Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angel G. Rivera-Colon, Niraj Rayamajhi, Bushra Fazal Minhas, Giovanni Madrigal, Kevin T. Bilyk, Veronica Yoon, Mathias Hune, Susan Gregory, C. H. Christina Cheng, Julian M. Catchen
Summary: Antarctic icefishes have adapted to the extreme cold and lack of hemoglobin in the Southern Ocean. However, the pike icefish species has successfully colonized temperate South American waters, indicating genetic mechanisms for temperate adaptation. Chromosomal rearrangements and selection of specific genes have been observed in the pike icefish, providing insights into their adaptation to different environments.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Julia M. York, Harold H. Zakon
Summary: Animals rely on sensory systems to sense environmental variation, but how Antarctic marine organisms sense their thermal habitat is unknown. This study investigates the evolutionary dynamics of thermosensors in Antarctic fish and identifies the most likely candidate thermosensors. It also proposes hypotheses for other adaptations in these fish.
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jinmu Kim, Seung-Jae Lee, Euna Jo, Eunkyung Choi, Minjoo Cho, Soyun Choi, Jeong-Hoon Kim, Hyun Park
Summary: This study analyzed the whole-genome survey and microsatellite motifs of crocodile icefish, providing relevant information on genetic diversity, population genetics, and genomic study. The crocodile icefish is a unique species in the Southern Ocean, with distinct physiological and genetic features such as lacking hemoglobin and evolving antifreeze proteins.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sahil Mehta, Aundy Kumar, V. Mohan Murali Achary, Prakash Ganesan, Neelmani Rathi, Asmita Singh, Kuleshwar Prasad Sahu, Shambhu Krishan Lal, T. K. Das, Malireddy K. Reddy
Summary: Glyphosate shows potential for managing blast disease in rice by exhibiting antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae and enhancing beneficial effects on rice, although it represses genes associated with plant defense mechanisms.
Article
Physiology
Milica Mandic, Amanda J. Frazier, Andrew W. Naslund, Anne E. Todgham
Summary: Notothenioid fishes, especially adult individuals, exhibit species-specific differences in cardiac metabolic capacity, which may impact their acclimation potential to changing environmental conditions.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federico Ansaloni, Marco Gerdol, Valentina Torboli, Nicola Reinaldo Fornaini, Samuele Greco, Piero Giulio Giulianini, Maria Rosaria Coscia, Andrea Miccoli, Gianfranco Santovito, Francesco Buonocore, Giuseppe Scapigliati, Alberto Pallavicini
Summary: Antarctic waters are not devoid of life, as Cryonotothenioidea have evolved unique adaptive features to survive in extreme environments, such as the loss of hemoglobin. A study identified 120 genes significantly up-regulated in Antarctic species, showing shared genetic adaptations among red and white-blooded Cryonotothenioidea in the region.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Jiuyang Zhu, Guoping Zhu
Summary: The mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, plays a vital role in the Antarctic marine ecosystem as a predator of the keystone species, Antarctic krill. The examination of its trophic linkage with its exclusive prey, Euphausia superba, provides insights into predator-prey relationships in cold environments.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Isabell Goetting, Safa Larafa, Katharina Eul, Mikhail Kunin, Burkhard Jakob, Johann Matschke, Verena Jendrossek
Summary: Aberrant activation of AKT affects cellular antioxidant defense and radiosensitivity. TRAMPC1 cells overexpressing the clinically relevant AKT variant AKT-E17K exhibit improved antioxidant defense and increased radiation resistance. This change is associated with AKT-dependent regulation of cellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), both directly and indirectly. Pharmacological inhibition of AKT-dependent metabolic enzymes supporting defense against oxidative stress, such as glutathione synthase and glutathione reductase, enhances the eradication of clonogenic tumor cells, particularly those overexpressing AKT-E17K.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Yonggang Niu, Xuejing Zhang, Haiying Zhang, Tisen Xu, Shengkang Men, Kenneth B. Storey, Qiang Chen
Summary: The study reveals that freezing exposure induces oxidative stress in the high-altitude frog Nanorana parkeri, leading to tissue-specific changes in antioxidant defense. Activation of antioxidant systems plays a crucial role in the survival strategy of this species during freezing, with up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes in liver and brain serving as an anticipatory mechanism to cope with the challenge of reactive oxygen species during freeze/thaw episodes. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of freeze tolerance in high-altitude frogs.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Anneli Strobel, Roger Lille-Langoy, Helmut Segner, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm, Anders Goksoyr, Odd Andre Karlsen
Summary: The study found that high-Antarctic fish possess a functional Ahr that can be activated by environmental contaminants, potentially leading to altered cost for cellular protein synthesis.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yi Shen, Guoping Zhu
Summary: This study provides baseline data on the distribution of trace elements in Ocellated icefish in the northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP). The results show that Zn has higher concentrations, while muscle has the lowest element concentrations. It was also found that Zn and Cd concentrations in the stomach and intestine are significantly positively correlated. The study suggests that C. rastrospinosus could be a useful bioindicator for monitoring variability in trace elements dynamics in NAP.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shulin Han, Guoping Zhu
Summary: This study investigated the trophic niches and accumulation and transfer of four trace elements (Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb) from Antarctic krill to mackerel icefish. The concentrations of these elements in krill were significantly higher than in icefish. There was a bio-dilution effect of these elements from krill to icefish, with Cu having the lowest biomagnification factor. Cu concentration in krill was correlated with δ15N and δ13C, while Pb enrichment in icefish was affected by δ15N.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Xiaoying Wei, Guoping Zhu
Summary: Analysis of otolith shape and ontogenetic variations in ocellated icefish provides valuable insights into the morphological changes during development, contributing to ecological, population structure, and life history studies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guoping Zhu, Yingying Li, Danrong Wang, Hui Liu
Summary: This study analyzed the levels of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in different tissues of mackerel icefish in South Georgia, finding that zinc was the highest element in muscle, skin, intestine, liver, and gill among the four elements studied.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Timothy J. Williams, Michelle A. Allen, Pratibha Panwar, Ricardo Cavicchioli
Summary: Uncultivated microbial clades, known as microbial dark matter, are believed to have important yet uncharacterized functions in nutrient cycling. Using metagenomes from an Antarctic lake, researchers generated 12 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) for four dark matter phyla, revealing their potential roles in hydrogen and sulfide production, nitrate reduction, sulfate reduction, and carbon dioxide fixation. These microbial clades contribute to sulfur cycling, degradation of complex organic matter, ammonification, and chemolithoautotrophic carbon dioxide fixation in diverse global environments.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)