Article
Clinical Neurology
Ann C. Mckee, Jesse Mez, Bobak Abdolmohammadi, Morgane Butler, Bertrand Russell Huber, Madeline Uretsky, Katharine Babcock, Jonathan D. Cherry, Victor E. Alvarez, Brett Martin, Yorghos Tripodis, Joseph N. Palmisano, Kerry A. Cormier, Caroline A. Kubilus, Raymond Nicks, Daniel Kirsch, Ian Mahar, Lisa Mchale, Christopher Nowinski, Robert C. Cantu, Robert A. Stern, Daniel Daneshvar, Lee E. Goldstein, Douglas I. Katz, Neil W. Kowall, Brigid Dwyer, Thor D. Stein, Michael L. Alosco
Summary: This case series found that young contact sport athletes exposed to repetitive head impacts are at risk for long-term neuropathologic disorders, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Regardless of CTE status, these young brain donors exhibited high symptomatic rates, and the causes of symptoms are likely multifactorial. Future studies involving young brain donors unexposed to repetitive head impacts are needed to clarify the associations among exposure, white matter and microvascular pathologic findings, CTE, and clinical symptoms.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Charles Bernick, Guogen Shan, Lauren Bennett, Jay Alberts, Jeffrey Cummings
Summary: The study aimed to create a composite instrument for detecting changes in cognitive and behavioral function over time in individuals exposed to repetitive head impacts. Data from the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study were used to establish a weighted linear value of standardized scores, showing better sensitivity compared to individual measures.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Steve J. Stephen, Linda Hasman, May Goldenberg, Kian Merchant-Borna, Keisuke Kawata, Rebekah Mannix, Jeffrey J. Bazarian
Summary: Through a scoping review, it was found that the evidence linking contact sports-related repetitive head impacts and short-term declines in neurologic function is relatively sparse and lacking in methodological rigor. Further research with more careful trial design may be needed to definitively establish a causal link.
JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kuo-Hsuan Chang, Chia-Ni Lin, Chiung-Mei Chen, Rong-Kuo Lyu, Chun-Che Chu, Ming-Feng Liao, Chin-Chang Huang, Hong-Shiu Chang, Long-Sun Ro, Hung-Chou Kuo
Summary: This study identified a panel of metabolites correlated with disease severity in ALS, some of which show potential as biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic effects. Machine learning algorithms using selected metabolites achieved good performance in distinguishing ALS patients from normal controls.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shaochang Wu, Fan Yang, Shan Chao, Bo Wang, Wuqian Wang, He Li, Limei Yu, Lin He, Xingwang Li, Liya Sun, Shengying Qin
Summary: This study identified significant changes in blood leukocyte DNA methylome profiles in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and found DNA methylation biomarkers associated with MCI and AD. It also revealed potential biomarkers for MCI and AD and highlighted epigenetically dysregulated gene networks that may contribute to cognitive impairment and AD progression.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Breton M. Asken, Jeremy A. Tanner, Lawren VandeVrede, Kaitlin B. Casaletto, Adam M. Staffaroni, Nidhi Mundada, Corrina Fonseca, Leonardo Iaccarino, Renaud La Joie, Torie Tsuei, Miho Mladinov, Harli Grant, Ranjani Shankar, Kevin K. W. Wang, Haiyan Xu, Yann Cobigo, Howie Rosen, Raquel C. Gardner, David C. Perry, Bruce L. Miller, Salvatore Spina, William W. Seeley, Joel H. Kramer, Lea T. Grinberg, Gil D. Rabinovici
Summary: This article reports the clinicopathological findings of nine patients with a history of repetitive head impacts. The study found that multiple neuropathological changes were associated with cognitive and neurological impairments in these patients. However, caution should be exercised in attributing these changes solely to CTE tau pathology in diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Joseph Ojo, Max Eisenbaum, Ben Shackleton, Cillian Lynch, Utsav Joshi, Nicole Saltiel, Andrew Pearson, Charis Ringland, Daniel Paris, Benoit Mouzon, Michael Mullan, Fiona Crawford, Corbin Bachmeier
Summary: Tau deposition in the brain following repetitive traumatic brain injury is believed to be influenced by decreased tau uptake by cerebral vascular mural cells, leading to chronic mural cell degeneration. These findings suggest that altering tau uptake by vascular mural cells could be a potential therapeutic target for TBI and other neurodegenerative disorders.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Patricia R. Roby, Peter Duquette, Zachary Y. Kerr, Johna Register-Mihalik, Lee Stoner, Jason P. Mihalik
Summary: This study used transcranial Doppler to evaluate cerebrovascular function in student-athletes participating in collision and non-collision sports, finding differences in cerebrovascular outcomes between the two groups at the end of the season.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Charles Bernick, Guogen Shan, Aaron Ritter, Nicholas J. Ashton, Kaj Blennow, Juan Lantero-Rodriguez, Anniina Snellman, Henrik Zetterberg
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between blood biomarkers and cognitive function and brain volumes in professional fighters. The results suggest that longitudinal plasma GFAP levels may play a role in identifying individuals at risk of progressive brain atrophy and cognitive decline.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joshua Leaston, Ju Qiao, Ian C. Harding, Praveen Kulkarni, Codi Gharagouzloo, Eno Ebong, Craig F. Ferris
Summary: This exploratory study evaluated the feasibility of using the QUTE-CE imaging modality to monitor blood brain barrier pathology in response to mild head impacts. The results showed measurable effects on blood brain barrier permeability after single and repetitive mild head impacts, with greater impact seen after the second and third impacts.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Elena M. Bonke, Julia Southard, Thomas A. Buckley, Claus Reinsberger, Inga K. Koerte, David R. Howell
Summary: This systematic review investigated the association between repetitive head impacts and postural control. The findings were heterogeneous, with a tendency towards no significant effects of repetitive head impacts on clinical postural control measures. Future studies on different athlete populations are needed to further explore the effects of repetitive head impacts.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Raymond Nicks, Nathan F. Clement, Victor E. Alvarez, Yorghos Tripodis, Zachery H. Baucom, Bertrand R. Huber, Jesse Mez, Michael L. Alosco, Nurgul Aytan, Jonathan D. Cherry, Kerry A. Cormier, Carol Kubilius, Rebecca Mathias, Sarah E. Svirsky, Morgan J. Pothast, Audrey M. Hildebrandt, Jaeyoon Chung, Xudong Han, John F. Crary, Ann C. McKee, Matthew P. Frosch, Thor D. Stein
Summary: Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and transactive response DNA-binding protein with 43 kDa (TDP-43) deposits are associated with advanced age. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative disease linked to repetitive head impacts, also shows HS and TDP-43 pathology. However, the prevalence of HS in CTE, the pattern of TDP-43 pathology, and associations of HS and TDP-43 with repetitive head impacts are unknown.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lei Chen, Wen-Hui Zheng, Yang Du, Xue-Song Li, Yun Yu, Hua Wang, Yong Cheng
Summary: Patients with first-episode drug-free schizophrenia exhibit unique immune profiles, and antipsychotic medications seem to suppress their immune function. G-CSF and IFN-gamma show good performance in differentiating between patients and healthy controls.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ann C. McKee, Thor D. Stein, Bertrand R. Huber, John F. Crary, Kevin Bieniek, Dennis Dickson, Victor E. Alvarez, Jonathan D. Cherry, Kurt Farrell, Morgane Butler, Madeline Uretsky, Bobak Abdolmohammadi, Michael L. Alosco, Yorghos Tripodis, Jesse Mez, Daniel H. Daneshvar
Summary: There has been a significant increase in scientific research on chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in the past 17 years. CTE has been diagnosed in hundreds of contact sport athletes and others through postmortem examination, and there is a strong causal relationship between repetitive head impacts (RHI) and CTE. The neuropathological features of CTE are unique, and the NINDS-NIBIB criteria have greatly advanced the diagnosis of CTE.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour, Nirmal R. Kannaiyan, August Jernbom Falk, Sergi Papiol, Urs Heilbronner, Monika Budde, Janos L. Kalman, Eva C. Schulte, Marcella Rietschel, Stephanie Witt, Andreas J. Forstner, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Markus M. Noethen, Carsten Spitzer, Berend Malchow, Thorsten Mueller, Jens Wiltfang, Peter Falkai, Andrea Schmitt, Moritz J. Rossner, Peter Nilsson, Thomas G. Schulze
Summary: This pilot study used high-throughput antibody-based protein profiling to analyze serum samples from healthy controls, individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ), and individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), aiming to identify differentially expressed proteins in these disorders. The study found that two serum proteins, complement C9 and Interleukin 1 Receptor Accessory Protein, were significantly elevated in BD. Additionally, the proteomics dataset showed significant differences between SCZ and BD. However, the levels of individual proteins and the proteome principal components were not significantly associated with the genetic risk scores for SCZ and BD. These findings suggest that the analysis of circulating proteins could help identify biomarkers for SCZ and BD.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ann Nakashima, Oshin Vartanian, Shawn G. Rhind, Kristen King, Catherine Tenn, Col Rakesh Jetly
Summary: Occupational blast exposure in military personnel may lead to tinnitus, with balance, ataxia, and hearing tests not being sensitive enough to detect these effects. Future studies should include additional information such as exposure history and functional hearing assessments.
Article
Orthopedics
Michael G. Hutchison, Alex P. Di Battista, Kyla L. Pyndiura, Danielle N. Corallo, David W. Lawrence, Doug Richards
Summary: The study found no significant differences in word recall performance between healthy athletes and those with sport-related concussion (SRC). Additionally, females outperformed males in both immediate and delayed recall tasks among healthy athletes. The results suggest that concussion may not impact word recall in the subacute period following injury.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Talwinder Gill, Sarah E. Watling, J. Don Richardson, Tina McCluskey, Junchao Tong, Jeffrey H. Meyer, Jerry Warsh, Rakesh Jetly, Michael G. Hutchison, Shawn G. Rhind, Sylvain Houle, Neil Vasdev, Stephen J. Kish, Isabelle Boileau
Summary: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with astrocyte pathology and a decrease in MAO-B levels. Preliminary results suggest a potential reduction in [C-11]SL25.1188 availability in PTSD patients, especially those with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). These findings are partly consistent with preclinical studies and recent PET observations, but further replication in a larger PTSD cohort is needed.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Cesar A. Hincapie, George A. Tomlinson, Malinda Hapuarachchi, Tatjana Stankovic, Steven Hirsch, Danielle Carnegie, Doug Richards, David Frost, Tyson A. C. Beach
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between Functional Movement Screen (FMS) task scores and maximum joint range of motion (ROM) among university student-athletes. The results showed that athletes with higher FMS task scores had greater ROM compared to those with lower scores. However, there was substantial overlap in joint ROM between different groups of athletes with different FMS task scores, weakening the construct validity of FMS as an indicator of specific joint ROM.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Gillian E. White, Sarah L. West, Catherine Sabiston, Shawn G. Rhind, Paul C. Nathan, Jessica E. Caterini, Heather Jones, Tammy Rayner, Ruth Weiss, Greg D. Wells
Summary: Exercise intolerance is a common adverse effect seen in children with cancer, and most studies have focused on the central cardiovascular deficiencies as the cause of reduced aerobic fitness. However, this study investigates the involvement of peripheral musculature using noninvasive phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma exhibit altered peripheral skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise, which could be attributed to both deconditioning and the direct effects of chemotherapy.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathan W. Churchill, Alex P. Di Battista, Shawn G. Rhind, Doug Richards, Tom A. Schweizer, Michael G. Hutchison
Summary: Concussion may lead to disrupted cerebral blood flow, with varying individual responses. Higher levels of MMP-2 and MMP-3 were found to be correlated with lower global CBF in concussed individuals. There is also spatial specificity in the relationship between MMP levels and CBF, particularly in the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michael R. Miller, Alicia DiBattista, Maitray A. Patel, Mark Daley, Catherine Tenn, Ann Nakashima, Shawn G. Rhind, Oshin Vartanian, Maria Y. Shiu, Norleen Caddy, Michelle Garrett, Doug Saunders, Ingrid Smith, Rakesh Jetly, Douglas D. Fraser
Summary: This study identified candidate biomarkers for chronic blast exposure in military personnel using metabolomics profiling. These biomarkers may aid in surveillance and care for military personnel and could potentially be used for point-of-care screening.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Gillian W. White, Shawn G. Rhind, Paul C. Nathan, Jessica E. Caterini, Heather N. P. Jones, Greg D. Wells
Summary: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors show similar stress responses to healthy controls, but with lower sympatho-adrenal-medullary reactivity. Altered stress regulation may modulate long-term health in this population.
PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Michael G. Hutchison, Alex P. Di Battista, Kyla Pyndiura, Shirley Blanc, Patrick T. Quaid, Doug Richards
Summary: NPC testing is a convenient screening tool in the sport setting, but the incidence of remote NPC after sport-related concussion (SRC) in university athletes is not well defined. This study aimed to examine the incidence of remote NPC after SRC in a cohort of Canadian interuniversity athletes.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael G. Hutchison, Alex P. Di Battista, David W. Lawrence, Kyla Pyndiura, Danielle Corallo, Doug Richards
Summary: This study aimed to examine the effect of a readily accessible, structured aerobic exercise intervention on the recovery process of sport-related concussion patients. The results showed that the structured aerobic exercise protocol led to faster attainment of asymptomatic status and medical clearance compared to usual care exercise prescription. Additionally, the symptom severity was lower in the structured aerobic exercise group throughout the trial.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Michael G. Hutchison, Alex P. Di Battista, Matthew M. Loenhart
Summary: Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise in alleviating symptoms following concussion. However, recommendations for exercise modality are often limited to traditional equipment. The use of mobile apps and digital technologies could expand the options for exercise modalities and improve concussion care.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Avideh Gharehgazlou, Rakesh Jetly, Shawn G. Rhind, Amy C. Reichelt, Leodante Da Costa, Benjamin T. Dunkley
Summary: Cortical gyrification, a measure derived from magnetic resonance imaging, is not well-studied in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This study found that mTBI adversely affects cortical gyrification morphology in the frontal and temporal lobes, which are susceptible regions to mTBI. Age-related decreases in cortical gyrification were also observed.
NEUROTRAUMA REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Oshin Vartanian, Shawn G. Rhind, Ann Nakashima, Catherine Tenn, Timothy K. Lam, Maria Shiu, Norleen Caddy, Kristen King, Alexi Natale, Rakesh Jetly
Summary: The study found that breachers and snipers who had a history of repetitive exposure to low-level blast had more severe post-concussive symptoms but no poorer mental health outcomes compared to controls. This suggests that post-concussive symptoms and mental health outcomes might be dissociable when assessing the impact of repetitive low-level blast exposure in the context of training and operations.
JOURNAL OF MILITARY VETERAN AND FAMILY HEALTH
(2022)