Article
Polymer Science
K. Mohamed Mydeen, Hariharan Arumugam, Balaji Krishnasamy, Alagar Muthukaruppan
Summary: This study focuses on the synthesis, thermal and dielectric properties of sustainable bio-phenol viz. thymol based polybenzoxazines for applications including low dielectric, high dielectric and water repellent coating applications. Four unique sets of thymol benzoxazines were synthesized using varied nature of amines. The synthesized thymol benzoxazines showed excellent thermal and dielectric properties for various applications.
Article
Polymer Science
Priyanka Madesh, Sasikumar Ramachandran, Subasri Appasamy, Balaji Krishnasamy, Kesavan Muthu, Alagar Muthukaruppan
Summary: Agricultural waste valorization is essential for reducing global warming. In this study, cardanol, furfurylamine, and benzaldehyde derived from biowaste were used to synthesize a novel resin called cardbisphenol (BBC) and its benzoxazine (BBC-ffa) resin. These resins were reinforced with carbon building blocks derived from sustainable resources, resulting in carbon integrated polybenzoxazine composites with high-k dielectrics. These composites exhibited improved dielectric properties and enhanced hydrophobicity, making them suitable for use as gate dielectrics in microelectronics.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Farzaneh Radmanesh, Monika Pilz, Luca Ansaloni, Thijs A. Peters, Eric Louradour, Henk van Veen, Dag Hovik, Mark A. Hempenius, Nieck E. Benes
Summary: The study systematically analyzed the effects of cations on the properties and performance of PolyPOSS-imide membranes, comparing the impact of different treatment methods on the membranes. Results indicate that the introduction of different cations affects the thickness of the membrane and the imidization kinetics, while also impacting the loss of organic crosslinkers.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei-Hua Xu, Shi-Jing Yan, Jian-Qing Zhao
Summary: POSS and DOPO-based flame retardant co-curing agent were introduced into DDM/DGEBA epoxy system, creating organic-inorganic hybrid epoxy composites with improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
Article
Polymer Science
Xiaoyi Sun, Jing Wang, Qixuan Fu, Qian Zhang, Riwei Xu
Summary: A new type of bifunctional epoxy compound DDSQ-EP was synthesized and incorporated into polybenzoxazine to obtain nanocomposites. The DDSQ-EP showed uniform dispersion in the nanocomposites and improved mechanical and thermal properties compared to pure benzoxazine resins. In addition, the addition of DDSQ-EP slightly improved the dielectric properties of polybenzoxazine.
Article
Polymer Science
Agustin Forchetti Casarino, Santiago Andres Bortolato, Natalia Casis, Diana Alejandra Estenoz, Marisa Elisabet Sponton
Summary: This research focuses on the development of thermosetting systems derived from a siloxane-based benzoxazine hybrid precursor. The influence of siloxane composition on the morphology and properties of the materials was investigated. The results showed that an increase in the content of benzoxazine or epoxy resin affected the morphology of the materials, and the incorporation of polysilsesquioxane-based precursor improved the investigated properties.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mayu Nagao, Taihei Hayashi, Hiroaki Imoto, Kensuke Naka
Summary: Dumbbell-shaped polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives with unsymmetrical structures exhibit hybrid properties in solubility and thermal behavior, showing potential to improve the thermal degradation performance of compounds.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sizhao Zhang, Hui Ji, Zhao Wang, Yunyun Xiao, Zhouyuan Yang, Jing Wang, Kunming Lu, Guangyu Xu, Shixian Xiong, Zhengquan Li, Yue Yang, Feng Ding
Summary: This study proposes a strategy for constructing polybenzoxazine/silica hybrid aerogels with high mass residual and excellent thermal insulation performance. The introduction of silica inorganic phases enhances the networking structure and thermal stability of the matrix, resulting in superior thermal insulation and self-extinguishing properties. The designed materials show great potential for application in the aerospace field.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Guohu Zhang, Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy, Lamiaa Reda Ahmed, Babasaheb M. Matsagar, Sameerah Al-Saeedi, Shiao-Wei Kuo, Kevin C. -W. Wu
Summary: A new porphyrin-functionalized benzoxazine (Por-BZ) with high purity and yield was synthesized in this study. The thermal properties of the polymerization product showed that Por-BZ required a higher temperature for ring-opening polymerization (ROP) due to the presence of the porphyrin moiety. Insertion of Ni and Zn ions decreased the ROP temperature and improved the thermal stability of the complexes.
Article
Polymer Science
Harinei Srinivasan, Pavithra Saravanan, Priyanka Madesh, Balaji Krishnasamy, Hariharan Arumugam, Alagar Muthukaruppan
Summary: In this study, a series of tetrafunctional benzoxazines were synthesized and characterized. The poly(P-aP-ffa) showed better thermal stability compared to poly(BZ-aP-ffa) and poly(BBA-aP-ffa). Vermiculite-reinforced polybenzoxazine composites exhibited changes in water contact angle and dielectric constant, indicating their potential application as sealants for printed circuit boards in microelectronics.
Article
Polymer Science
V Arivalagan, L. Devaraj Stephen, M. Meera, S. G. Gunasekaran
Summary: A new carbazole terminal nanosilica reinforced polybenzoxazine (nSiO(2)/PBZ) was synthesized using in-situ sol-gel method, exhibiting excellent thermal stability and high char yield due to inter-cross linked silica networks. High loading level of nanosilica particles can elevate the glass transition temperature of the material.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Harinei Srinivasan, Hariharan Arumugam, Sarawut Rimdusit, Alagar Muthukaruppan
Summary: In order to tackle the environmental concerns caused by the increase of global population, efforts have been made to reduce the use of fossil-based precursors and chemicals. This study focuses on the preparation of sustainable bio-benzoxazine resins using different amine systems and paraformaldehyde. The molecular structure of the benzoxazines were analyzed and cotton cloth was coated with aliphatic amine based benzoxazine to make it superhydrophobic. Additionally, functionalized bio-silica and graphitic carbon nitride reinforcements were separately prepared and used to develop polybenzoxazine composites.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yanjun He, Agnieszka Suliga, Alex Brinkmeyer, Mark Schenk, Ian Hamerton
Summary: A new thermoset resin system based on a polybenzoxazine blend showed good performance under high ATOX irradiation. It reduced erosion yield by forming a silicon-rich surface layer and improved the mechanical properties of CFRP laminates.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lucio Rossi de Souza, Jose Roberto M. d'Almeida, Xiang Cheng, Li-Han Rong, Eugene B. Caldona, Rigoberto C. Advincula
Summary: The copolymerization of a triamine-based benzoxazine and a commercial difunctional epoxy resin was explored to enhance thermal properties. Results indicated significant improvements such as increased glass transition temperature and higher thermal stability compared to individual components. The copolymers showed potential for extended uses in higher temperature applications.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zongwu Zhang, Yijie Zhou, Lifeng Cai, Lixin Xuan, Xiao Wu, Xiaoyan Ma
Summary: This study designed and synthesized a novel eugenol-functionalized cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (EG-POSS) that effectively improves the dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties of BD-type bismaleimide resin. The incorporation of 4% EG-POSS into the resin matrix resulted in the outstanding comprehensive performance of the hybrid material BDEP-(0)(.04). Furthermore, the addition of silica fiber enhanced the wave transparency and mechanical properties of the silica fiber reinforced composites (SF/BDEP-0.04), showing a significant improvement compared to SF/BD.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
P. Prabukanthan, V Bhakyajothi, M. Saravana Kumar, K. Dinakaran
Summary: 4-methoxy-N-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl) benzamide (4MNMNPB) was synthesized using the benzoylation method and its properties were characterized using various experimental techniques, confirming its potential in optical applications.
MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
P. Prabukanthan, V Bhakyajothi, K. Dinakaran, S. Uthayakumar, Adnan Younis
Summary: Organic NLO materials, 2-methoxy-N,N-diphenylbenzamide (2MNNDPB), 4-Methoxy-N,N-diphenylbenzamide (4MNNDPB) and 3-methoxy-N,N-diphenylbenzamide (3MNNDPB), were synthesized and their crystal structures and properties were studied. These materials exhibited good thermal stability and showed potential for application in the area of nonlinear optics.
Article
Polymer Science
Narayanasamy Kavitha, Ayyavu Chandramohan, Devansh Sharma, Kannaiyan Dinakaran
Summary: A lightweight electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorbing composite film has been developed by loading varying weight content of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets and polyaniline (PANI) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The composite film exhibits improved electrical conductivity, dielectric loss, and dielectric constant, along with good compatibility and porous structure.
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Kavitha Narayanasamy, Prabukanthan Peethambaram, Debmalya Roy, Uthayakumar Sivaperumal, Dinakaran Kannaiyan
Summary: We developed a conductive, lightweight, and porous composite by blending synthesized conjugated terpolymer and graphene with polyvinylidene difluoride for conductive polymer composite applications. The synthesized terpolymer PEPy-TP was blended with polyvinylidene difluoride and graphene nanosheets to form a porous composite, which was characterized using various analytical techniques. The porous composite exhibited high thermal stability and showed significant improvements in electrical conductivity and dielectric constant.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Siva Moorthy, Gandhimathi Sivasubramanian, Dinakaran Kannaiyan, Paradesi Deivanayagam
Summary: The world's reliance on hydrocarbon fuel has become the main source of energy production, but the emissions from its extraction and utilization pose a significant threat to the environment and human life. In search of green energy solutions, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have emerged as promising clean energy producers. Researchers have recently focused on high-temperature polymer electrolytes based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) due to their chemical and thermal stability, as well as their ability to control proton mobility through fillers. This review summarizes the advancements made by various researchers in addressing the limitations of PBI-based polymer electrolyte membranes in high-temperature PEMFCs, including structural modifications such as phase inversion, semi-interpenetrating IPNs, branched blocks, as well as physical modification methods like crosslinking, blending, and doping. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Theerthagiri Senthil, Peethambaram Prabukanthan, Deivanayagam Paradesi, Kannaiyan Dinakaran
Summary: A novel hyperbranched sulfonated poly(arylene aliphatic ketones) (HB-SPAAK) loaded with titania nanoparticles was synthesized for thermally stable proton-conducting electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. The HB-SPAAKs were synthesized through polycondensation reaction using different acids and trifluromethane sulfonic acid as catalyst. The TiO2-loaded nanocomposites showed improved proton conductivity and oxidative stability compared to unmodified HB-SPAAK.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Praveen Thangamuthu, Siva Moorthy, Berlina Maria Mahimai, Dinakaran Kannaiyan, Paradesi Deivanayagam
Summary: Organic-inorganic sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES)-bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) composite membranes were prepared using the solution casting method. The degree of sulfonation of the sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) polymer was 42.6%. The prepared samples were characterized using various techniques such as FT-IR, proton NMR, XRD, GPC, SEM, and XPS. The physicochemical properties of the membranes, including water uptake, ion exchange capability, thermal properties, and proton conductivity, were analyzed. The SPES composite membrane loaded with 6 wt.% Bi2O3 exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 0.045 S cm(-1), demonstrating its potential as an electrolyte for fuel cells.
JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Senthil Theerthagiri, Srinivasan Krishnan, Paradesi Deivanayagam, Chandran Muthiah, Dinakaran Kannaiyan
Summary: A sulfonated polyphenylene sulphide sulfone (sPPSS) loaded with titania-graphene (TiO2-GNS) nanocomposite was synthesized and its suitability for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications was studied. The structural, morphological, and physic-chemical properties of sPPSS nanocomposites with varying amounts of TiO2-GNS were investigated. The TiO2-GNS dispersed polymer membrane exhibited reduced water absorption and swelling ratio, and the sPPSS nanocomposites membrane showed good oxidative stability and proton conductivity.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Munusamy Kesava, Velautham Saravanan, Srinivasan Krishnan, Kannaiyan Dinakaran
Summary: The amphiphilic polybenzoxazines-co-epoxy membrane (POPBOs/PTGP) was created by cross-linking OPBOs and TGP. The functionality, crystallinity, and morphology of mPbS/GNs were investigated using various techniques. Different PNCs were obtained and used in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The performance and properties of the composite membranes were determined, showing promising results.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Devaraju Subramani, Aruna Kumar Mohanty, Du-hyun Won, Hyun-jong Paik
Summary: A simple in situ sol-gel hybrid approach was used to enhance the mechanical stability and hydrophobic property of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) transparent conductive films (TCFs). PEDOT:P(SS-co-AMA)/silica hybrid films were prepared using thiol-ene click and sol-gel reactions with silane precursors. The hybrid films demonstrated improved hydrophobicity and mechanical stability due to the cross-linked silica network, perfluorooctyl moiety, and good compatibility between organic and inorganic phases. These PEDOT-silica hybrid films with excellent transparency, electrical conductivity, and hydrophobic and mechanical properties are suitable for durable optoelectronic device applications.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Amalorpavadoss Arumugam, Senthil Theerthagiri, Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar, Chellpandi Sekar, Chandramohan Ayyavu, Srinivasan Krishanan, Dinakaran Kanniyan
Summary: The sol-gel approach was used to synthesize a PVA/Ep/APS membrane, and SnO2 nanoparticles were incorporated into the membrane. The study found that the addition of SnO2 nanoparticles improved the proton conductivity and water absorption capacity of the membrane, making it a potential material for fuel cells.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
K. Dinakaran, S. Senthamilselvi, T. Gayathri, N. Kavitha, Debmalya Roy
Summary: Polyvinylidene difluoride nanocomposites with high dielectric, microwave absorption, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties were prepared by embedding NiO and NiO/graphene in the PVDF matrix. The addition of NiO improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposites and enhanced their EMI shielding effectiveness. The results suggest that these nanocomposites have potential applications in areas such as electronic devices and communication systems.
JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Devaraju Subramani, Aruna Kumar Mohanty, Du-hyun Won, Youngkun Hong, Hyun-jong Paik
Summary: This study reports the synthesis of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) aqueous dispersion using sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) with hydrophobic fluorinated groups to enhance the weather and water stability of conductive films. The conductivity and surface morphology of PEDOT:SPES thin films were investigated, and a 200-fold increase in conductivity was observed after N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) treatment, with a transmittance over 96.5%. Raman spectroscopy revealed conformational changes in PEDOT chains due to the solvent treatment. In comparison to commercial PEDOT:poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS), the PEDOT:SPES films showed improved water and weather stability in terms of dimensional stability. Furthermore, the PEDOT:SPES films were tested as hole transport layers in organic solar cells, achieving a good power conversion efficiency (3.36%), comparable to conventional PEDOT:PSS (AI 4083).
MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Kavitha Narayanasamy, Karikal Chozhan Chinnakkannu, Devansh Sharma, Dinakaran Kannaiyan
Summary: Electromagnetic radiation interference (EMI) caused by the expansion of electronic and communication industries is a significant problem, leading to the disruption of electronic gadgets, medical equipments, and human health. A Microwave absorbing (MA) composite made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyaniline (PANI), carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and iron oxide (Fe3O4) was developed and exhibited enhanced thermal and dielectric characteristics, as well as synergistic properties for EMI shielding. The microwave absorption spectra showed absorption peaks in the 8 to 12 GHz range, with a reflection loss value of approximately 20 dB at 10 GHz for the PVA/PANI/MWCNT/5% Fe3O4 nanocomposites.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Narayanasamy Kavitha, Ayyavu Chandramohan, Krishnan Srinivasan, Peethambaram Prabukanthan, Kannaiyan Dinakaran
Summary: In this study, electrically conductive composites of PETCH, PVDF, and GNS were prepared, characterized, and analyzed. A new conjugated PETCH polymer was synthesized and its chemical structure was confirmed. Different weight percentages of GNS and PETCH dispersed PVDF nanocomposites were prepared and characterized. The thermal studies showed decomposition temperatures for PETCH and PVDF/PETCH/GNS composites. The EDX analysis confirmed the presence of various elements in the composites. The dielectric studies demonstrated good interfacial adhesion in the GNS and terpolymer-dispersed PVDF composites.
BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
