Article
Plant Sciences
Andras Cseh, Andrea Lenyko-Thegze, Diana Makai, Fanni Szabados, Kamiran Aron Hamow, Zsolt Gulyas, Tibor Kiss, Ildiko Karsai, Blanka Moncsek, Edit Mihok, Adel Sepsi
Summary: Mutations in wheat genes Rht-B1a and Rht-D1a cause gibberellin-insensitive dwarfism and have played a crucial role in increasing yield during the 'Green Revolution'. Heat stress during the early reproductive stage negatively impacts the fertility of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b wheat lines. Chromosome synapsis defects and meiotic errors contribute to reduced fertility. The identification and incorporation of new dwarfing alleles is important for developing climate-resilient wheat varieties.
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Stephen Pearce
Summary: A study has found a new dwarfing allele, Rht18, which reduces plant height similarly to traditional dwarfing genes but without impacting coleoptile length. This could offer potential for optimizing wheat height according to specific environmental conditions.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dengan Xu, Qianlin Hao, Tingzhi Yang, Xinru Lv, Huimin Qin, Yalin Wang, Chenfei Jia, Wenxing Liu, Xuehuan Dai, Jianbin Zeng, Hongsheng Zhang, Zhonghu He, Xianchun Xia, Shuanghe Cao, Wujun Ma
Summary: Wheat coleoptile, which delivers the first leaf from embryo to the soil surface, was studied. Three QTL for coleoptile length were mapped, and the Rht-B1 gene was identified as a regulator for coleoptile development. The regulatory mechanism of Rht-B1b in coleoptile development was explored, and its potential application in improving seedling early vigor in arid regions was discussed.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Songyue Chai, Qin Yao, Xu Zhang, Xue Xiao, Xing Fan, Jian Zeng, Lina Sha, Houyang Kang, Haiqin Zhang, Jun Li, Yonghong Zhou, Yi Wang
Summary: The study revealed that Rht-dp is actually the "Green Revolution" gene Rht-B1b, which regulates pathways related to hormones, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen assimilation to modify the cell wall structure, thereby causing dwarfism in Dwarf Polish wheat.
Article
Agronomy
Betul Sade, Amir M. H. Ibrahim, Nithya Subramanian, Jackie Rudd, Shuyu Liu, Gigi Opena, Stephen Baenziger
Summary: This study focused on phenotyping the floral characteristics of advanced yield trials in the Texas A&M AgriLife wheat breeding pipeline, and found significant genetic variation for agronomic and floral traits as well as height reduction markers. Male traits showed high heritability and could be improved through selection and breeding, while female traits had lower heritability estimates and need further refinement and validation in controlled environments.
AGROSYSTEMS GEOSCIENCES & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Zachary James Winn, Dylan Lee Larkin, Jamison Trey Murry, David Earl Moon, Richard Esten Mason
Summary: Capturing wheat anther images using a mobile device, measuring anther area and number with ImageJ software, proposed as an alternative method to assess on-field anther extrusion and anther size quantitatively.
Article
Soil Science
Xin Wang, Jianbo Shen, Peter Hedden, Andrew L. Phillips, Stephen G. Thomas, Yaoxiang Ge, Rhys W. Ashton, William R. Whalley
Summary: This study found that under sufficient phosphorus supply, mechanical impedance significantly reduces the growth of wheat seedlings, but does not affect growth under low phosphorus supply. The interaction between mechanical impedance and phosphorus levels has significant effects on most plant traits, indicating a clear physical and nutritional interaction.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
McKenna M. Brown, John M. Martin, Emma M. Jobson, Andrew C. Hogg, Patrick M. Carr, Michael J. Giroux
Summary: This study aimed to increase wheat yield by identifying new allelic combinations or generating useful variations, particularly by altering the Rht gene to impact tiller number and seed traits. By studying durum wheat plants with different Rht alleles, it was found that the Rht-B1b-E529K allele resulted in intermediate plant height and coleoptile length, bridging the gap between standard height and semidwarf varieties. This research highlights the potential of hypomorphic Rht alleles in optimizing wheat height for increased yield in various growing conditions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Takashi Okada, J. E. A. Ridma M. Jayasinghe, Paul Eckermann, Nathan S. Watson-Haigh, Patricia Warner, Mark E. Williams, Marc C. Albertsen, Ute Baumann, Ryan Whitford
Summary: Hybrid breeding in wheat has the potential to increase yields, and the winter wheat cultivar Piko has been identified as a superior pollinator with favorable traits. Genetic analysis of a Piko-derived population revealed associations between the Rht-D1 and Ppd-B1 loci and pollinator traits, as well as a novel anther extrusion QTL on chromosome 6A showing segregation distortion.
FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karel Van de Velde, Stephen G. Thomas, Floor Heyse, Rim Kaspar, Dominique Van Der Straeten, Antje Rohde
Summary: The Green Revolution's unprecedented wheat yield increases were achieved through the introduction of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b semi-dwarfing alleles, encoding N-terminal truncated proteins that cause dwarfism without affecting dormancy, through translational reinitiation. The study also demonstrated the degradation process of wild-type RHT-1 proteins in response to gibberellin in wheat organs, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the agronomic traits.
Article
Agronomy
Kamal Khadka, Mina Kaviani, Manish N. Raizada, Alireza Navabi
Summary: Nepal is experiencing increased early-season drought due to climate change. The introduction of reduced height alleles in wheat unintentionally reduced coleoptile length and growth plasticity in seedlings, making them less suitable for deep seeding. However, potential semi-dwarf wheat accessions with long and plastic coleoptiles suited for deep sowing have been identified, offering promise for breeding varieties resistant to early-season drought.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Oksana Okhrymovych, Galyna Chebotar, Sabina Chebotar, Ivan Motsny
Summary: This study evaluated the direct and pleiotropic effects of Rht-B1b and Rht-B1e alleles on main agronomic traits of winter wheat in the south steppe region of Ukraine. Differences were found in their influence on traits such as plant height, thousand kernel weight, total protein content, and absolute protein content of thousand kernels. Rht-B1e reduced plant height more dramatically than Rht-B1b, with differing effects on other important agronomic characteristics of winter wheat.
ZEMDIRBYSTE-AGRICULTURE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Tomasz Mroz, Jon Arne Dieseth, Morten Lillemo
Summary: Adaptation to the Norwegian environment is linked to the Vrn-A1 locus and historical selection for grain yield in Nordic wheat is associated with the TaGS5-3A and TaCol-5 loci. Grain yields in Norwegian spring wheat have been increasing due to the introduction of new varieties, with improvements in number of grains per spike and length of the vegetative period.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ting Tang, Tina Botwright Acuna, Wolfgang Spielmeyer, Richard A. Richards
Summary: The study found that although Rht18 and Rht-D1b have almost the same height, Rht18 has longer coleoptiles. There were no differences in time to terminal spikelet and anthesis, and few differences in stem or spike growth between the two genes. Overall, there were no differences detected that could prevent the adoption of Rht18 in wheat breeding to overcome some of the limitations associated with the 'Green Revolution' genes.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shlomi Aharon, Aviya Fadida-Myers, Kamal Nashef, Roi Ben-David, Ran N. Lati, Zvi Peleg
Summary: Chemical weed-control is effective for wheat, but herbicide-resistant weeds pose a threat, leading to the need for non-chemical practices. Integrating alternative dwarfing genes into wheat cultivars can enhance early vigor and weed-competitiveness, with specific lines showing promise for sustainable wheat production.
Article
Agronomy
Tomasz Mroz, Jon Arne Dieseth, Morten Lillemo
Summary: Spring wheat is the dominant wheat variety in Norway. Breeding efforts have focused on improving lodging and preharvest sprouting resistance, as well as breadmaking quality. Although new cultivars have been developed, little is known about the genetic basis of yield gains.
Article
Agronomy
Merlijn Morisse, Darren M. Wells, Emilie J. Millet, Morten Lillemo, Sven Fahrner, Francesco Cellini, Peter Lootens, Onno Muller, Juan M. Herrera, Alison R. Bentley, Michela Janni
Summary: To address the challenges of future food security, innovative technologies are needed to accelerate crop production. Plant phenotyping methods have advanced significantly, and field-based phenotyping plays a crucial role in capturing plant responses to the environment for breeding and selection requirements.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Xinyao He, Muhammad Rezaul Kabir, Krishna K. Roy, Felix Marza, Aakash Chawade, Etienne Duveiller, Carolina Saint Pierre, Pawan K. Singh
Summary: In this study, two recombinant inbred line populations were used to map QTL associated with head blast resistance in wheat. A major QTL was identified on the 2NS/2AS translocation region in both populations, along with several additional QTL on different chromosomes. The results confirmed the importance of the 2NS/2AS translocation in wheat blast resistance and identified some novel QTL for potential use in breeding programs, while also suggesting the need for further investigation into QTL with higher and more stable effects.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nerida Lozano-Ramirez, Susanne Dreisigacker, Carolina P. Sansaloni, Xinyao He, Sergio Sandoval Islas, Paulino Perez-Rodriguez, Aquiles Carballo Carballo, Cristian Nava-Diaz, Masahiro Kishii, Pawan K. Singh
Summary: Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) has been found to have effective resistance to tan spot, a foliar disease caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Through evaluation and genotyping of 443 SHW plants, 30 significant marker-trait associations were identified, providing important candidate lines for wheat breeding with improved resistance to tan spot.
Article
Plant Sciences
Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem, Heidi Udnes Aamot, Morten Lillemo, Espen Sannes Sorensen, Guro Brodal, Aina Lundon Russenes, Simon G. Edwards, Ingerd Skow Hofgaard
Summary: This study conducted a functional data analysis of weather-based time series data linked to DON content in Norwegian oats and identified weather patterns associated with increased DON levels. Oat fields with elevated DON levels generally had warmer weather around sowing, and lower temperatures and higher relative humidity or rain prior to flowering onwards, compared to fields with low DON levels. Functional data analysis was found to be a useful tool to reveal weather patterns of importance for DON development in oats.
Article
Agronomy
Vinay Kumar Reddy Nannuru, Susanne S. Windju, Tatiana Belova, Jon Arne Dieseth, Muath Alsheikh, Yanhong Dong, Curt A. McCartney, Maria Antonia Henriques, Hermann Buerstmayr, Sebastian Michel, Theodorus H. E. Meuwissen, Morten Lillemo
Summary: This study identified several QTL associated with FHB disease resistance in a panel of spring wheat. The research found a highly significant QTL on chromosome 7A that played a consistent role in FHB resistance. The findings provide valuable information for breeders to improve FHB resistance in wheat cultivars.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Osval Antonio Montesinos-Lopez, Henry Nicole Gonzalez, Abelardo Montesinos-Lopez, Maria Daza-Torres, Morten Lillemo, Jose Cricelio Montesinos-Lopez, Jose Crossa
Summary: Genomic selection is a predictive methodology that is changing plant breeding. In this study, the performance of two algorithms (TGBLUP and GBM) was compared on wheat datasets, and GBM outperformed TGBLUP in terms of prediction accuracy. Further research is encouraged to explore the virtues of GBM in genomic selection.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Rahul M. Phuke, Xinyao He, Philomin Juliana, Muhammad R. Kabir, Krishna K. Roy, Felix Marza, Chandan Roy, Gyanendra P. Singh, Aakash Chawade, Arun K. Joshi, Pawan K. Singh
Summary: Wheat blast (WB) is a devastating fungal disease that poses a threat to wheat production in India. This study identified the 2NS translocation as the main source of resistance in Indian wheat genotypes. Wheat genotypes carrying the 2NS translocation showed better resistance, highlighting the need to find novel non-2NS resistance sources and genomic regions.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Nerida Lozano-Ramirez, Susanne Dreisigacker, Carolina P. Sansaloni, Xinyao He, Jose Sergio Sandoval-Islas, Paulino Perez-Rodriguez, Aquiles Carballo Carballo, Cristian Nava Diaz, Masahiro Kishii, Pawan K. Singh
Summary: This study evaluated the resistance of 441 synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) lines to spot blotch (SB) and identified potential genomic regions associated with the disease. The results showed high levels of resistance in the SHW panel and identified significant marker-trait associations for SB resistance through genome-wide association study (GWAS).
Article
Agronomy
Fahimeh Shahinnia, Manuel Geyer, Friederike Schuermann, Sabine Rudolphi, Josef Holzapfel, Hubert Kempf, Melanie Stadlmeier, Franziska Loeschenberger, Laura Morales, Hermann Buerstmayr, Julio Isidro Y. Sanchez, Deniz Akdemir, Volker Mohler, Morten Lillemo, Lorenz Hartl
Summary: Two loci on chromosomes 2BS and 6AL were found to significantly contribute to stripe rust resistance in current European winter wheat germplasm. These findings provide valuable information for the breeding programs aimed at developing rust resistant cultivars. Genomic association analysis identified 12 SNP markers on six wheat chromosomes that consistently showed effects on adult plant stripe rust resistance. Two highly predictive markers on chromosomes 2BS and 6AL were validated in three independent populations, indicating their potential for efficient selection of resistant cultivars.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Min Lin, Andrea Ficke, Jon Arne Dieseth, Morten Lillemo
Summary: A new QTL, QSnb.nmbu-2AS, for SNB resistance was discovered in both winter and spring wheat panels, which can significantly contribute to SNB resistance breeding. Genome-wide association studies identified 10 common QTL on 11 wheat chromosomes, and one QTL on chromosome 2A showed consistent and significant effects in both panels. However, the presence of resistant haplotypes in Nordic wheat cultivars is relatively low, indicating the potential of integrating this QTL in SNB resistance breeding programs. Furthermore, stacking resistant alleles of the detected QTL showed clear and significant additive effects, suggesting the potential application of marker-assisted selection in SNB resistance breeding.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Christina Cowger, Peter Bulli, Feng Chen, Morten Lillemo, Marco Maccaferri
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guillermo Garcia-Barrios, Jose Crossa, Serafin Cruz-Izquierdo, Victor Heber Aguilar-Rincon, J. Sergio Sandoval-Islas, Tarsicio Corona-Torres, Nerida Lozano-Ramirez, Susanne Dreisigacker, Xinyao He, Pawan Kumar Singh, Rosa Angela Pacheco-Gil
Summary: Genomic prediction is used to predict breeding values based on molecular and phenotypic data. This study evaluated the performance of different models in predicting disease resistance in synthetic hexaploid wheat. The results showed that the combination of genomic and pedigree information (A+G BLUP) had the highest prediction accuracy, while the single trait and multi-trait models had similar accuracies. This suggests that the use of genomic information can improve breeding programs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Gabija Vaitkeviciute, Aakash Chawade, Morten Lillemo, Zilvinas Liatukas, Andrius Aleliunas, Rita Armoniene, Tomoki Hoshino, Eri Ogiso-Tanaka, Prakit Somta
Summary: Climate change and global food security efforts are increasing the demand for adaptable crops in higher latitude temperate regions. This study evaluated the freezing tolerance (FT) of 160 winter wheat genotypes and identified germplasm with high FT. Differences in FT were observed based on country of origin, release years, and culton type. FT measurements under controlled conditions were shown to correlate with overwintering survival scores in the field, validating its reliability as a high-throughput method for FT evaluation. Genome-wide association studies revealed SNP markers associated with FT, and candidate genes were identified for introduction into winter wheat breeding programs in the Nordic region.
Article
Agronomy
Lei Wu, Xinyao He, Muhammad Rezaul Kabir, Krishna K. Roy, Md. Babul Anwar, Felix Marza, Yi He, Peng Jiang, Xu Zhang, Pawan K. Singh
Summary: By conducting field experiments and genome-wide association studies on a panel of bread wheat accessions, including Chinese and CIMMYT-Mexico germplasm, the genetic basis and resistant lines for wheat blast resistance have been identified, providing valuable information for resistance breeding against wheat blast.
