Article
Immunology
Ron Dagan, Bart Adriaan van der Beek, Shalom Ben-Shimol, Tamara Pilishvili, Noga Givon-Lavi
Summary: The study demonstrates that the 7-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines are effective in protecting against otitis media caused by specific serotypes, especially serotypes 19F and 19A.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Liping Huang, Matt Wasserman, Lindsay Grant, Raymond Farkouh, Vincenza Snow, Adriano Arguedas, Erica Chilson, Reiko Sato, Johnna Perdrizet
Summary: The addition of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) to the US national immunization program has significantly reduced the incidence, mortality, and economic burden of pneumococcal disease (PD) caused by specific serotypes. However, there is still a clinical and economic burden due to PD caused by serotypes not included in the current PCV formulation. The recent approval of 15-valent and 20-valent PCVs in the US provides additional serotype coverage and has the potential to address this unmet need and reduce the burden of PD.
Article
Immunology
Leah J. Ricketson, Julie A. Bettinger, Manish Sadarangani, Scott A. Halperin, James D. Kellner
Summary: An indirect cohort analysis was conducted to examine the vaccine effectiveness of the 7-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines against invasive pneumococcal disease in children in Canada. The study found that PCV7 had an effectiveness of 96% and PCV13 had an effectiveness of 55% against vaccine serotypes. PCV13 had lower effectiveness against serotypes 3 and 19A but still provided good protection against other serotypes.
Article
Immunology
Robert Cohen, Corinne Levy, Naim Ouldali, Marie Goldrey, Stephane Bechet, Stephane Bonacorsi, Emmanuelle Varon
Summary: Most non-PCV13 serotypes had low invasive disease potential, while among serotypes with the highest invasive disease potential, most are included in PCV20 vaccine.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kristiana Alexandrova Nikolova, Mikael Andersson, Hans-Christian Slotved, Anders Koch
Summary: The introduction of PCV13 in Greenland's childhood vaccination program in 2010 led to a decrease in overall incidence rates of IPD, with a significant decrease in children but a notable increase among the elderly. The incidence of vaccine serotype IPD decreased across all ages, while non-vaccine serotype IPD increased during the post-PCV13 period, particularly among the elderly aged 60 years and above. Continued surveillance of IPD in the Greenlandic population is needed to monitor the trend.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Heidi Smith-Vaughan, Beth Temple, Vo Thi Trang Dai, Pham Thi Hoan, Ho Nguyen Loc Thuy, Thanh V. Phan, Kathryn Bright, Nguyen Trong Toan, Doan Y. Uyen, Cattram Duong Nguyen, Jemima Beissbarth, Belinda Daniela Ortika, Monica Larissa Nation, Eileen Margaret Dunne, Jason Hinds, Jana Lai, Catherine Satzke, Tran Ngoc Huu, Kim Mulholland
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of different pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) schedules on carriage rates and found that the 3 + 1, 2 + 1, 3 + 0, and two-dose schedules were effective in reducing vaccine-type carriage. In Vietnam, there were no discernible differences in carriage rates between the 2 + 1 and 3 + 0 schedules during the first two years of life.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Estelle Meroc, Mark A. A. Fletcher, Germaine Hanquet, Mary P. E. Slack, Marc Baay, Kyla Hayford, Bradford D. D. Gessner, Lindsay R. R. Grant
Summary: Higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20) have been developed to tackle the disease burden caused by non-vaccine serotypes. This review provides an overview of the epidemiological characteristics of serotypes beyond PCV13, analyzing their association with different diseases and their antimicrobial non-susceptibility. The findings can contribute to informed decision-making regarding the choice and use of higher valency PCVs.
Article
Immunology
Ron Dagan, Shalom Ben-Shimol, David Greenberg, Noga Givon-Lavi
Summary: This study examined the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on bacterial conjunctivitis incidence in children aged 2-23 months in southern Israel. The implementation of PCV13 resulted in a significant decline in disease caused by PCV13 serotypes without significant replacement by non-PCV13 serotypes. The findings suggest a marked reduction in overall conjunctivitis rates in children under 2 years of age.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Karen S. Tiley, Helen Ratcliffe, Merryn Voysey, Kimberley Jefferies, Gemma Sinclair, Melanie Carr, Rachel Colin-Jones, David Smith, Jaclyn Bowman, Thomas Hart, Rama Kandasamy, Jason Hinds, Katherine Gould, Guy Berbers, Irina Tcherniaeva, Hannah Robinson, Emma Plested, Parvinder Aley, Matthew D. Snape
Summary: Pneumococcal carriage in children aged 13-48 months remained stable between 2014-2015 and 2017-2019, both overall and for individual serotypes, with the exception of an increase in serotype 7C. More than 20% of children carried the additional serotypes contained in PCV20.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yan Li, Huaqing Wang, Wesley Furnback, Bruce C. M. Wang, Shuiqing Zhu, Peng Dong
Summary: The study found that vaccinating infants with PCV13 in cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Karamay, Qingdao, and Suzhou is a cost-effective strategy, especially when considering both direct and indirect effects. Vaccination has significant benefits for infant health and improves quality of life while remaining cost-effective.
Article
Microbiology
Catarina Silva-Costa, Joana Gomes-Silva, Ines Teodoro, Mario Ramirez, Jose Melo-Cristino
Summary: The introduction of PCV13 in Portugal's national immunization plan led to a stabilization in the proportion of PCV13 serotypes causing IPD in adults after three years with a high uptake rate. The increase in serotype 8 IPD was a factor driving the increased coverage of the PPV23 vaccine. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with older age and specific serotypes.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kwame Owusu-Edusei, Arijita Deb, Kelly D. Johnson
Summary: Despite the availability of vaccines, pneumococcal disease (PD) continues to cause a high clinical and economic burden. This study examined the epidemiologic and economic burden of V114 serotypes of pneumococcal disease among adults in the USA, finding that V114 serotypes are associated with a substantial health and economic burden.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Qian-qian Du, Wei Shi, Dan Yu, Kai-hu Yao
Summary: The universal administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has been proven effective in preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, but it only provides immunity against vaccine serotypes. The prevalence and pathogenicity of non-vaccine serotypes have raised concerns after universal vaccination. Future focus should be on emerging and spreading NVTs for serotype epidemiological survey and vaccine optimization.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ron Dagan, Qin Jiang, Christine Juergens, James Trammel, William C. Gruber, Daniel A. Scott
Summary: This study found that carrier-induced hyporesponsiveness to PCVs is common among infants, varies by serotype, and is influenced by the timing of carriage acquisition and the number of PCV doses administered. The immune response was consistently lower for certain serotypes carried before or at the time of vaccination, while other serotypes did not generally affect immune responses. Additionally, the study identified a complex interrelationship between carriage and immune response among cross-reacting serotypes.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lassane Kabore, Tolulope Adebanjo, Berthe Marie Njanpop-Lafourcade, Soumeya Ouangraoua, Felix T. Tarbangdo, Bertrand Meda, Srinivasan Velusamy, Brice Bicaba, Flavien Ake, Lesley McGee, Seydou Yaro, Edouard Betsem, Alain Gervaix, Bradford D. Gessner, Cynthia G. Whitney, Jennifer C. Moisi, Chris A. Van Beneden
Summary: Within 3 years of PCV13 implementation in Burkina Faso, substantial reductions in the percentage of pneumococcal carriers with a vaccine-type were documented among children under 5 years old, but not among individuals aged 5 years and above. More time, a change in the PCV13 schedule, or both, may be needed to better control pneumococcal carriage in this setting.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Adriano Arguedas, Krzysztof Trzcinski, Katherine L. O'Brien, Daniela M. Ferreira, Anne L. Wyllie, Daniel Weinberger, Leon Danon, Stephen I. Pelton, Chiara Azzari, Laura L. Hammitt, Raquel Sa-Leao, Maria-Cristina C. Brandileone, Samir Saha, Jose Suaya, Raul Isturiz, Luis Jodar, Bradford D. Gessner
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Sonia T. Almeida, Ana Cristina Paulo, Filipe Froes, Herminia de Lencastre, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: The study found that the pneumococcal carrier state in healthy adults is more dynamic than generally assumed, with frequent acquisition and often long duration of carriage. This suggests that some adults may act as reservoirs of pneumococci, impacting the potential herd effects achievable through children vaccination depending on the community's social structure. These findings are important for designing strategies to prevent pneumococcal disease in adults.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sofia Felix, Desiree Henares, Carmen Munoz-Almagro, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: This study found a high frequency of pneumococcal multiple serotype carriage in children with invasive pneumococcal disease, with some nasopharyngeal samples carrying pneumococcal serotypes different from the ones causing disease. Further investigation is needed to determine the importance of multiple serotype carriage in the onset and progression of pneumococcal infection.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sonia T. Almeida, A. Cristina Paulo, Joao Babo, Joao Borralho, Catarina Figueiredo, Bruno Goncalves, Joao Lanca, Monica Louro, Hermes Morais, Joana Queiroz, Herminia de Lencastre, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: This study adds novel information about the MRSA scenario in the Portuguese community and suggests that MRSA does not appear to circulate among healthy adults without risk factors in Portugal.
Article
Immunology
Sofia Felix, Sara Handem, Sonia Nunes, Ana Cristina Paulo, Catarina Candeias, Carina Valente, Alexandra S. Simoes, Sonia T. Almeida, Debora A. Tavares, Antonio Brito-Avo, Herminia de Lencastre, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: In Portugal, private use of PCV13 led to significant changes in the pneumococcal population carried by children, resulting in a decrease in carriage of PCV7 serotypes and a significant reduction in the carriage of non-PCV7 serotypes targeted by PCV13.
Article
Biology
Joshua C. D'Aeth, Mark P. G. van der Linden, Lesley McGee, Herminia de Lencastre, Paul Turner, Jae-Hoon Song, Stephanie W. Lo, Rebecca A. Gladstone, Raquel Sa-Leao, Kwan Soo Ko, William P. Hanage, Robert F. Breiman, Bernard Beall, Stephen D. Bentley, Nicholas J. Croucher
Summary: Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae emerged through interspecies homologous recombination of core genome loci and acquisition of gene cassettes in lineages PMEN3 and PMEN9. These lineages spread globally and locally, respectively, with resistance cassettes originating from other species.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexandra Sofia Simoes, Tiago Touret, Nuno Alexandre Faria, Susana Peres Ladeiro, Joao Costa, Soraia Bispo, Monica Serrano, Carlos Palos, Maria Miragaia, Ricardo Bastos Leite, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: The use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) to analyze the genetic relatedness of CRKP isolates confirmed a high correlation between clinical and environmental strains.
ACTA MEDICA PORTUGUESA
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sonia Tavares Almeida, Ana Cristina Paulo, Herminia de Lencastre, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals in Portugal is high, but it is low in the community, which may be due to the low sensitivity of classical culture-based methods (CCBM). Reanalyzing samples using a semi-selective enrichment medium and qPCR method slightly improved the detection rate of MRSA in the community. Overall, MRSA circulation among senior adults in the community in Portugal is low.
MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. Cristina Paulo, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: Understanding the response of pneumococci to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is important for predicting the impact of future vaccines. This study used a 20-year dataset of pneumococci carried by Portuguese children and community ecology methods to examine community assembly and diversity following the introduction of PCV7 and PCV13. The results showed two successional stages, with a peak in diversity observed at intermediate vaccine uptake levels. Serotype replacement followed an exponential decay model and the half-life for replacement was longer for PCV13 than PCV7. The structure of the pneumococcal community is resilient to vaccine pressure, but the loss of diversity suggests a potential threshold beyond which recovery may be difficult.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Catarina Candeias, Sofia Felix, Sara Handem, Herminia de Lencastre, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: In Portugal, the private use of PCV13 from 2010 to 2015 led to serotype replacement and increased antimicrobial susceptibility among pneumococcal strains carried by children. Genotyping of pneumococcal isolates collected from day care centers in two regions of Portugal revealed clonal changes and the emergence of multidrug-resistant lineages expressing non-PCV13 serotypes. This study highlights the significant clonal composition changes triggered by the private use of PCV13 in Portugal.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
A. Cristina Paulo, Joao Lanca, Sonia T. Almeida, Markus Hilty, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: This study investigated the composition of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal microbiota in healthy adults and found significant differences between the two. The presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, smoking habits, and contact with children were identified as important factors influencing the microbiota in the upper respiratory tract of adults.
Article
Microbiology
Desiree Henares, Stephanie W. Lo, Amaresh Perez-Arguello, Alba Redin, Pilar Ciruela, Juan Jose Garcia-Garcia, Pedro Brotons, Jose Yuste, Raquel Sa-Leao, Carmen Munoz-Almagro
Summary: This study compared serological typing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) for determining the capsular types of pneumococci causing invasive disease. Different bioinformatics pipelines were used for short-read and long-read data from WGS. The results showed high concordance between serological typing and WGS-based pipelines, with some discrepancies observed at the serotype level within serogroups.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)