic aerosol formation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rasoul Salehi, Robert J. Middleton
Summary: This paper explores the use of early exhaust valve opening (EVO) in diesel engines to quickly warm up the SCR system and reduce tailpipe NOx emissions. Proper management of EVO is crucial to ensure optimal results while minimizing fuel consumption.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rafal Sala, Piotr Bielaczyc, Marek Brzezanski
Article
Environmental Sciences
Monika J. Fabianska, Barbara Kozielska, Jan Konieczynski, Piotr Bielaczyc
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Barouch Giechaskiel, Athanasios Mamakos, Joseph Woodburn, Andrzej Szczotka, Piotr Bielaczyc
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elzbieta Dobrzynska, Malgorzata Szewczynska, Malgorzata Posniak, Andrzej Szczotka, Bartosz Puchalka, Joseph Woodburn
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Piotr Bielaczyc, Rafal Sala, Tomasz Meinicke
Summary: This paper describes a holistic development and testing approach for a battery electric vehicle prototype, compared to designing a new vehicle from scratch, transforming existing vehicle platforms is shown to be a viable approach. The testing covered laboratory and road performance, with the final design meeting predefined criteria and receiving favorable ratings compared to competing solutions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Piotr Bielaczyc, Wojciech Honkisz, Joseph Woodburn, Andrzej Szczotka, Fabrizio Forloni, Dominique Lesueur, Barouch Giechaskiel
Summary: The Euro 4 regulation introduced new emission limits and a new test cycle for L-category vehicles. This study compared the emissions of one Euro 4 motorcycle measured in two laboratories in 2017 and 2020, finding low variance in gaseous pollutants but higher variance in particulate matter results. Additional tests showed good reproducibility for gaseous pollutants and Solid Particle Number, but highlighted the need for attention in measuring total particles due to their sensitivity to sampling conditions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tero Lahde, Barouch Giechaskiel, Giorgio Martini, Joseph Woodburn, Piotr Bielaczyc, Daniel Schreiber, Mathias Huber, Panayotis Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, Corrado Fittavolini, Salvatore Florio, Leonardo Pellegrini, Norbert Schuster, Ulf Kirchner, Hiroyuki Yamada, Jean-Claude Momique, Richard Monier, Yitu Lai, Timo Murtonen, Joonas Vanhanen, Athanasios Mamakos, Christos Dardiotis, Yoshinori Otsuki, Juergen Spielvogel
Summary: The study compared the reproducibility of the new 10 nm methodology to the current 23 nm methodology across different laboratories, finding that the reproducibility levels of the two methods are similar.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wiktor Pacura, Katarzyna Szramowiat-Sala, Mariusz Macherzynski, Janusz Golas, Piotr Bielaczyc
Summary: This paper presents a study on solid particles and micro-contaminants in vehicle exhaust emissions, particularly from gasoline engines. Various analytical techniques were used to analyze the solid particles, including ion chromatography, gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The study highlights the importance of researching non-regulated compounds and their impact on health and the environment.
Proceedings Paper
Construction & Building Technology
P. Bielaczyc, A. Szczotka, J. Woodburn
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Construction & Building Technology
P. Bielaczyc
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Piotr Bielaczyc, Joseph Woodburn
EMISSION CONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2019)