Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chirag M. Vyas, Soshiro Ogata, Charles F. Reynolds, David Mischoulon, Grace Chang, Nancy R. Cook, JoAnn E. Manson, Marta Crous-Bou, Immaculata De Vivo, Olivia Okereke
Summary: The study found significant differences in the associations between lifestyle/behavioral factors and relative telomere length (RTL) among sex and race/ethnicity. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and to explore strategies to optimize lifestyles/behaviors for healthy aging based on sex or across racial/ethnic groups with potential public health implications.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Vaithinathan Selvaraju, Megan Phillips, Anna Fouty, Jeganathan Ramesh Babu, Thangiah Geetha
Summary: Disparities in health and disease between different races have been well documented in the USA. Recent studies have found that telomere length, a marker of aging, is associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases. This study showed that African American (AA) children have a significantly higher telomere to single copy gene ratio compared to European American (EA) children, and this high ratio is negatively correlated with diastolic pressure.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Jossie A. Carreras Tartak, Nicholas Brisbon, Sarah Wilkie, Thomas D. Sequist, Imoigele P. Aisiku, Ali Raja, Wendy L. Macias-Konstantopoulos
Summary: Black/African American and Hispanic patients undergoing involuntary mandatory emergency psychiatric evaluation in Massachusetts experience higher rates of physical restraint in the ED. Factors contributing to racial disparities in the use of physical restraint require further investigation, including the potential role of structural racism and other biases.
ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Micaela Sandoval, Duc T. Nguyen, Farhaan S. Vahidy, Edward A. Graviss
Summary: This study investigated demographic and clinical risk factors for severe COVID-19 and readmission among young adults aged 18-29 in Houston, Texas. Findings indicated that factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, obesity, asthma history, and comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and diabetes were predictive of severe disease and readmission within 30 days. The study highlights the need for COVID-19 awareness and prevention in young adults, especially those in marginalized communities with underlying health conditions.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Martha Cecilia Bottia, Roslyn Arlin Mickelson, Cayce Jamil, Kyleigh Moniz, Leanne Barry
Summary: The disproportionate representation of racially minoritized students in STEM fields in the United States is linked to factors such as inferior secondary school preparation, racialized lower quality educational environments, reduced psychosocial factors associated with STEM success, limited exposure to inclusive and appealing curricula and instruction, lower levels of family capital, and fewer opportunities for supplemental STEM learning.
REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rustin D. Crutchley, Nicole Keuler
Summary: A retrospective sub-analysis of CYP-GUIDES data revealed a higher number of patients classified as CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolizers using CPIC/DPWG definitions compared to CYP-GUIDES definitions. Latinos had significantly shorter length of stay compared to Whites, and patients with poor metabolizing capacity in the G group had significantly reduced length of stay.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Sharon A. Savage
Summary: In this study, novel pathogenic variants in RPA1 were discovered as a new cause of TBDs. The researchers investigated the clinical manifestations in patients from different families, and revealed the role of RPA1 in hematopoiesis and telomeric DNA binding and unfolding. The discovery enhances our understanding of RPA function in telomere biology and provides valuable information for families in understanding the cause of their illness.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sabrina A. Assoumou, Alicia Peterson, Ellen Ginman, Thea James, Cassandra M. Pierre, Sebastian Hamilton, Sheila Chapman, John Goldie, Robert Koenig, Elena Mendez-Escobar, Hannah Leaver, Robert Graham, Renee Crichlow, Tarsha Weaver, Sandra Cotterell, Guale Valdez, Denise De Las Nueces, Nancy A. Scott, Benjamin P. Linas, Petrina Martin Cherry
Summary: Academic medical centers are crucial in increasing access to and uptake of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The Boston Medical Center implemented a vaccination program that focused on community-based sites, mobile vaccination events, and strong partnerships to ensure equitable distribution. Challenges included the need for a robust operational infrastructure and addressing community mistrust.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kosuke Imai, Santiago Olivella, Evan T. R. Rosenman
Summary: Prediction of individuals' race and ethnicity is crucial in studying racial disparity. Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) is a leading methodology for this task, but it faces data problems. We introduce a fully Bayesian BISG (fBISG) method that addresses census measurement error and utilizes additional name data to improve race imputation accuracy.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jason Amartey, Chichi Okagbue, Adama Saccoh, Stanley Buffonge, Ashley Francois, Catherine Tcheandjieu, Shaneice Mitchell, Daniel J. Tyrrell, Debora Kamin Mukaz
Summary: Black In Cardio is a trainee-led initiative that aims to promote Black individuals in the cardiovascular field and raise awareness about cardiovascular health issues within Black communities.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Jesse R. Cougle, Anouk L. Grubaugh
Summary: The study reviewed 23 meta-analyses on the impact of race/ethnicity on psychotherapy outcomes, finding generally equivalent results between ethnic/racial minorities and White participants. While some disorders showed no differences in outcomes, such as depression and PTSD, data on other mental health conditions like borderline personality disorder and eating disorders were lacking. The review identified gaps in the literature for future research to better understand racial-ethnic differences in psychotherapy outcomes.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michelle Bosquet Enlow, Carter R. Petty, Michele R. Hacker, Heather H. Burris
Summary: Research suggests that maternal psychological stress during pregnancy may be associated with newborn telomere length, particularly in male infants. However, the limited number of studies and inconsistent findings call for further investigation into the potential correlation between maternal stress and newborn telomere length.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lindsey Rubin, Lucy A. Ingram, Nicholas V. Resciniti, Brianna Ashford-Carroll, Katherine Henrietta Leith, Aubrey Rose, Stephanie Urena, Quentin McCollum, Daniela B. Friedman
Summary: As the US population ages, the incidence of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRDs) is increasing, with racial/ethnic minorities disproportionately affected. While genetic risk factors for ADRDs in Caucasian populations have been extensively studied, research on racial/ethnic minority populations is lacking. There is a need for increased focus on genetic factors of ADRDs in racial/ethnic minority populations due to their underrepresentation compared to research with Caucasian populations.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Robert R. Edwards, Can Ozan Tan, Inana Dairi, Alicia J. Whittington, Julius Dewayne Thomas, Claudia M. Campbell, Edgar Ross, Herman A. Taylor, Marc Weisskopf, Aaron L. Baggish, Ross Zafonte, Rachel Grashow
Summary: In a study of former professional American-style football players, it was found that black players reported more intense pain and higher levels of pain interference compared to white players. Additionally, the association between biopsychosocial factors and pain was found to be race-specific, with certain factors being more strongly related to pain among black players.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarahn M. Wheeler, Sabrena O. Myers, Geeta K. Swamy, Evan R. Myers
Summary: The study found that in 2019, out of 3,695,019 pregnancies in the United States, 528,778 had no risk factors, 169,540 had one or more high-risk factors, and 2,996,701 had one or more moderate-risk factors. Multifetal gestation was the most common high-risk factor, while low socioeconomic status was the most common moderate-risk factor. According to the 2021 criteria, 3,166,241 pregnant patients (85.7%) were eligible for LDA for preeclampsia prevention.
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Chris Labaki, Andrew Lachlan Schmidt, Ziad Bakouny, Muhieddine Labban, Talal El Zarif, Steven Lee Chang, Bradley Alexander McGregor, Adam S. Kibel, Timothy Rebbeck, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Toni K. Choueiri
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Temidayo A. Fadelu, Parsa Erfani, Joarly Lormil, Ruth Damuse, Viergela Pierre, Sarah Slater, Scott A. Triedman, Lawrence N. Shulman, Timothy R. Rebbeck
Summary: This study analyzed treatment data of 312 female patients with non-metastatic breast cancer in Haiti and found that 80% of patients completed breast surgery, but nearly half experienced delays in surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy initiation. The study did not find an association between surgical delays and disease-free survival.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Sana Raoof, Richard J. Lee, Kunal Jajoo, Joseph D. Mancias, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Steven J. Skates
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Megan Hansen, Nadine M. Hamieh, Sarah C. Markt, Jane B. Vaselkiv, Claire H. Pernar, Amparo G. Gonzalez-Feliciano, Samuel Peisch, Ilkania M. Chowdhury-Paulino, Emily M. Rencsok, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Elizabeth A. Platz, Edward L. Giovannucci, Kathryn M. Wilson, Lorelei A. Mucci
Summary: In the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), African American men have a higher risk of prostate cancer and higher mortality rates compared to White men. Asian American men have a lower risk of prostate cancer, but similar risk of fatal disease compared to White men. Racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality cannot be fully explained by differences in lifestyle, diet, family history, or PSA screening.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timothy R. Rebbeck, Brandon Mahal, Kara N. Maxwell, Isla P. Garraway, Kosj Yamoah
Summary: Genetic ancestry has an impact on human health, but it differs from the influence of race, which is a social construct rooted in systemic racism. Better defining and understanding these terms in medical research is crucial for achieving health equity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Diana Withrow, Sophie Pilleron, Nikita Nikita, Jacques Ferlay, Swapnil Sharma, Brian Nicholson, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Grace Lu-Yao
Summary: There is significant variation in the burden of prostate cancer globally, as measured by YLL. The burden of prostate cancer is projected to increase over time, with the highest burden expected in Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Planning and implementing programs to reduce the burden of prostate cancer globally will be critical.
Article
Oncology
Shivanshu Awasthi, Brandon A. Mahal, Jong Y. Park, Jordan H. Creed, Vonetta L. Williams, Asmaa Elkenawi, Sylvester O. Meadows, Julio M. Pow-Sang, Grace Lu-Yao, Wm. Kevin Kelly, Damaris-Lois Y. Lang, Janice Zgibor, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Kosj Yamoah
Summary: Evidence suggests that Black men with low-risk prostate cancer may have a higher risk of Gleason score reclassification compared to White men, particularly in extreme reclassification. Additionally, the time to treatment can non-linearly impact Gleason reclassification in Black men.
PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Crosby, Sangeeta Bhatia, Kevin M. Brindle, Lisa M. Coussens, Caroline Dive, Mark Emberton, Sadik Esener, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Peter Kuhn, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Shankar Balasubramanian
Summary: Early detection of cancer is crucial for improving survival rates, but unfortunately, a significant number of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Overcoming various challenges is essential to achieve early detection for all cancers, including understanding high-risk individuals, elucidating the biology and trajectory of precancer and early cancer, and developing sensitive and specific detection technologies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Naseem Cassim, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Deborah K. Glencross, Jaya A. George
Summary: The study used laboratory data to describe PSA testing trends for PHC services in a single province, finding a significant increase in the number of men tested from 2006 to 2016, with the majority of tests being conducted for men in the 50-59 age category and Black Africans. PSA levels increased with age, and the proportion of men with PSA >= 4 mu g/L increased with age, with significant differences in the probability of having PSA >= 4 mu g/L among different racial groups.
Article
Oncology
Nathan Oehrlein, Samantha A. Streicher, Huai-Ching Kuo, Avinash Chaurasia, Jacob McFadden, Darryl Nousome, Yongmei Chen, Sean P. Stroup, John Musser, Timothy Brand, Christopher Porter, Inger L. Rosner, Gregory T. Chesnut, Kayla C. Onofaro, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Anthony D'Amico, Grace Lu-Yao, Jennifer Cullen
Summary: This study found that African American patients had a shorter survival time after prostate cancer treatment, but no significant difference was observed between African American and Caucasian American patients in the time from biochemical recurrence to metastasis and metastasis to overall death in an equal access healthcare setting.
Article
Oncology
Kevin H. Kensler, Shakuntala Baichoo, Shailja Pathania, Timothy R. Rebbeck
Summary: Carriers of germline BRCA2 pathogenic sequence variants have an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and may benefit from precision oncology treatments. This study found distinct genomic alterations between BRCA2-deficient (BRCA2(d)) and BRCA2-intact (BRCA2(i)) prostate tumors, which are associated with etiological and prognostic differences.
NPJ PRECISION ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Louise K. Makau-Barasa, Achille Manirakiza, Andre L. Carvalho, Timothy R. Rebbeck
Summary: Prostate cancer mortality is predicted to increase in Sub-Saharan Africa due to the lack of screening and late-stage diagnosis. This study examined the availability and use of screening, diagnostic, and treatment guidelines for prostate cancer in SSA countries. The findings suggest that PSA and DRE exams are available for early detection, but there are concerns about overdiagnosis and overtreatment. National policies should consider multiple factors to ensure access to relevant and safe care.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Kevin H. Kensler, Shivanshu Awasthi, Mohamed Alshalalfa, Bruce J. Trock, Stephen J. Freedland, Michael R. Freeman, Sungyong You, Brandon A. Mahal, Robert B. Den, Adam P. Dicker, R. Jeffrey Karnes, Eric A. Klein, Priti Lal, Yang Liu, Elai Davicioni, Walter Rayford, Kosj Yamoah, Timothy R. Rebbeck
Summary: This study investigates the impact of self-identified race on prostate cancer subtypes and genomic aggressiveness. The results show that specific subtypes are more common among Black men, while other subtypes are more common among White men.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Abraham van Wyk, Timothy Rebbeck, Brian Robinson, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olabode Oluwole, Lynnette Kyokunda, Cherif Dial, Afua Abrahams, Frederick Hobenu, Sun Woo Kim, Massimo Loda, Priti Lal
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Pathology
Abraham van Wyk, Timothy Rebbeck, Brian Robinson, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olabode Oluwole, Lynnette Kyokunda, Cherif Dial, Afua Abrahams, Frederick Hobenu, Sun Woo Kim, Massimo Loda, Priti Lal