Article
Chemistry, Applied
Carlos M. R. Abreu, Ana C. Fonseca, Daniela F. S. L. Rodrigues, Talita C. Rezende, Joana R. C. C. Marques, Arnaldo J. C. Tomas, Pedro M. F. O. Goncalves, Armenio C. Serra, Jorge F. J. Coelho
Summary: Industrially viable nonmigratory internal plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is achieved through the synthesis of block copolymer poly(vinyl chloride)-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-b-PBA-b-PVC) using aqueous single electron transfer degenerative chain transfer living radical polymerization (SET-DTLRP) technique. The resulting copolymers showed better overall performance than commercial flexible PVC due to the introduction of a temperature step in the synthesis process. The non-migratory nature of the plasticizing moieties of the PVC-b-PBA-b-PVC block copolymers ensures the stability of the material after extraction.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Yinan Sun, Xiangchi Liu, Tingting Liu, Baijun Liu, Mingyao Zhang
Summary: Polyacrylate latexes with uniform particle size and excellent dispersion were successfully synthesized via emulsion copolymerization. The effect of grafting agent type on the residual double bonds of the seed latex was investigated. The PVC/ACR blend prepared by emulsion grafting polymerization reached a brittle-toughness transition at an ACR content of 8 phr, and showed significantly improved impact strength compared to traditional ACR-prepared PVC/ACR blend.
JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Krzysztof Lewandowski, Katarzyna Skorczewska
Summary: This article provides a literature review on the recycling of PVC, including mechanical recycling and feedstock recycling methods. It also introduces the characteristics of PVC and its potential in the circular economy.
Article
Polymer Science
Aurelien Vebr, Magali Dallegre, Laurent Autissier, Charlotte Drappier, Karel Le Jeune, Didier Gigmes, Anthony Kermagoret
Summary: This study successfully controlled the thermal properties of PVC by initiating the polymerization of acrylate monomers on azide-modified PVC through copper catalysis. The resulting copolymers exhibited different glass transition temperatures and semi-crystalline behavior.
Article
Polymer Science
Changtong Song, Hongyi Shu, Xianhong Zhang, Yuhong Ma, Dong Chen, Wantai Yang
Summary: In this study, low molecular weight poly(vinyl chloride-co-n-butyl acrylate-co-vinyl acetate) (PCBV) ternary copolymers with varied copolymer composition were used as a novel polymeric lubricant in rigid PVC. The lubrication effect of PCBVs on the melting process and mechanical properties of the final PVC products was fully investigated. The results showed that PCBV can act as either an internal or an external lubricant depending on its composition. PCBV-45.5 terpolymer (PBA% similar to 45.5%) exhibited outstanding balance in both internal and external lubricating roles. SEM-EDS results revealed that the addition of PCBV-45.5 formed a film on the surface of PVC grains, similar to the addition of both internal and external lubricants. Fusion characteristics and DMTA demonstrated that PCBV-45.5 prolonged the fusion time and reduced the glass transition temperature. Finally, the mechanical properties of rigid PVC were greatly improved by using 1.5 phr PCBV-45.5, with increased tensile strength and elongation at break, as well as enhanced impact strength.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Carmen Mijangos, Itxaso Calafel, Antxon Santamaria
Summary: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is a widely used commodity polymer that is continuously evolving. It has recently been demonstrated that PVC is suitable for extrusion-based 3D printing, allowing the production of tailored flexible and ductile PVC objects. This article describes the important characteristics of PVC, including production and applications, as well as its drawbacks of thermal degradation and plasticizer exudation. The article also discusses recent efforts and advances in overcoming these limitations and developing new applications through modification reactions and the use of PVC formulations in additive manufacturing.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nancy G. Bush, Mikiyas K. Assefa, Selin Bac, Shaama Mallikarjun Sharada, Megan E. Fieser
Summary: In the presence of (xantphos)RhCl catalyst, reaction of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with triethyl silane in THF leads to partial reduction of PVC via hydrodechlorination. Increasing catalyst loading or using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) as a solvent decreases the selectivity for hydrodechlorination. Reaction of PVC with sodium formate in THF affords excellent selectivity for hydrodechlorination along with complete PVC dechlorination, while higher catalyst loadings are required. In contrast, reaction of PVC with NaH in DMA exhibits good selectivity for dehydrochlorination and higher reaction rates.
MATERIALS HORIZONS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Katarzyna Skorczewska, Krzysztof Lewandowski, Piotr Szewczykowski, Slawomir Wilczewski, Joanna Szulc, Paulina Stopa, Paulina Nowakowska
Summary: This paper explores the characteristics of unplasticized PVC composites modified with biofiller obtained from waste eggshells, showing that the biofiller significantly improves thermal stability, increases the modulus of elasticity and softening point, and is suitable for traditional PVC mixtures' processing.
Article
Polymer Science
Woohyuk Choi, Woojin Lee, Yeong Jun Yu, Rodney D. Priestley, Jae Woo Chung, Seung-Yeop Kwak
Summary: The glass transition dynamics of polymers play a crucial role in determining their properties. Pyrene-labeled and pyrene-doped flexible PVC plasticized by ultra-small branched star poly(epsilon-caprolactone) were prepared to observe changes in fluorescence intensities with temperature. The study revealed limited movement of the labeled pyrene moieties along the PVC chains due to cooperative reptation motion, and showed that an increase in USB-SPCL content in flexible PVC can decrease fluorescence intensity reduction degrees while also potentially leading to an increase under certain conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Katarzyna Skorczewska, Joanna Szulc, Krzysztof Lewandowski, Anna Ligocka, Slawomir Wilczewski
Summary: The purpose of this study was to modify plasticised PVC with natural cassia oil (CO) to obtain a material with antimicrobial properties and selected mechanical properties. The modified material showed increased antioxidant activity with the increase in cassia oil content and the duration of action. The largest growth inhibition zones were observed for L. monocytogenes. The modifier had a plasticising effect on PVC, evidenced by the decrease in modulus of elasticity and T-g, and the increase in elongation at break. The developed material may find application in the packaging used to store minimally processed food as an active and/or functional material emitting antimicrobial agents.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wancen Xie, Alberto Tiraferri, Xuanyu Ji, Chen Chen, Yuhua Bai, John C. Crittenden, Baicang Liu
Summary: The study utilized a green solvent and environmentally friendly reaction method to fabricate PVC UF membranes with excellent fouling resistance, achieving good membrane performance in a short grafting time, providing a new approach to reduce environmental impacts.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Slawomir Wilczewski, Katarzyna Skorczewska, Jolanta Tomaszewska, Krzysztof Lewandowski, Waldemar Studzinski, Magdalena Osial, Piotr Jenczyk, Hubert Grzywacz, Agata Domanska
Summary: In this study, a method to improve the dispersion of graphene in rigid poly(vinyl chloride) matrix using a plant extract from Curcuma longa L. is proposed. The use of the proposed extract as a dispersant resulted in improved dispersion, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites. This suggests that the extract can be a promising eco-friendly additive for the production of nanocomposites with enhanced homogeneity.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Davood Kazemi, Mohammad Reza Yaftian, Spas D. Kolev
Summary: This paper presents the first application of a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) for extracting the bismuth(III) ion. The optimal PIM composition was found to be 50% poly(vinyl chloride) and 50% bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), with the best results achieved at pH 1.3 and a feed solution containing 0.2 mol L-1 sulfate.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yi-Heng Lu, Zong-Lin Chen, Yu-Wei Lu
Summary: A PVC composite film doped with folic acid-modified titanium dioxide was synthesized to inhibit the agglomeration of nanotitanium dioxide. The results showed that the cohesiveness of the nanoparticles decreased after folic acid modification, leading to improved stability of PVC and reduced decomposition rate. The doped PVC film also suppressed the release of CO2 and enhanced the recovery of plasticizer.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Seong Baek Yang, Mohammad Rezaul Karim, Jungeon Lee, Jeong Hyun Yeum, Sabina Yeasmin
Summary: Novel poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl butyral-vinyl alcohol) films with improved hydrophobicity were prepared by saponification of poly(vinyl acetate)/poly(vinyl butyral) blend films. The saponification process was confirmed by various analysis techniques. The hydrophobicity of the films increased with increasing poly(vinyl butyral) content. The saponified films exhibited improved mechanical properties and unique surface characteristics. These films have potential applications in biomaterials, filters, and medical devices.