Article
Immunology
Emily M. M. Eichenberger, Jesse Troy, Felicia Ruffin, Michael Dagher, Joshua T. T. Thaden, Mandy L. L. Ford, Vance G. G. Fowler Jr
Summary: This study compared the outcomes of Gram-negative bacteremia in solid organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent non-transplant patients, finding no significant differences in the incidence of septic shock, respiratory failure, and mortality. Among transplant recipients, the use of multiple immunosuppressive medications may be associated with improved outcomes during Gram-negative bacteremia.
TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Haein Kim, Hyeonji Seo, Hyemin Chung, Sunghee Park, Heungsup Sung, Mi-Na Kim, Seongman Bae, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Yong Pil Chong
Summary: The value of follow-up blood culture (FUBC) in the management of Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) is controversial. This study evaluated bedside risk predictors and found that hemodialysis, fever on the day of FUBCs, intravascular device, no use of in vitro active antibiotic within 24 h, non-fermenting bacteria, and multidrug resistance were independent risk factors for positive FUBCs in GNB. The yield of FUBCs increased as the number of bedside risk predictors increased, and positive FUBCs were significantly associated with 30-day mortality.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Viveka Nordberg, Aina Iversen, Annika Tidell, Karolina Ininbergs, Christian G. Giske, Lars Naver
Summary: This study in Stockholm, Sweden, found lower incidence of GNB sepsis in neonates compared to previous reports and low occurrence of antibiotic resistance. The in-hospital mortality and 5-day case fatality rate were higher in GNB late-onset sepsis compared to uninfected controls but not in comparison to suspected sepsis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Caleb C. McLeod, Karen K. Tan, Razieh Kebriaei, Jacinda C. Abdul-Mutakabbir
Summary: Cefiderocol has the potential to treat infections caused by increasingly resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative organisms. Non-fermenting Gram-negative organisms pose a unique threat to public health due to their inherent resistance mechanisms. Cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin, utilizes active iron transport to target these organisms and has modifications that make it stable in the presence of beta-lactamases.
CURRENT INFECTIOUS DISEASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malgorzata Brauncajs, Filip Bielec, Anna Macieja, Dorota Pastuszak-Lewandoska
Summary: Gram-negative fermenting and non-fermenting bacteria, especially those that produce carbapenemases, are important etiological factors of nosocomial and community infections. New antibiotics and treatment regimens offer hope against these infections.
Review
Microbiology
Slavil Peykov, Tanya Strateva
Summary: Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, are major opportunistic pathogens involved in the global antibiotic resistance epidemic. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant NFGNBs in the Balkans, particularly carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa isolates, is a cause for concern. Additionally, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as a healthcare-associated pathogen, causing severe infections in different patient populations. The current situation in the Balkans, including the migrant crisis and border reshaping, poses challenges for antimicrobial stewardship and infection control.
Article
Microbiology
Olga Tsachouridou, Dimitrios Pilalas, Sideris Nanoudis, Athanasios Antoniou, Isidora Bakaimi, Theofilos Chrysanthidis, Konstantinos Markakis, Angeliki Kassomenaki, Paraskevi Mantzana, Efthymia Protonotariou, Lemonia Skoura, Symeon Metallidis
Summary: In endemic regions, mortality rates for multidrug-resistant bloodstream infections remain high, and high procalcitonin is the only predictor for death, while the use of rapid diagnostic tests did not improve mortality rates.
Article
Immunology
Supavit Chesdachai, Larry M. Baddour, M. Rizwan Sohail, Bharath Raj Palraj, Malini Madhavan, Hussam Tabaja, Madiha Fida, Brian D. Lahr, Daniel C. DeSimone
Summary: The rate of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection following Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) is relatively low. Accurate classification of CIED infection remains challenging in patients presenting with GNB.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Emily M. Eichenberger, Sarah Satola, David Neujahr, Vance G. Fowler Jr, Divya Gupta, Mandy Ford, Stephanie M. Pouch
Summary: This study investigates the risk factors and outcomes of candidemia in thoracic solid organ transplant recipients. It finds a low incidence of candidemia among heart and lung transplant recipients, but a higher mortality and morbidity rate in those who develop candidemia.
CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ayan Ali Ragueh, Mohamed Houmed Aboubaker, Sitani Idriss Mohamed, Jean-Marc Rolain, Seydina M. Diene
Summary: This study investigated the resistance rate to carbapenems among multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) in Djibouti and characterized their resistance mechanisms. The results showed that out of 256 isolates, 20 were resistant to carbapenems. Carbapenemase genes such as bla(OXA-48) and bla(NDM-5) were identified in the isolates.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tugba Yanik Yalcin, Ozlem Azap, Adem Kose, Yasar Bayindir, Elif Mukime Saricaoglu, Gule Cinar, Yesim Uygun Kizmaz, Ebru KurSun, Hikmet Eda Aliskan, Yasemin Tezer Tekce, Oya Ozlem Eren Kutsoylu, Tufan EgelI, Alpay Ari, Yurdagul Albayrak, Hatice Cabadak, Secil Deniz, Kubra Demir Onder, Filiz KizilateS, Selcuk Ozger, Ozlem Guzel Tunccan, Mehmet Haberal
Summary: This study evaluated bacteremia due to XDR gram-negative pathogens among SOT recipients, finding that catheter-associated bacteremia and early-onset bacteremia are independent risk factors for mortality.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Andrew Bock, Blake M. Hanson, Felicia Ruffin, Joshua B. Parsons, Lawrence P. Park, Batu Sharma-Kuinkel, Michael Mohnasky, Cesar A. Arias, Vance G. Fowler, Joshua T. Thaden
Summary: Recurrent gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (GNB-BSI) are mainly caused by relapse, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis accurately differentiates relapse from reinfection. Having a cardiac device is a risk factor for relapse.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mariana Albano, Wim Alexander Fleischmann, Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance, Robin Patel
Summary: Arbekacin showed inhibitory activity against drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, with similar MIC50 values to amikacin and gentamicin, lower than tobramycin, and higher than plazomicin.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sho Ogura, Muneyoshi Kimura, Shinsuke Takagi, Takashi Mitsuki, Mitsuhiro Yuasa, Kosei Kageyama, Daisuke Kaji, Aya Nishida, Yuki Taya, Kazuya Ishiwata, Hisashi Yamamoto, Yuki Asano-Mori, Go Yamamoto, Naoyuki Uchida, Atsushi Wake, Shuichi Taniguchi, Hideki Araoka
Summary: This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of gram-negative bacteremia among allo-HSCT recipients on LVFX prophylaxis, specifically focusing on ESBL-producing pathogens. The results showed that GNB was not a significant cause of death, and empiric CFPM administration in cases of LVFX breakthrough ESBL-EC bacteremia did not lead to significantly poor prognosis, suggesting it may be an acceptable strategy.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Clara Bisaio Quillici, Daiane Silva Resende, Iara Rossi Goncalves, Sabrina Royer, Sebastiana Silva Sabino, Vitelhe Ferreira de Almeida, Rosineide Marques Ribas, Paulo Pinto Gontijo Filho
Summary: Bloodstream infections, particularly caused by multidrug-resistant Gramnegative bacilli, have serious consequences for patients, but inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy is not an independent predictor of mortality. Severity of illness (septic shock and immunosuppression) and mechanical ventilation are identified as predictors of mortality. Multidrug resistance is strongly associated with the prescription of inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy, but not with mortality.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)