Multimodality imaging in hyperparathyroidism

Imaging of patients with hyperparathyroidism has evolved over the last decade and transformed surgical management of the disease. Traditional bilateral neck dissection and exploratory surgery has been overtaken by focused, minimally invasive procedures in patients with single-gland disease. Accurate preoperative localisation of the involved parathyroid gland is the cornerstone for success of the new surgical techniques. In this article, the strengths, limitations and respective roles of different imaging modalities used to evaluate patients with hyperparathyroidism will be reviewed.