Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jonatan Bagger, Magnus F. G. Grondahl, Asger Lund, Jens J. Holst, Tina Vilsboll, Filip K. Knop
Summary: The study showed that GLP-1 potentiated the glucagon-suppressive effect of glucose in a dose-dependent manner in healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes. However, patients with type 1 diabetes were insensitive to the glucagonostatic effects of both glucose and GLP-1.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiannan Xiao, Liliane El Eid, Teresa Buenaventura, Raphael Boutry, Amelie Bonnefond, Ben Jones, Guy A. Rutter, Philippe Froguel, Alejandra Tomas
Summary: This study aimed to determine the kinase activity profiles of human pancreatic beta cells downstream of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) balanced versus biased agonist stimulations. The results showed that acute and sustained GLP-1R agonist exposure had distinct effects on kinase responses, and different biased agonists could modulate distinct kinase interaction networks. These findings have important implications for the selection of appropriate anti-type 2 diabetes therapies.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michael A. Nauck, David A. D'Alessio
Summary: Tirzepatide, the first dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has shown to be effective in reducing HbA(1c) and body weight, and has good cardiovascular safety. However, there are still questions regarding its mechanism of action.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rasmus Stenlid, Sara Y. Cerenius, Quan Wen, Banu Kucukemre Aydin, Hannes Manell, Azazul Chowdhury, Hjalti Kristinsson, Iris Ciba, Erik S. Gjessing, Katharina Moerwald, Julian Gomahr, Verena Heu, Daniel Weghuber, Anders Forslund, Peter Bergsten
Summary: Weekly injections of 2 mg exenatide extended release maintain endogenous total GLP-1 levels and lower circulating DPP-4 levels. This provides supportive evidence for the use of exenatide in the treatment of pediatric obesity.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nikolaus Marx, Mansoor Husain, Michael Lehrke, Subodh Verma, Naveed Sattar
Summary: Multiple large cardiovascular outcome trials have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists significantly reduce cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, including major adverse cardiovascular events and heart failure. These drugs have received strong recommendations in diabetes and cardiology guidelines, but their usage remains low.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hideaki Kaneto, Tomohiko Kimura, Masashi Shimoda, Atsushi Obata, Junpei Sanada, Yoshiro Fushimi, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Kohei Kaku
Summary: Various transcription factors in the pancreas play important roles in pancreas development, differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells, and preservation of mature beta-cell function. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the expression levels of insulin gene transcription factors are suppressed due to prolonged exposure to high glucose levels, leading to beta-cell failure. In addition, coronavirus infection directly infects beta-cells, causing cell death and reduced insulin secretion.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicola Marrano, Giuseppina Biondi, Anna Borrelli, Angelo Cignarelli, Sebastio Perrini, Luigi Laviola, Francesco Giorgino, Annalisa Natalicchio
Summary: Incretins GLP-1 and irisin play important roles in enhancing insulin secretion and regulating blood sugar control through similar mechanisms. They are synthesized within the pancreatic islets, affected by diseases like type 2 diabetes; GLP-1 receptor agonists are widely used in diabetes treatment, with attention to their cardiovascular benefits and weight loss effects.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Heike Jung, Sascha R. Tittel, Nanette C. Schloot, Elke Heitmann, Thorsten Otto, Jeremie Lebrec, Marianne Pavel, Stefanie Lanzinger
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and persistence of GLP-1 RA in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed an increased duration of GLP-1 RA therapy over time and a decrease in HbA1c levels compared to baseline.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Reema Mody, Maria Yu, Bal Nepal, Manige Konig, Michael Grabner
Summary: The study found that patients initiating dulaglutide showed higher rates of adherence and persistence with their treatment compared to those initiating semaglutide or exenatide BCise at the 6-month follow-up.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Md Kamruzzaman, Michael Horowitz, Karen L. Jones, Chinmay S. Marathe
Summary: Postprandial glycemic control is crucial for optimal management of type 2 diabetes, with the gastrointestinal tract playing a significant role. Various strategies, such as slowing gastric emptying and stimulating the incretin hormone GLP-1, have been proposed to modulate gastrointestinal function and improve postprandial glycaemia.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kristina M. Utzschneider, David A. Ehrmann, Silva A. Arslanian, Elena Barengolts, Thomas A. Buchanan, Sonia Caprio, Sharon L. Edelstein, Tamara S. Hannon, Steven E. Kahn, Alexandra Kozedub, Kieren J. Mather, Kristen J. Nadeau, Susan Sam, Mark Tripputi, Anny H. Xiang, Laure El ghormli
Summary: Weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, and its contribution after surgical or medical intervention can be compared using different treatment methods. L + M treatment can enhance beta-cell function independent of weight loss, while laparoscopic gastric banding does not provide a net benefit to beta-cell function.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ehtasham Ahmad, Soo Lim, Roberta Lamptey, David R. Webb, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: Type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 90% of global diabetes cases, with an increasing number of affected individuals, particularly among young people. Early detection and proactive management are crucial for preventing complications and reducing mortality. Technology and precision medicine offer potential improvements to treatment outcomes but face significant barriers.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jonathan M. Wilson, Yanzhu Lin, M. Jane Luo, Gary Considine, Amy L. Cox, Lenden M. Bowsman, Deborah A. Robins, Axel Haupt, Kevin L. Duffin, Giacomo Ruotolo
Summary: In a phase 2 trial, tirzepatide reduced HbA1c and body weight dose-dependently in patients with type 2 diabetes, and also decreased several biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk factors, showing potential positive effects on cardiovascular health.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Knud Josefsen, Lars Krogvold, Ivan C. Gerling, Flemming Pociot, Knut Dahl-Jorgensen, Karsten Buschard
Summary: This study suggests that dormant beta cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibit secretion defects, fetal dedifferentiation, and desynchronization. Combining with previous evidence, it is proposed to treat individuals with ongoing T1D development prophylactically with type 2 diabetes (T2D) medicine and anti-inflammatory compounds to reactivate dormant beta cells and prevent autoimmune destruction. Further investigation into T2D mechanisms during T1D development is needed.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zi-Yang Peng, Chun-Ting Yang, Wei-Hung Lin, Wen-Yu Yao, Huang-Tz Ou, Shihchen Kuo
Summary: The effectiveness of GLP-1RA versus LAI therapies in preventing kidney progression in T2D patients with poor glycemic control remains uncertain. This study found that using GLP-1RAs was associated with kidney benefits, especially in patients with prior cardiovascular diseases or adherence to oral GLAs.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2023)