Article
Engineering, Geological
Wenxin Li, Huabin Shi, Xiping Yu
Summary: In this paper, the effects of interstitial fluid on frictional behaviors of particle contacts were studied using an Euler-Lagrange model. The formulation of the friction coefficient for immersed particle contacts, taking into account the effects of interstitial fluid viscosity and pressure, was proposed based on laboratory experiments. The model was verified and validated through experiments and simulations, showing the importance of considering the effects of interstitial fluid and the enhancement effect of porosity in granular materials.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Liqiang Lu, Cheng Li, Steven Rowan, Bryan Hughes, Xi Gao, Mehrdad Shahnam, William A. Rogers
Summary: This research utilized a video-based continuous measurement method to investigate the elutriation rate of biochar in a fluidized bed, simulated using computational fluid dynamics-coarse-grained discrete element method (CFD-CGDEM) in MFiX. The study found that the fluidization behavior of nonspherical sands can be accurately captured with the use of a rolling friction model, and the predicted elutriation rate closely matched experimental results when considering particle size distributions and using a shape-corrected filtered drag. These findings validate the accuracy of the MFiX-based CFD framework for predicting biochar elutriations in fluidized bed biomass fast pyrolysis reactors.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kento Yokoo, Masahiro Kishida, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto
Summary: This study conducted a CFD-IBM-DEM simulation to investigate the filtration mechanisms of fluidized bed filters for further development. The results showed that the particle size and superficial velocity significantly influenced the collection efficiency of PM filtration.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Morteza Davarpanah, Hongbo Shi, Petr Nikrityuk, Zaher Hashisho
Summary: This study aimed to verify various empirical formulas against CFD simulations for predicting hydrodynamic parameters in a fluidized bed. The results showed agreement between the minimum fluidization velocity obtained and the pressure drop in a fixed bed.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Seongjin Song, Sunho Park
Summary: In this paper, numerical studies were conducted to simulate scour around a subsea pipeline using a coupled solver combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM). The numerical model parameters were selected and validated, and the chosen solver accurately predicted the scour process around the pipeline.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sofiane Benyahia
Summary: This study compares the results of two commonly used computational fluid dynamics methods for simulating fluidized beds with smooth type-A monodisperse particles. The results show that in some cases, the discrete particle method can yield faster and more accurate results compared to the continuum assumption method. However, for more complex cases involving particles with statical properties, the discrete particle method is a better choice for fluidized bed simulations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ritesh Raman, Palash Kumar Mollick, Partha S. Goswami
Summary: A coupled CFD-DEM technique was used to study the dynamic behavior of particles in a rectangular spouted bed, investigating the effects of gas-phase turbulence, particle dynamics, and various parameters on the minimum spouting velocity. The results provide insights for a better understanding of spouted bed processing with a focus on translational and rotational dynamics of particles.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhiyong Gao, Guodong Liu, Xinyao Guo, Huilin Lu
Summary: This study simulates a liquid-solid fluidization system by introducing a dynamic coefficient of restitution model and finds that the model accurately predicts the flow behavior and rebound of particles, showing good agreement with experimental results.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuai Wang, Yansong Shen
Summary: In this study, the fluidization behavior of chip-like particles in a three-dimensional bubbling fluidized bed was investigated using computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFDDEM) integrated with a super-quadric model. The study described the typical fluidization behaviors of chip-like particles and discussed the effects of gas velocity and aspect ratio on particle mixing and dispersion. The results contribute to the design and optimization of fluidized beds involving chip-like particles, such as solar panel waste recycling.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Shungo Natsui, Azuma Hirai, Koki Terui, Yusuke Kashihara, Akinori Murao, Yuji Miki, Hiroshi Nogami
Summary: This study investigates the impact of coke pulverization on the packing structure and gas flow distribution in ironmaking blast furnaces. The research found that coke pulverization disrupts gas flow paths and significantly affects the efficiency of combustion reactions in industrial blast furnaces. The developed simulation method provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of coke degradation on gas flow distribution and can aid in analyzing and controlling the instability of blast furnaces.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shiliang Yang, Site Hu, Wentao Zhang
Summary: The study investigates the mixing and dispersion behaviors of non-spherical particles in a bubbling fluidized bed, with a focus on the impact of aspect ratio on fluidization behaviors. The results indicate that minimum fluidization velocity increases with aspect ratio, bubbles play a significant role in determining flow patterns, and particle shape affects solid mixing and dispersion within the bed.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lian Wang, Xihua Chu
Summary: This study investigates the influence of microrotation on fluidized particles in gas-solid fluidized beds and proposes a two-fluid model, namely CMTFM, which combines the classical fluid and micropolar fluid. By comparing the experimental results with and without considering the microrotation effect in the calculation of the gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed, it is found that the pressure drop and expansion height of the fluidized bed are closer to the experiments when the microrotation effect is considered, demonstrating the feasibility and advantage of the classical-micropolar two-fluid model.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sebastian Alexander Perez Cortes, Yerko Rafael Aguilera Carvajal, Juan Pablo Vargas Norambuena, Javier Antonio Norambuena Vasquez, Juan Andres Jarufe Troncoso, Juan Pablo Hurtado Cruz, Angelica Patricia Munoz Lagos, Pamela Paz Jara Munoz
Summary: By studying the internal phenomena of a concentrate dryer and utilizing computational fluid dynamics and the differentiated elements method, detailed information about the complex phenomena in the simulated obtention of copper metal was obtained, thus significantly improving the modeling and design of the melting process. The study, part of the critical process line at Caletones Smelter in Chile, is highly relevant due to its production of approximately 450,000 tons of fine copper per annum, representing 2% of total annual global copper demand.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Alberto Di Renzo, Erasmo S. Napolitano, Francesco P. Di Maio
Summary: In the past decade, the application of CFD-DEM for fluidized beds has expanded from small, lab-scale units to larger scale systems, benefiting greatly from coarse graining methods. By introducing coarse graining procedures based on different physical backgrounds, the number of particles that can be simulated has increased, covering pilot-scale and industrially relevant systems. The review discusses scaling for contact forces, hydrodynamic forces, and cohesive forces, quantifying computational savings in terms of coarse graining degree and presenting recent applications and future directions in the field.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenjian Cai, Xietian Xia, Xiang Li, Xing Chen, Zenghui Xu, Guodong Liu
Summary: Simulations of fluidized beds in ambient, subcritical, and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) fluidization states were conducted using CFD-DEM combined with TFM and LDR-KTGF. Quantitative and qualitative analysis revealed good agreement between TFM and CFD-DEM simulation results. Different fluidization criteria were observed in the subcritical, ambient, and supercritical states, with transitional flow, bubble-like flow, and particle aggregative-like flow, respectively. Small discrepancies were found in volume fractions and velocities obtained using TFM and CFD-DEM approaches, while turbulent kinetic parameters and bubble-like kinetic energy showed sensitivity to the turbulence model. Statistical analysis showed anisotropic particle flow based on turbulent normal Reynolds stresses.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wisam Abed Kattea Al-Maliki, Auday Shaker Hadi, Hussein M. H. Al-Khafaji, Falah Alobaid, Bernd Epple
Summary: This study provides a detailed description of the behavior of advanced controllers used in a 50 MWel parabolic trough power plant and creates reference models to help developers and engineers better understand the control loops in these power plants.
Review
Thermodynamics
Falah Alobaid, Naser Almohammed, Massoud Massoudi Farid, Jan May, Philip Rossger, Andreas Richter, Bernd Epple
Summary: This review provides significant knowledge on the development and application of CFD mathematical models in gas-solid fluidized beds. The review is divided into three parts: mathematical modeling, state-of-the-art studies, and conclusion and prospects. It covers various numerical models, their assumptions, and their application in chemical and energy process engineering. The review also analyzes the pros and cons of applying CFD models to fluidized-bed systems and highlights current research trends and future opportunities.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hadi Adloo, Saeed Foshat, Behzad Vaferi, Falah Alobaid, Babak Aghel
Summary: This study investigates the critical factors causing non-Darcian flow in porous media and explores the distinct roles of pores and throats in total dissipation using numerical simulation. The Forchheimer model is used to analyze the non-Darcian flow. The results show that pores are more likely to deviate from the Darcy model than throats, and increasing the pore-to-throat ratio leads to earlier onset of non-Darcian flow in the pores.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Khansaa Dawood Salman, Wisam Abed Kattea Al-Maliki, Falah Alobaid, Bernd Epple
Summary: This study aims to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of an Al matrix incorporated with various amounts of Fe2O3 and a constant amount of Ag. The results show that Fe2O3 and Ag nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the Al matrix, and the addition of 12 wt.% Fe2O3 + 1Ag significantly enhances the micro-hardness and compressive strength, while reducing the wear rate to a minimum.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hadia Kadhim Judran, Adnan G. Tuaamah Al-Hasnawi, Faten N. Al Zubaidi, Wisam Abed Kattea Al-Maliki, Falah Alobaid, Bernd Epple
Summary: This study aims to investigate the impact of nanopowder volume concentration and ultrasonication treatment time on the stability and thermophysical properties of MgO-DW nanofluid at room temperature. The results show that nanofluid exhibits good stability and enhanced thermal conductivity at an appropriate concentration and treatment time. These findings suggest that MgO-DW nanofluid has the potential to be used as an advanced heat transfer fluid in cooling systems and heat exchangers.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
K. Boulbrachene, M. Breuer
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of vertical wind gusts on airfoils for Micro-Air Vehicles in a relevant parameter range through numerical simulations. A simplified substitute model is used, considering a rigid but elastically mounted airfoil with two degrees of freedom. The problem is solved using a partitioned fluid-structure interaction coupling scheme based on large-eddy simulation (LES) and a rigid-body solver. The results show that the airfoil-gust interaction leads to sustained heave and pitch oscillations of bounded amplitudes (LCO) in most cases, while the strongest gust cases induce pitch-induced diverging flutter. The energy analysis further reveals differences between these two scenarios.
JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohsen Samimi, Mozhgan Zakeri, Falah Alobaid, Babak Aghel
Summary: This review focuses on the kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the uptake of arsenic ions from aqueous solutions. It provides an overview of the current capabilities and properties of MOFs used for arsenic removal, emphasizing the adsorption kinetics and isotherms, as well as the thermodynamic behavior in water and wastewater.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Babak Aghel, Salah I. I. Yahya, Abbas Rezaei, Falah Alobaid
Summary: This study used the Elman recurrent neural network (ENN) to predict the higher heating value (HHV) of different biomass samples based on ultimate and proximate compositional analyses. After optimization, the ENN model showed the highest prediction and generalization accuracy, and provided a clear understanding of the dependency of HHV on various components of biomass feedstocks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ayad K. Khlief, Wisam Abed Kattea Al-Maliki, Hasanain Abdul A. Wahhab, Falah Alobaid, Bernd Epple, Akeel A. Abtan
Summary: Sunray thermal energy is a promising technique globally. In parabolic trough air collectors (PTAC), receiver design and safety are crucial for power plant effectiveness. Experimental studies were conducted comparing different receivers in a PTAC system, showing slightly better performance for case 1. However, case 2 showed remarkable convergence with case 1 in terms of temperature increase. These results validate the potential and specific conclusions of these methods' application in improving heat exchange in a PTAC.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fardad Faress, Afham Pourahmad, Seyyed Amirreza Abdollahi, Mohammad Hossein Safari, Mozhgan Mozhdeh, Falah Alobaid, Babak Aghel
Summary: This study proposes a simple correlation for approximating hydrogen solubility in biomaterials with pressure and temperature. The correlation consists of a linear relation between the pre-exponential term and the pressure, and a temperature-dependent exponential term. The correlation is optimized using the differential evolution (DE) algorithm and shows higher accuracy than other models.
Article
Mechanics
T. C. L. Fava, B. A. Lobo, P. A. S. Nogueira, A. P. Schaffarczyk, M. Breuer, D. S. Henningson, A. Hanifi
Summary: This study investigates the interaction of several instabilities and the influence of free-stream turbulence on laminar-turbulent transition on a wind turbine blade section. It finds that the turbulence intensity is closely related to the occurrence of transition and the development of instabilities.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Brandon Arthur Lobo, Ozge Sinem Ozcakmak, Helge Aagaard Madsen, Alois Peter Schaffarczyk, Michael Breuer, Niels N. Sorensen
Summary: Significant findings on laminar-turbulent boundary layer transition of wind turbine blades are obtained from field experiments such as the DAN-AERO and aerodynamic glove projects. The effects of inflow turbulence and transition mechanisms are discussed and compared to CFD simulations. The experiments show that the transition scenario can change within a single revolution, with bypass transition occurring under enhanced upstream turbulence and natural transition occurring under low inflow turbulence conditions. The choice of amplification factor is important for accurately detecting transition, and good agreement is found between URANS simulations and experiments for both natural and bypass transition cases.
WIND ENERGY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
A. Khalifa, M. Breuer
Summary: This study evaluates a recently developed data-driven model for collision-induced agglomerate breakup in high mass loading flows. The model uses artificial neural networks to predict the post-collision behavior of agglomerates, reducing computational costs compared to coupled CFD-DEM simulations.
COMPUTERS & FLUIDS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
G. De Nayer, M. Breuer
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of discrete wind gusts on a flexible lightweight structure and proposes an optimization framework to determine the worst-case scenario automatically. By using a stochastic response surface algorithm, the worst case can be found quickly. The optimization run takes one week with parallel evaluations, significantly reducing the computational time.
JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reza Iranmanesh, Afham Pourahmad, Fardad Faress, Sevil Tutunchian, Mohammad Amin Ariana, Hamed Sadeqi, Saleh Hosseini, Falah Alobaid, Babak Aghel
Summary: This study correlated biomass heat capacity with chemistry, crystallinity index, and temperature, developing a new three-parameter correlation model which provided better predictions compared to existing models.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ri Zhang, Shasha Zhang, Mengyan Ding
Summary: A thin liquid film method is proposed to evaluate sand erosion in annular flow. This method considers the direct interaction between the liquid film and gas core, as well as the entrainment and deposition of droplets. The erosion rate is calculated by considering the effects of liquid entrainment and particle velocity decay. The method is fully verified by comparing with experimental data.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu Suo, Xianheng Su, Wenyuan He, Xiaofei Fu, Zhejun Pan
Summary: This research investigates the mechanical properties of sandstone-shale composite through orthogonal experimental method and discrete element simulation. The results show that different lithologies and thickness ratios can affect the strength and fracture mode of the composite rock samples.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maurizio Troiano, Andrea El Hassanin, Roberto Solimene, Alessia Teresa Silvestri, Fabrizio Scala, Antonino Squillace, Piero Salatino
Summary: This study investigates the potential of Fluidized Bed Finishing (FBF) for square flat AlSi10Mg specimens manufactured via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing technology. The results show that good finishing can be achieved using rotation-assisted tests, with a maximum reduction of surface roughness by 67%. Steel particles are found to be the most effective bed material.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Ningbo Song, Wanzhong Yin, Jin Yao
Summary: Seawater's dissolved salts and minerals have various effects on the flotation process, including influencing the characteristics and behavior of flotation factors, as well as affecting the surface of sulfide minerals. In most cases, seawater has adverse effects on the flotation of sulfide minerals, but these effects can be mitigated by adjusting the reagents.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kaiqiao Wu, Shuxian Jiang, Victor Francia, Marc-Olivier Coppens
Summary: In rectangular and cylindrical annular fluidized beds, pulsating gas flow can create regular bubble patterns, overcoming challenges seen in conventional units. This study provides new opportunities for modularization of fluidized bed operations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuo Li, Huili Zhang, Jan Baeyens, Miao Yang, Zehao Li, Yimin Deng
Summary: The paper assesses the behavior of cohesive Geldart C-type particles when fluidized by air with the aid of vibration. It determines that mechanical vibration is a simple and effective method to improve the fluidity of cohesive particles during fluidization.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhenfei Feng, Qingyuan Zhang, Shanpan Liang, Zhenzhou Li, Fangwen Guo, Jinxin Zhang, Ding Yuan
Summary: A new micro/mini-channel heat sink (MCHS) with a combined structure of longitudinal and transverse vortex generators is designed, using Al2O3 nanofluid as the working medium. The study explores the effects of transverse vortex generator shape and longitudinal vortex generator angle on the hydraulic and thermal characteristics, comprehensive performance, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency. The results show that the triangular transverse vortex generator improves the comprehensive performance and exergy efficiency. Combined with the longitudinal vortex generator, the MCHS achieves the best comprehensive performance, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency when the Reynolds number is 742.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kostas Giannis, Christoph Thon, Guoqing Yang, Arno Kwade, Carsten Schilde
Summary: This study presents a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) methodology for generating realistic 3D models of particles. The method trains on 2D projections of particle images to predict their 3D shapes, and evaluates the accuracy of the predictions using Fourier shape descriptors (FSDs). This methodology has wide applications in particle shape analysis.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zheng-qing Zhou, Lu-jia Chai, Yu-long Zhang, Ya-bin Wang, Ze-chen Du, Tian-yi Wang, Yu-zhe Liu
Summary: The dynamic oxidation and shell-breaking processes of aluminum nanoparticles (ANPs) during heating were studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the changes in shell thickness can be divided into three stages, and the active aluminum content of ANP decreased before shell-breaking.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fulei Chen, Huaqing Ma, Zihan Liu, Lianyong Zhou, Yongzhi Zhao
Summary: A particle breakage model based on the particle replacement scheme, using the polyhedral model to describe particles, is proposed in this work to accurately describe the breakage of a large number of particles. Additionally, a fast-cutting algorithm is proposed to reproduce the size distribution of progeny particles determined by the breakage model. The validation and simulation results show satisfactory accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the algorithm.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Matteo Errigo, Christopher Windows-Yule, Massimiliano Materazzi, Dominik Werner, Paola Lettieri
Summary: Gas-solid fluidized-bed systems have advantages in terms of chemical reaction efficiency and temperature control, making them widely used in industrial applications. However, the design, scale-up, and optimization of these complex units are limited by the lack of deep physical understanding. Non-invasive and non-intrusive diagnostic techniques provide a way for researchers to study these systems without affecting the flow field or directly contacting the medium under study.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Saeed Fateh, Mohammad Behshad Shafii, Mohammad Najafi, Cyrus Aghanajafi
Summary: Applying a magnetic field to ferrofluids alters their flow characteristics and enhances heat transfer. Through visualization and quantitative investigation, it is found that the magnetic field influences the flow patterns and velocity profiles, improving fluid mixing and vorticity magnitude.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Gao, Bingbing Wei, Xiaochuan Hu, Zaifeng Yao, Yiwen Fang, Xuejian Gao
Summary: In this study, a numerical model of sand triaxial test was established using discrete element software PFC3D, and an indoor triaxial test was conducted to calibrate the numerical model. The influence of microscopic parameters on the macroscopic mechanical response of sand was analyzed. The results showed that the friction coefficient had the greatest impact on the peak strength and residual strength of the sand's stress-strain curve, and it was positively correlated. The normal tangential stiffness ratio was negatively correlated, while the porosity and boundary flexibility stiffness had minimal influence on it.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xuan Liu, Jie Gong, Kai Jiang, Xiaojuan Lai, Yu Tian, Kang Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to improve the performance of lignite coal water slurries (CWSs) by synthesizing a series of three-arm amphiphilic block copolymers. By controlling the relative molecular weight, hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, and ionic group content, the apparent viscosity of CWSs was significantly reduced and the static stability was improved. Thermogravimetric testing and XPS analysis were conducted to reveal the mechanism behind the improved performance.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lanka Dinushke Weerasiri, Daniel Fabijanic, Subrat Das
Summary: Fluidization at low pressure offers significant benefits for the fine chemical industry. This study investigates the behavior of bubbles and bed expansion under low pressure conditions. It is found that lower pressure leads to larger bubbles, increased bubble quantity, and higher aspect ratio. The predictability is affected by the inhomogeneous fluidization, but low pressure fluidization can generate similar bubble sizes with lower fluidizing mass compared to atmospheric pressure.