Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Javier F. Reynes, Valerio Isoni, Felipe Garcia
Summary: Mechanochemistry provides an environmentally friendly platform for developing sustainable chemical processes. Researchers have shown numerous examples of beneficial mechanochemical applications at both laboratory and preparative scales. However, scaling up mechanochemical processes is still a nascent discipline and needs further exploration.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jagadeesh Varma Nallaparaju, Tatsiana Nikonovich, Tatsiana Jarg, Danylo Merzhyievskyi, Riina Aav, Dzmitry G. Kananovich
Summary: In this study, a mechanochemical approach was used to synthesize organomagnesium halides, which overcame the low yields of the traditional method and allowed for the reaction of different organic halides with various electrophiles. This method is solvent-free, operationally simple, immune to air, and surprisingly tolerant to water and some weak Bronsted acids. Mechanistic studies revealed that mechanochemistry improves mass transfer and activates the surface of magnesium metal to facilitate the formation of transient organometallic intermediates.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Victoria S. Pfennig, Romina C. Villella, Julia Nikodemus, Carsten Bolm
Summary: A one-pot, three-step protocol for the preparation of Grignard reagents from organobromides in a ball mill has been reported, followed by their reactions with CO2 or sodium methyl carbonate to provide aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids with yields up to 82%. The method stands out for its short reaction times and significantly reduced solvent amounts, with methoxy-substituted aryl bromides unexpectedly leading to major products being symmetric ketones.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ian Priestley, Claudio Battilocchio, Andrei V. Iosub, Fabien Barreteau, Gavin W. Bluck, Kenneth B. Ling, Katharine Ingram, Maria Ciaccia, Jamie A. Leitch, Duncan L. Browne
Summary: Chemical reactions in a ball mill and without a bulk reaction solvent have different safety profiles compared to stirred solution reactions. We present and describe steps for researchers to consider the hazards and measures to minimize risks to themselves and their colleagues.
ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Honggui Lv, Xinyue Xu, Jing Li, Xiaobo Huang, Guoyong Fang, Lifei Zheng
Summary: The paper presents the divergent syntheses of alpha-arylacylamides and oxindoles via mechanoredox chemistry. A Cu-II precatalyst and piezoelectric materials are used in the system, with highly polarized BaTiO3 or PbTiO3 acting as electron donors for the recycling of Cu-II and Cu-I. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations support the proposed mechanistic rationale for the cascade reactions.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Koji Kubota, Tsubura Endo, Minami Uesugi, Yuta Hayashi, Hajime Ito
Summary: The study presents a palladium-catalyzed solid-state C-N cross-coupling of carbazoles with aryl halides via a high-temperature ball-milling technique, allowing for the efficient synthesis of N-arylcarbazole derivatives without the use of large amounts of organic solvents. Importantly, this method enables the coupling of poorly soluble aryl halides with large polyaromatic structures that are barely reactive under conventional solution-based conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaohong Wang, Xuemei Zhang, Li Xue, Qingqing Wang, Fengzhi You, Lunzhi Dai, Jiagang Wu, Soren Kramer, Zhong Lian
Summary: In this study, a general method for the synthesis of aryl fluorides from aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates using a piezoelectric material as redox catalyst under ball milling conditions in the presence of Selectfluor was described. This approach effectively addresses the limitations of the Balz-Schiemann reaction while the piezoelectric material can be recycled multiple times.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ivana Brekalo, Valentina Martinez, Bahar Karadeniz, Patrik Oreskovic, Donata Drapanauskaite, Hein Vriesema, Robert Stenekes, Martin Etter, Igor Dejanovic, Jonas Baltrusaitis, Krunoslav Uzarevic
Summary: A crystalline calcium urea sulfate cocrystal was synthesized efficiently using thermally controlled mechanochemical methods. The cocrystal showed improved energy efficiency and lower solubility, indicating its potential as a nitrogen-efficient fertilizer on a large scale.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tilo Rensch, Viviene Chantrain, Miriam Sander, Sven Graetz, Lars Borchardt
Summary: In this study, the mechanochemical synthesis of nitrogen-rich nanoporous carbon materials was scaled up using an extruder. Through the process of extrusion with heat and pressure, nanoporous carbons with high specific surface area were successfully synthesized. The application of different nitrogen sources and low-cost renewable feedstock expanded the range of synthesis, resulting in carbon materials with high C/N ratio. The surface and chemical structures of the obtained carbon materials were analyzed, and their performance as supercapacitor electrodes was comparable to materials synthesized by ball milling.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sebastian Salazar Sandoval, Nataly Silva
Summary: This review uncovers mechanical milling as an alternative method for producing copper-based particles (CuP) and copper composites (CuC) on a lab-scale via a top-down or bottom-up approach. The review highlights the various parameters that influence the size distribution, type, and morphology of the resulting CuP or CuC, such as the mechanical mill type, ball-to-powder ratios (BPR), milling speed, milling time, and milling environment. It also analyzes different papers based on the Cu-based particle generation route, including pretreatment, mechanical milling, approach (top-down or bottom-up), and post-treatment. The review further discusses characterization methods for the obtained CuP and CuC from mechanical milling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Petar Strbac, Davor Margetic
Summary: The solution phase 1,2-debromination of polycyclic imides has been successfully converted to solid state mechanochemical conditions using the Zn/Ag couple. The Zn/Ag couple has been replaced by the Zn/Cu couple prepared through in situ ball milling of zinc and copper dusts. The advantage of the ball milling process lies in its simplified operation and the ability to obtain the desired products. It has been demonstrated that mechanochemical milling can serve as complementary conditions to solution phase reactions.
BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhuomin Xu, Shanshan Zheng, Xin Gao, Yulu Hong, Yue Cai, Qiuqin Zhang, Jiani Xiang, Dehui Xie, Fuxing Song, Huawei Zhang, Hong Wang, Xuanrong Sun
Summary: Nanoparticles of Na(2)GA/CA-BM (131.6 nm, -11.7 mV) prepared by simple and low-cost mechanochemical technology can improve the oral bioavailability and antitumor efficacy of CA in vivo, suggesting a potential formulation for efficient anticancer treatment.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Evangelos Daskalakis, Andrew Scott, Animesh Jha
Summary: The effect of vibration ball milling on the particle size reduction and reactivity enhancement of Al-TiO2-B2O3 powder mixture is investigated in this study. The results show that vibration ball milling can produce Al microparticles with a size below 64 μm, coated with nano-particles of TiO2 and B2O3. The longer the milling time, the lower the reaction temperature and the better the density and skeletal performance of the synthesized Al2O3-TiB2 matrix.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gianmarco Pisano, Catherine S. J. Cazin
Summary: A user-friendly and highly efficient mechanochemical strategy for the synthesis of well-defined, catalytically relevant N-heterocyclic carbene-metal complexes is reported. The protocol yields good to excellent results and minimizes solvent usage by only using environmentally benign solvents in the purification step.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sodeeq Aderotimi Salami, Vincent J. J. Smith, Rui W. M. Krause
Summary: A protocol based on the Passerini Multi-Component reaction (MCR) was developed for the synthesis of biologically important oxindole derivatives. The reaction was carried out using isatin, benzoic acid, and substituted isocyanides under mechanochemical conditions, providing excellent yields within 10-15 minutes. This protocol allows for the modular synthesis of diverse compounds with great atom economy, shorter reaction time, cleaner reactions, and improved yields.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. G. de la Obra, M. J. Sayagues, E. Chicardi, F. J. Gotor
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2020)
Biographical-Item
Thermodynamics
Luis A. Perez-Maqueda, Concepcion Real, Francisco J. Gotor, Maria D. Alcala, Jiri Malek, Nobuyoshi Koga
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Luis M. Gonzalez, Ernesto Chicardi, Francisco J. Gotor, Raul Bermejo, Luis Llanes, Yadir Torres
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peter Balaz, Marcela Achimovicova, Matej Balaz, Kan Chen, Oleksandr Dobrozhan, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Jiri Hejtmanek, Karel Knizek, Lenka Kubickova, Petr Levinsky, Viktor Puchy, Michael John Reece, Peter Varga, Ruizhi Zhang
Summary: This work demonstrates the scalability of synthesis of Cu-based sulfides using industrial milling and compares the efficiency with laboratory-scale methods. The spark plasma sintering method is utilized to prepare samples for thermoelectric characterization, showing similar ZT values as compared to laboratory methods. The environmentally friendly mechanochemical synthesis offers a sustainable approach in solid-state chemistry for large-scale deployment of energy-related materials.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jesus E. Gonzalez, Gabriela de Armas, Jeidy Negrin, Ana M. Beltran, Paloma Trueba, Francisco J. Gotor, Eduardo Peon, Yadir Torres
Summary: Ti6Al4V samples obtained by selective laser melting were treated with acid etching, chemical oxidation, and thermochemical processing to observe the effects on surface features. Acid etching temperature had a greater influence on surface characteristics than time. The surfaces displayed nanostructures after the full treatment process, enhancing bioactivity and biomechanics fixation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Francisco J. Garcia-Garcia, Maria J. Sayagues, Francisco J. Gotor
Summary: This study proposed a mechanochemical route for synthesizing the PrBaMn2O5+delta (PMBO) double layered perovskite phase, achieving the desired phase through high-energy milling combined with high-temperature annealing in air. The obtained phase showed high electrical conductivity in a reducing atmosphere, making it an excellent candidate for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes. The microstructural characterization confirmed the formation of the intended PrBaMn2O5+delta phase.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. A. Avil, F. J. Gotor
Summary: Solid solution samples of Mn2+-doped ZnSxSe1-x were synthesized through a mechanically-induced self-sustaining reaction process. The band-gap energy of the samples was controlled by changing the stoichiometry of the solid solution. However, an efficiency loss was observed with increasing Se content.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peter Balaz, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Marcela Achimovicova, Matej Balaz, Nina Daneu, Oleksandr Dobrozhan, Maria Kanuchova
Summary: The study demonstrates the feasibility of synthesizing Bi-doped tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4-xBixS13 using an industrial eccentric vibratory mill, with an increase in Bi content resulting in a decrease in thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. Overall, the degradation effect of Bi doping on the thermoelectric properties of tetrahedrite in these synthesis conditions is illustrated by the resulting figure-of-merit values.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Olha Skurikhina, Maria Gombotz, Mamoru Senna, Martin Fabian, Matej Balaz, Klebson Lucenildo Da Silva, Marcela Achimovicova, H. Martin R. Wilkening, Bernhard Gadermaier
Summary: This study investigates the ion transport properties of K2Ti6O13 using broadband impedance spectroscopy, revealing that K+ is the main charge carrier and the size of the mobile cation correlates with conductivity and activation energy.
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ricardo Chavez-Vasconez, Sheila Lascano, Sergio Sauceda, Mauricio Reyes-Valenzuela, Christopher Salvo, Ramalinga Viswanathan Mangalaraja, Francisco Jose Gotor, Cristina Arevalo, Yadir Torres
Summary: Commercially pure titanium grade IV with a bimodal microstructure is a promising material for biomedical implants. The influence of processing parameters on its physical, microstructural, and mechanical properties was investigated. It was found that a bimodal microstructure and a porous structure could be achieved by blending powder particles with different sizes and using the space-holder technique.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Matej Balaz, L'udmila Tkacikova, Martin Stahorsky, Mariano Casas-Luna, Erika Dutkova, Ladislav Celko, Maria Kovacova, Marcela Achimovicova, Peter Balaz
Summary: This research presents twelve Cu-based nanocrystalline sulfides as prospective antibacterial materials. The materials were synthesized through solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis and showed good antibacterial activity. The presented synthetic approach offers a promising alternative for the preparation of nanomaterials for biological applications and highlights ternary and quaternary sulfides as potential candidates for the next-generation antibacterial agents.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marcela Achimovicova, Michal Hegedus, Vladimir Girman, Maksym Lisnichuk, Erika Dutkova, Juraj Kurimsky, Jaroslav Briancin
Summary: Nickel mono- (NiSe) and diselenide (NiSe2) were successfully synthesized by one-step mechanochemical reactions. The crystal structure, morphology, electrical, and optical properties of the products were characterized. The results showed that the nickel selenides synthesized by milling have potential application in photovoltaics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erika Dutkova, Maria Jesus Sayagues, Martin Fabian, Matej Balaz, Jaroslav Kovac, Jaroslav Kovac Junior, Martin Stahorsky, Marcela Achimovicova, Zdenka Lukacova Bujnakova
Summary: Copper, antimony, and sulfur were used to synthesize skinnerite (Cu3SbS3) through mechanochemical synthesis in laboratory and industrial mills. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of pure monoclinic skinnerite in the laboratory mill and a mixture of skinnerite, famatinite, and tetrahedrite in the industrial mill. The resulting nanocrystals were agglomerated into micrometer-sized grains. Optical and optoelectrical properties of the skinnerite prepared in the laboratory mill showed potential for photovoltaic applications.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Katarina Gaborova, Marcela Achimovicova, Pavel Skacha, Maria Florencia Marquez-Zavalia, Jaroslav Briancin, Olga Sestinova
Summary: This paper investigates the structure, morphology, chemical composition, and leaching of naumannite (Ag2Se). Mechanical activation of Ag2Se in a planetary ball mill increases its specific surface area. The particle size is influenced by milling time, as analyzed by particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy. Leaching kinetics of non-activated and mechanically activated samples in HNO3 solutions are examined, along with the effect of leaching temperature on the recovery of silver from mechanically activated naumannite.
MINING METALLURGY & EXPLORATION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Samia Lemboub, Azzedine Boudebane, Said Boudebane, Amel Bourbia, Samiha Mezrag, Francisco Jose Gotor
Summary: This study successfully produced composite materials through the combustion in thermal explosion mode of reactive mixtures. The manufactured samples exhibited excellent performance in terms of microstructure, hardness, and tribological behavior.
COMPOSITE INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ri Zhang, Shasha Zhang, Mengyan Ding
Summary: A thin liquid film method is proposed to evaluate sand erosion in annular flow. This method considers the direct interaction between the liquid film and gas core, as well as the entrainment and deposition of droplets. The erosion rate is calculated by considering the effects of liquid entrainment and particle velocity decay. The method is fully verified by comparing with experimental data.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu Suo, Xianheng Su, Wenyuan He, Xiaofei Fu, Zhejun Pan
Summary: This research investigates the mechanical properties of sandstone-shale composite through orthogonal experimental method and discrete element simulation. The results show that different lithologies and thickness ratios can affect the strength and fracture mode of the composite rock samples.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maurizio Troiano, Andrea El Hassanin, Roberto Solimene, Alessia Teresa Silvestri, Fabrizio Scala, Antonino Squillace, Piero Salatino
Summary: This study investigates the potential of Fluidized Bed Finishing (FBF) for square flat AlSi10Mg specimens manufactured via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing technology. The results show that good finishing can be achieved using rotation-assisted tests, with a maximum reduction of surface roughness by 67%. Steel particles are found to be the most effective bed material.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Ningbo Song, Wanzhong Yin, Jin Yao
Summary: Seawater's dissolved salts and minerals have various effects on the flotation process, including influencing the characteristics and behavior of flotation factors, as well as affecting the surface of sulfide minerals. In most cases, seawater has adverse effects on the flotation of sulfide minerals, but these effects can be mitigated by adjusting the reagents.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kaiqiao Wu, Shuxian Jiang, Victor Francia, Marc-Olivier Coppens
Summary: In rectangular and cylindrical annular fluidized beds, pulsating gas flow can create regular bubble patterns, overcoming challenges seen in conventional units. This study provides new opportunities for modularization of fluidized bed operations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuo Li, Huili Zhang, Jan Baeyens, Miao Yang, Zehao Li, Yimin Deng
Summary: The paper assesses the behavior of cohesive Geldart C-type particles when fluidized by air with the aid of vibration. It determines that mechanical vibration is a simple and effective method to improve the fluidity of cohesive particles during fluidization.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhenfei Feng, Qingyuan Zhang, Shanpan Liang, Zhenzhou Li, Fangwen Guo, Jinxin Zhang, Ding Yuan
Summary: A new micro/mini-channel heat sink (MCHS) with a combined structure of longitudinal and transverse vortex generators is designed, using Al2O3 nanofluid as the working medium. The study explores the effects of transverse vortex generator shape and longitudinal vortex generator angle on the hydraulic and thermal characteristics, comprehensive performance, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency. The results show that the triangular transverse vortex generator improves the comprehensive performance and exergy efficiency. Combined with the longitudinal vortex generator, the MCHS achieves the best comprehensive performance, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency when the Reynolds number is 742.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kostas Giannis, Christoph Thon, Guoqing Yang, Arno Kwade, Carsten Schilde
Summary: This study presents a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) methodology for generating realistic 3D models of particles. The method trains on 2D projections of particle images to predict their 3D shapes, and evaluates the accuracy of the predictions using Fourier shape descriptors (FSDs). This methodology has wide applications in particle shape analysis.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zheng-qing Zhou, Lu-jia Chai, Yu-long Zhang, Ya-bin Wang, Ze-chen Du, Tian-yi Wang, Yu-zhe Liu
Summary: The dynamic oxidation and shell-breaking processes of aluminum nanoparticles (ANPs) during heating were studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the changes in shell thickness can be divided into three stages, and the active aluminum content of ANP decreased before shell-breaking.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fulei Chen, Huaqing Ma, Zihan Liu, Lianyong Zhou, Yongzhi Zhao
Summary: A particle breakage model based on the particle replacement scheme, using the polyhedral model to describe particles, is proposed in this work to accurately describe the breakage of a large number of particles. Additionally, a fast-cutting algorithm is proposed to reproduce the size distribution of progeny particles determined by the breakage model. The validation and simulation results show satisfactory accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the algorithm.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Matteo Errigo, Christopher Windows-Yule, Massimiliano Materazzi, Dominik Werner, Paola Lettieri
Summary: Gas-solid fluidized-bed systems have advantages in terms of chemical reaction efficiency and temperature control, making them widely used in industrial applications. However, the design, scale-up, and optimization of these complex units are limited by the lack of deep physical understanding. Non-invasive and non-intrusive diagnostic techniques provide a way for researchers to study these systems without affecting the flow field or directly contacting the medium under study.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Saeed Fateh, Mohammad Behshad Shafii, Mohammad Najafi, Cyrus Aghanajafi
Summary: Applying a magnetic field to ferrofluids alters their flow characteristics and enhances heat transfer. Through visualization and quantitative investigation, it is found that the magnetic field influences the flow patterns and velocity profiles, improving fluid mixing and vorticity magnitude.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Gao, Bingbing Wei, Xiaochuan Hu, Zaifeng Yao, Yiwen Fang, Xuejian Gao
Summary: In this study, a numerical model of sand triaxial test was established using discrete element software PFC3D, and an indoor triaxial test was conducted to calibrate the numerical model. The influence of microscopic parameters on the macroscopic mechanical response of sand was analyzed. The results showed that the friction coefficient had the greatest impact on the peak strength and residual strength of the sand's stress-strain curve, and it was positively correlated. The normal tangential stiffness ratio was negatively correlated, while the porosity and boundary flexibility stiffness had minimal influence on it.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xuan Liu, Jie Gong, Kai Jiang, Xiaojuan Lai, Yu Tian, Kang Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to improve the performance of lignite coal water slurries (CWSs) by synthesizing a series of three-arm amphiphilic block copolymers. By controlling the relative molecular weight, hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, and ionic group content, the apparent viscosity of CWSs was significantly reduced and the static stability was improved. Thermogravimetric testing and XPS analysis were conducted to reveal the mechanism behind the improved performance.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lanka Dinushke Weerasiri, Daniel Fabijanic, Subrat Das
Summary: Fluidization at low pressure offers significant benefits for the fine chemical industry. This study investigates the behavior of bubbles and bed expansion under low pressure conditions. It is found that lower pressure leads to larger bubbles, increased bubble quantity, and higher aspect ratio. The predictability is affected by the inhomogeneous fluidization, but low pressure fluidization can generate similar bubble sizes with lower fluidizing mass compared to atmospheric pressure.
