Journal
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 349-362Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv060
Keywords
FACT; epidrug; germ cells; cancer drug target; histone turnover; Pax3; histone chaperone
Categories
Funding
- INCa
- ANR EpiSperm2 project
- foundation ARC
- SGC, a registered charity [1097737]
- AbbVie
- Bayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research
- Genome Canada
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Janssen
- Lilly Canada
- Novartis Research Foundation
- Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation
- Pfizer
- Takeda
- Wellcome Trust [092809/Z/10/Z]
- European Union [278568 'PRIMES']
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Although the conserved AAA ATPase and bromodomain factor, ATAD2, has been described as a transcriptional co-activator upregulated in many cancers, its function remains poorly understood. Here, using a combination of ChIP-seq, ChIP-proteomics, and RNA-seq experiments in embryonic stem cells where Atad2 is normally highly expressed, we found that Atad2 is an abundant nucleosome-bound protein present on active genes, associated with chromatin remodelling, DNA replication, and DNA repair factors. A structural analysis of its bromodomain and subsequent investigations demonstrate that histone acetylation guides ATAD2 to chromatin, resulting in an overall increase of chromatin accessibility and histone dynamics, which is required for the proper activity of the highly expressed gene fraction of the genome. While in exponentially growing cells Atad2 appears dispensable for cell growth, in differentiating ES cells Atad2 becomes critical in sustaining specific gene expression programmes, controlling proliferation and differentiation. Altogether, this work defines Atad2 as a facilitator of general chromatin-templated activities such as transcription.
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