Article
Environmental Sciences
Robert E. Kopp
Summary: Land-grant universities in the USA, established during the Civil War, have been crucial in democratizing scientific knowledge and tackling various challenges. Lessons from their experience can be applied to modern universities facing urgent Anthropocene challenges, including establishing boundary organizations, integrating engagement, focusing on values, and promoting cooperation across institutions and sectors.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hui Zhou, Yansha Deng, Luca Feltrin, Andreas Hoglund
Summary: This study explores the RA schemes for supporting small data transmission in 5G NR and compares their performance and energy consumption. The results show that the 2-step SDT RA scheme has advantages in overall packet transmission success probability and average energy consumption.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Norbert L. W. Wilson, Lurleen M. Walters, Tara Wade, Kenesha Reynolds
Summary: This article evaluates the competitive grant funding provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) to different types of land grant institutions. It discusses the disparity in funding between primarily White land grant institutions, historically Black land grant institutions, and non-land grant institutions. The findings reveal that historically Black land grant institutions and non-land grant institutions receive less funding compared to primarily White land grant institutions, although this disparity has decreased in recent years.
APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Gaelle Vallee-Tourangeau, Ana Wheelock, Tushna Vandrevala, Priscilla Harris
Summary: This study aims to gain insight into the peer review process by observing experts conducting independent reviews in real time. The analysis shows that reviewers encounter five dilemmas related to the invitation to review, reliance on application information, attention to institutional prestige, comments on non-academic aspects, and the decision to take risks. These dilemmas highlight the diverse values, priorities, and working habits of each reviewer and the need for further reflection and study to improve the peer-reviewing process.
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Nursah Alkan, Cengiz Kahraman
Summary: Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, known as the most widely used fuzzy set extension, allow decision makers to specify membership and non-membership degrees for elements, reflecting their uncertainty. This study aims to develop non-linear continuous intuitionistic fuzzy sets and apply them in multi-criteria decision making models. Utilizing CINFUSs with second-order non-linear functions, the study employs the AHP and TOPSIS methodologies in a fuzzy environment, contributing to the understanding of how higher order non-linear functions can be used in intuitionistic fuzzy sets.
APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Business
Jay H. Hardy, Kian Siong Tey, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Richard F. Martell, Andy Olstad, Eric Luis Uhlmann
Summary: While small gender bias effects were found in hiring managers' evaluations of candidate hireability, qualification levels had a larger impact. Contextual factors may alter but not eliminate the consequences of biased evaluations, even in seemingly optimal hiring scenarios. The study also demonstrated that residual subgroup bias can undermine the effectiveness of otherwise successful targeted recruitment efforts.
JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Athina Anastasaki
Summary: ERC Starting Grants are highly competitive in Europe, offering generous funding for high risk/high gain projects and providing opportunities for academic advancement. However, obtaining these grants is challenging.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Stefano Bianchini, Patrick Llerena, Sila Ocalan-Ozel, Emre Ozel
Summary: This study examines the link between grant proposal peer-review and gender representation in research consortia. The findings show that consortia with a higher proportion of female principal investigators (PI) receive systematically unfavorable evaluations in terms of success rate and scores from panel members and external reviewers.
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Alan Morris, Catherine Robinson, Jan Idle
Summary: This study examines the impact of waiting for social housing on the individuals on the waiting-list in Australia. Using the concept of triple precarity, the study finds that besides experiencing insecure employment and housing, the waitees also have to endure endless waiting, leading to dire living circumstances, difficulty finding employment, and poor health.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yukun Shi, Duchun Wang, Zimeng Zhang
Summary: The categorical evaluation of scientific research efficiency is significant for technological innovation and research management. Results show that basic research has low efficiency but grows faster in total factor productivity, while applied research has high efficiency but grows slower. Universities should consolidate strengths, address weaknesses, optimize research inputs and outputs, and improve research resource utilization efficiency to promote the national innovation system and construction of a powerful nation of science and technology.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Darko Hren, David G. Pina, Christopher R. Norman, Ana Marusic
Summary: This study analyzed reviewers' comments in evaluation reports using a combination of machine learning and qualitative analysis methods. The results showed that the reviewers' comments aligned with the preset evaluation criteria and the evaluation outcome was more influenced by the weaknesses of the proposals.
JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS
(2022)
Article
Social Issues
Izabela Jonek-Kowalska, Anna Musiol-Urbanczyk, Marzena Podgorska, Maciej Wolny
Summary: The study revealed that there are connections between the type and scope of motivation used at universities and the evaluation results of study and scientific activity, with quality research being fostered by support from direct supervisors. Demotivating factors include periodic qualitative assessment and unproductive relationships with the environment.
TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Economics
Ying Shi, Maria Zhu
Summary: The paper provides empirical evidence of the model minority stereotype among Asian Americans in education and examines its consequences. It reveals that teachers tend to rate Asian students higher in academic skills compared to similar White students, even after considering test performance and behavior. This contrasts with teachers' lower favorability towards Black and Hispanic students. Notably, the presence of any Asian student in the classroom widens the assessment gaps between Black-White and Hispanic-White students. This suggests that the ostensibly positive model minority stereotype can have negative impacts on other minority groups.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Chen Chen, Cheng Zhe, Yueyang Zheng, Xiong Xiong, Tong Xiao, Xingfu Lu
Summary: In the context of insufficient scientific research funding, it is necessary to evaluate the level of scientific research from the perspective of sustainable development. This study aims to develop an evaluation index system based on the theories for sustainable competitive advantage to evaluate the sustainable development trend of scientific research in universities. The effectiveness of the evaluation index system is verified using the scores of scientific research in different universities in the 2021 Academic Ranking of World Universities.
Article
Management
Wenyan Liang, Jun Gu, Chris Nyland
Summary: The study found that academic economists with foreign qualifications publish higher quality papers in Chinese journals, the concentration of these scholars in academic departments impacts the research quality of faculty with Chinese degrees, and encouraging intradepartmental collaboration leads to a spillover effect.
Article
Limnology
Nathanael T. Bergbusch, Nicole M. Hayes, Gavin L. Simpson, Peter R. Leavitt
Summary: The effluent from biological nutrient removal has been shown to shift turbid, phytoplankton-rich streams to clear ecosystems with abundant epilithon, favoring benthic diatoms and chlorophytes.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Cale A. C. Gushulak, Heather A. Haig, Melanie Kingsbury, Bjoern Wissel, Brian F. Cumming, Peter R. Leavitt
Summary: Phytobenthos are often underestimated but may have significant impacts on whole-lake production and ecosystem processes. A study in a small DOC-rich lake in northwestern Ontario found three discrete community assemblages, with the greatest mass accumulation at intermediate depths where warm illuminated sediments provide habitat for tychoplanktonic diatoms and cyanobacteria.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Cale A. C. Gushulak, Peter R. Leavitt, Brian F. Cumming
Summary: The study reveals variations in warm and eutrophic climate conditions in lake sediments in northeast Ontario, Canada, but trends in pigment and diatom biomarkers in sediment cores from the same lake basin suggest that regional climate signals may be complicated by specific catchment processes in lakes or basins.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vanessa J. Swarbrick, Nathanael T. Bergbusch, Peter R. Leavitt
Summary: The study revealed that urea is ubiquitous in eutrophic prairie streams and its concentrations are influenced by factors such as nutrient content and chlorophyte abundance in the water, while during summer, porewater urea concentrations are higher than stream concentrations.
Article
Limnology
Heather A. Haig, Amir M. Chegoonian, John-Mark Davies, Deirdre Bateson, Peter R. Leavitt
Summary: This study reported the marked blue discoloration of ice and water in prairie lakes in late winter 2021, caused by the high concentration release of cyanobacterial pigment. The phenomenon raised public concerns over eutrophication, pollution, and climate change, leading to rapid governmental and academic response. Consideration should be given to the increasing frequency of cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes subject to ice cover.
LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Limnology
Amir M. Chegoonian, Kiana Zolfaghari, Peter R. Leavitt, Helen M. Baulch, Claude R. Duguay
Summary: This study compares the accuracy and reliability of instrumented buoys and spectrophotometry in measuring chlorophyll a concentration for water quality monitoring. The results show that the model based on phycocyanin fluorescence is the most accurate, while the model using environmental factors is the most reliable. The newly developed models significantly improve the performance of estimating chlorophyll a content in water bodies using remotely sensed imagery.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
(2022)
Article
Limnology
Judith A. Bjorndahl, Cale A. C. Gushulak, Stefano Mezzini, Gavin L. Simpson, Heather A. Haig, Peter R. Leavitt, Kerri Finlay
Summary: This study reveals the impact of climate-induced variation in lake level on phototrophic production and regime shifts in endorheic lakes. The research conducted in two lakes in southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, shows that decline in water level and increase in temperature can lead to an increase in phytoplankton, particularly cyanobacteria. However, it also demonstrates that significant increases in obligately anaerobic purple sulfur bacteria occur in response to changes in light environments and declines in lake level. These findings suggest that climate-induced shifts in lake ecosystems may become more frequent in the future.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jian Zhou, Peter R. Leavitt, Yibo Zhang, Boqiang Qin
Summary: The depth of lakes reflects their susceptibility to human disturbance, with shallow lakes being more prone to anthropogenic eutrophication. Deep lakes, on the other hand, are less affected by human activities.
Article
Ecology
Adam J. Heathcote, Zofia E. Taranu, Nicolas Tromas, Meaghan MacIntyre-Newell, Peter R. Leavitt, Frances R. Pick
Summary: This study used sedimentary DNA analysis to investigate the changes in cyanobacterial communities and toxin genes in nine lakes in Minnesota, USA over the past century. The results showed a significant increase in the abundance of cyanobacteria and potential toxin genes since the 20th century, and land use and lake depth had a major impact on the cyanobacterial communities.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Kathleen R. Laird, Shirui Li, Cale A. C. Gushulak, Katherine E. Moir, Yuxiang Wang, Peter R. Leavitt, Brian F. Cumming
Summary: This study examines the influence of regional land-use practices, climate change, and landscape position on cultural eutrophication and lake response in three lakes within the Trent-Severn Waterway in Ontario, Canada. The findings suggest that the intensification of forest harvest, agriculture, and development of the waterway have led to increased water levels and phosphorus conditions in the lakes since the 1830s. The changes in nutrient levels and planktonic community composition varied among the lakes and can be attributed to landscape position, water inflow from the northern forested regions, point-source nutrient reductions, and climate change.
LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sydney A. Jensen, Jackie R. Webb, Gavin L. Simpson, Helen M. Baulch, Peter R. Leavitt, Kerri Finlay
Summary: Inland waters, specifically small water bodies, play a significant role in greenhouse gas cycling. Wetland ponds and constructed reservoirs in agricultural regions have differences in the content and regulatory mechanisms of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Primary production is a dominant factor in reservoirs, while heterotrophic metabolism is stronger in wetland ponds. Eutrophication affects methane concentrations in reservoirs, while both water body types show undersaturated levels of nitrous oxide.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Francine M. G. McCarthy, Timothy Patterson, Martin J. Head, Nicholas L. Riddick, Brian F. Cumming, Paul B. Hamilton, Michael F. J. Pisaric, Cale Gushulak, Peter R. Leavitt, Krysten M. Lafond, Brendan Llew-Williams, Matthew Marshall, Autumn Heyde, Paul M. Pilkington, Joshua Moraal, Joseph Boyce, Nawaf A. Nasser, Carling Walsh, Monica Garvie, Sarah Roberts, Neil L. Rose, Andy B. Cundy, Pawel Gaca, Andy Milton, Irka Hajdas, Carley A. Crann, Arnoud Boom, Sarah A. Finkelstein, John H. McAndrews
Summary: Crawford Lake in Ontario, Canada is proposed as the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Anthropocene. The lake's annually laminated sediments provide insights into environmental changes at global and local scales. The sediments reflect an increase in fossil fuel combustion and fallout from nuclear testing in the early 1950s. The lake's depositional environment inhibits the mobilization of Pu-239, a proposed stratigraphic guide for the Anthropocene.
ANTHROPOCENE REVIEW
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Mathematical
Zhengxiao Wei, Farouk S. Nathoo, Michael E. J. Masson
Summary: We investigated the relationship between the Bayes factor and the separation of credible intervals in between- and within-subject designs. Through simulations, we found a clear and consistent relationship between the Bayes factor and the separation of credible intervals. A quadratic exponential curve described this relationship well, with the most precise result obtained in a specific modification of the Bayesian interval. The traditional Bayesian highest-density interval was found to be relatively wide and may obscure effects in within-subject designs.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Remote Sensing
Amir M. Chegoonian, Nima Pahlevan, Kiana Zolfaghari, Peter R. Leavitt, John-Mark Davies, Helen M. Baulch, Claude R. Duguay
Summary: We developed a support vector regression (SVR) model using satellite-derived remote-sensing reflectance spectra (R-rs(d)) to retrieve near-surface chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration in Buffalo Pound Lake (BPL), Canada. The SVR model outperformed other models and showed comparable performance to a locally trained model, producing accurate Chla distribution maps and time series.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
H. A. Haig, N. M. Hayes, G. L. Simpson, Y. Yi, B. Wissel, K. R. Hodder, P. R. Leavitt
Summary: The study showed that within-year variation in water isotopes values typically exceeded variation among years in seven riverine lakes in the Canadian Prairies, especially in lakes with short water residence times. Large hydrological events homogenized isotopic values and had strong legacy effects on lakes separated by long distances.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY X
(2021)